Deck 12: Diseases of the Endocrine System

Question 1

In hyperparathyroidism, as calcium levels rise _____.

A)iodine levels fall
B)iodine levels rise
C)phosphate levels fall
D)phosphate levels rise

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Approximately 75% to 80% of all cases of hypoadrenalism are due to _____.

A)autoimmune process
B)idiopathic conditions
C)infectious diseases
D)opportunistic infections

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The signs and symptoms of hyperparathyroidsim include _____ disturbances.

A)cardiac
B)gastrointestinal
C)respiratory
D)urinary

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Hypothyroidism is a result of below-normal production of _____ by the thyroid gland.

A)T₁
B)T₂
C)T₃
D)T₄

Question 5

Congenital hypothyroidism is most often the result of _____, or underdevelopment of the hypothyroid gland.

A)anaplasia
B)dysplasia
C)hyperplasia
D)hypoplasia

Question 6

Hormone levels are measured in blood or urine samples via _____

A)ACTH and ADH
B)ELISA and RIA
C)NIDDM and HHS
D)T1DM and PTH

Question 7

Acromegaly is the result of _____.

A)deficient GH secretion in adulthood
B)deficient GH secretion in childhood
C)excess GH secretion in adulthood
D)excess GH secretion in childhood

Question 8

Most glandular activity is controlled by the _____, which is sometimes called the master gland.

A)endocrine
B)pineal
C)pituitary
D)thymus

Question 9

The endocrine functions of the pancreas consist of synthesis, storage, and release of the following; except _____.

A)glucagon
B)glucocorticoids
C)insulin
D)somatostatin

Question 10

Common causes of hypothyroidism include _____ diseases.

A)autoimmune
B)idiopathic
C)infectious
D)opportunistic

Question 11

_____ is the most common form of hyperthyroidism.

A)Addison's disease
B)Graves' disease
C)Hashimoto's thyroiditis
D)Myedema

Question 12

The target organ of oxytocin is the smooth muscle of the _____.

A)liver
B)lungs
C)pancreas
D)uterus

Question 13

A stalk called the _____ connects the pituitary gland to the floor of the hypothalamus.

A)adenohypophysis
B)infundibulum
C)neurohypophysis
D)thyroxine

Question 14

Hypoparathyroidism is treated with _____.

A)calcium and vitamin D
B)chloride and vitamin C
C)magnesium and vitamin B
D)phosphorus and vitamin A

Question 15

One of the risk factors for thyroid cancer is a diet low in _____.

A)chloride
B)iodine
C)magnesium
D)sodium

Question 16

Growth hormone, also known as _____, affects all parts of the body by promoting growth of tissues and bone.

A)adrenocorticotropics
B)gonadotropin
C)mineralocorticoids
D)somatotropin

Question 17

The parathyroid glands regulate the levels of circulating _____.

A)calcium and phosphate
B)hydrogen and oxygen
C)nitrogen and chloride
D)sodium and potassium

Question 18

Pituitary dwarfism is due to inadequate secretion of _____ by the pituitary gland in children.

A)aldosterone
B)growth hormone
C)somatostatin
D)thyroxine

Question 19

Simple goiter may be caused by a deficiency in _____.

A)carbohydrates
B)iodine
C)magnesium
D)protein

Question 20

The urine of a DI patient will show _____.

A)colorless urine with a very high specific gravity
B)colorless urine with a very low specific gravity
C)dark yellow urine with a very high specific gravity
D)dark yellow urine with a very low specific gravity

Question 21

Endocrine tissue can be found in the heart.

Question 22

After adolescence, growth hormone is secreted in greater amounts to promote tissue replacement and repair.

Question 23

There are two types of DI: central DI and nephrogenic DI.

Question 24

The glucose tolerance test challenges the body's ability to secrete and use insulin, performed after a _____-hour fast.

A)5
B)10
C)24
D)48

Question 25

A slight decrease in _____ ratio is seen with age, resulting in decreased metabolic rate.

