Deck 15: Career-Related Programs for Career Development in Elementary Schools

Question 1

Who stands out as pioneers in directing considerable attention to the developmental period of early childhood in their study of parent-child relations?

A)​Roe and Roe and Lunneborg
B)​Rowland and Shaffer
C)​Goldenberg and Goldenberg
D)​Mitchell and Krumboltz

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Discuss the importance of resiliency in children​

Answer 2

​Major Points
Resilient children develop the ability to cope with adversity.Children build protective factors from influences of positive attachment relationships.Good health, safety, and caring neighbors contribute to the development of resiliency.Good problem-solving skills and positive self-efficacy are also important factors.Faith and a sense of meaning in life are also driving forces in the development of resilient children.

Question 3

Discuss the implications for career guidance at the elementary level.

Answer 3

Major Points
Self-concepts begin to form in early childhood.An important aspect of career development is to build an understanding of strengths and limitations.Elementary school children imitate role models in the home and school.Children learn to associate work roles with sexual stereotypes at an early age.Community resources provide a rich source of career information, role models, and exposure to a wide range of careers.Self-awareness counseling is a major goal of the growth stage in elementary schools.Learning to assume responsibility for decisions and actions has major implications for career decisions to be made in the future.Understanding the relationships between education and work is a key concept for enhancing career development.The concept that all work is important builds an understanding of why parents and others work.Learning about occupations and about people who are actually involved in occupations builds an awareness of differences among people and occupations.

Question 4

Building support for career-related programs in elementary schools requires the counselor convincing teachers, administrators and parents of this need; recommendations are based on:

A)​accepted academic findings and research only.
B)the counselor's thoughts.
C)​straightforward information only.
D)​accepted academic findings and research as well as straightforward information that identify connections between learned basic skills and work requirements.

Question 5

Who writes that all the pervasive developmental disorders include problems with language, socialization and cognition?​

A)​Kroll and Bertchman
B)​Barlow and Durand
C)​Duran
D)​Altarac and Saroha

Question 6

To enhance the effectiveness of career-related programs, counselors should:

A)​Follow counseling scripts from other schools
B)​Adhere to one counseling approach only
C)​Use only local data to build interventions
D)​Have knowledge of local curriculum and teaching methods

Question 7

A sample exercise whereby students identify one type of skill necessary for good schoolwork and then identify a job that requires a specific school subject is an example illustrating what process?​

A)​The stage prior to thinking logically or abstractly
B)​Cultivating "schemes" through senses and motor activities
C)​Making consistent generalizations
D)​Encouraging and directing concrete experiences to promote increasingly abstract conceptual operations

Question 8

Who suggested that the stage of development from ages 6 to 11 emphasizes industriousness; that is, children learn that productivity brings recognition and reward?​

A)​Super
B)​Gottfredson
C)​Kail and Cavanaugh
D)​Erikson

Question 9

Define infusion and give some specific examples.

Question 10

Briefly discuss the stages of observational learning.

Question 11

Information processing skills can be identified with the principles of:​

A)​Super's developmental stages
B)​Working memory
C)​Piaget's propositions
D)​Personality types

Question 12

Which statement is not true regarding the counselor's sensitivity to culturally diverse families?

A)​Behavior, conduct and family roles in most culturally diverse groups are also influenced by religious issues
B)​It would be unusual to find clients who have different levels and degrees of assimilation into dominant middle-class society
C)​Significant diversity among ethnic groups greatly contributes to attitudes, values, behavior patterns and acceptable roles of family members
D)​Ethnicity is a powerful driving force in determining the rules, rituals and esprit de corps of family members

Question 13

The inclusive role of counselor as proactive agent promoting, developing and evaluating career development programs includes which of the following multiple roles?​

A)​Career-related information specialist and promoter of community involvement
B)​Coordinator, teacher and team-facilitator
C)​Coach, leader and consultant
D)​All of the above

Question 14

The five stages of observable learning according to Bandura (1989) are:

A)​listening, paying attention, reproducing actions, becoming motivated (to reproduce what was observed) and perfecting an imitation according to what was observed.
B)​remembering what was observed, reproducing actions, repeating, becoming motivated (to reproduce what was observed), perfecting an imitation according to what was observed and discussing the reproduction.
C)​reproducing actions, becoming motivated (to reproduce what was observed), perfecting an imitation according to what was observed, repeating and discussing.
D)​paying attention, remembering what was observed, reproducing actions, becoming motivated (to reproduce what was observed) and perfecting an imitation according to what was observed.

Question 15

The National Career Development Guidelines (NCDG) are to be used as career development goals for children, youth and adults.These goals are grouped according to which of the following broad domains?​

A)​Personal social development, educational achievement and knowledge
B)​Personal social development, educational achievement and career management
C)​Knowledge and application
D)​Educational achievement, knowledge and career management

Question 16

The idea of integrating career development concepts into existing curricula is referred to as:​

A)​infusion.
B)​integration.
C)integrated fusion.
D)​fusion.

Question 17

Types of developmental disorders are important for elementary school counselors for which of the following reasons?

A)​To administer medications
B)​To inform all personnel
C)​To diagnose and treat
D)​To refer to appropriate professionals

Question 18

Asking a student to describe a friend, then describe himself or herself and then discuss and describe individual differences is an example of what type of strategy?​

A)​Career planning strategy
B)​Self-knowledge strategy
C)​Educational and occupational exploration strategy
D)​Resource for classroom strategy

Question 19

Briefly discuss the multiple roles of the elementary school counselor.

Question 20

Choose the incorrect statement pertaining to self-concept development.

A)​Self-concept development is a static phenomenon and does not change
B)​Self-concept development is not a static phenomenon but an ongoing process that changes sometimes gradually and sometimes abruptly as people and situations change
C)​Self-esteem for some will be enhanced through academic achievement whereas others will experience both positive and negative feedback