A)ADH:ELISA
B)GH:PTH
C)T1DM:T2DM
D)T₃:T₄

Question 26

With age, the pancreas _____.

A)increases the ability to secrete insulin at normal levels, but tissue responsiveness decreases
B)increases the ability to secrete insulin at normal levels, but tissue responsiveness increases
C)retains the ability to secrete insulin at normal levels, but tissue responsiveness decreases
D)retains the ability to secrete insulin at normal levels, but tissue responsiveness increases

Question 27

Precocious puberty is _____.

A)ten times more common in boys than in girls
B)ten times more common in girls than in boys
C)twenty times more common in boys than in girls
D)twenty times more common in girls than in boys

Question 28

Acromegaly is caused by a benign tumor of the infundibulum.

Question 29

The adrenal glands have an inner part, the adrenal cortex, and an outer portion, the adrenal medulla.

Question 30

In a male child, precocious puberty is defined as the onset of puberty before the age of _____.

A)6
B)9
C)12
D)15

Question 31

The signs and symptoms of _____ include polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia.

A)Addison's disease
B)diabetes
C)goiter
D)Graves' disease

Question 32

Risk factors for congenital hypothyroidism include injury or trauma to the pituitary gland.

Question 33

The pituitary gland is controlled by the occipital lobe of the brain.

Question 34

The adrenal cortex secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Question 35

The classic signs of _____ include fat accumulation behind the shoulders, known as a buffalo hump, and a round "moon-shaped" face.

A)Addison's disease
B)Cushing's syndrome
C)hypergonadism
D)myxedema

Question 36

The six major hormones produced by the anterior pituitary are collectively called tropic hormones.

Question 37

_____ is often the only sign of Conn's syndrome.

A)Hyperaldosteronism
B)Hyperglycemia
C)Hypertension
D)Hyperthyroidism

Question 38

Insulin and glucagon work antagonistically to each other.

Question 39

Diabetes may develop during pregnancy, a condition called _____.

A)diabetes insipidous
B)diabetes mellitus
C)diabetic ketoacidosis
D)gestational diabetes

Question 40

_____ disease can cause a life-threatening condition, known as acute adrenal insufficiency, with death resulting from shock and cardiovascular collapse.

A)Addison's
B)Crohn's
C)Conn's
D)Cushing's

Question 41

The most common cause of gigantism is a benign tumor of the _____ gland that leads to excessive secretion of GH.

Question 42

The principle manifestation of hypoparathyroidism is _____, a sustained muscular contraction.

Question 43

_____ is an enlargement of the thyroid gland.

Question 44

_____ is a result of hypersecretion of GH in children.

Question 45

The anterior pituitary regulates sexual development and function by the means of hormones known as the _____.

Question 46

Also called the _____, the pituitary is composed of an anterior and posterior lobe.

Question 47

_____ is the production of abnormally large amounts of urine.

Question 48

Decreased secretion or action of ADH results in diabetes _____.

Question 49

The most distinctive sign of hyperparathyroidism is hyperpigmentation of the skin.

Question 50

Hyperparathyroidism is more common in men than in women.

Question 51

Primary adrenal insufficiency, or _____ disease, is the result of undersecretion of hormones by the adrenal cortex.

Question 52

In Type II diabetes mellitus, the body resists the effects of insulin or does not produce enough insulin to maintain a normal glucose level.

Question 53

When glucose is not available, cells will use protein and fat as their energy source.

Question 54

Hypothyroid of the newborn is known as _____.

Question 55

ADH, also known as _____, stimulates water absorption in the kidneys.

Question 56

Excessive parathyroid hormone raises the level of circulating calcium, a condition called _____.

Question 57

Hyperadrenalism can be due to an overproduction of cortison, known as _____ syndrome.

Question 58

One treatment for hyperparathyroidism is the administration of diuretics to increase urine output.

Question 59

The endocrine system comprises a number of glands and glandular tissues that secrete chemical messengers called _____.

Question 60

About half of the people with Graves' disease have Graves' _____, or bulging of the eyes.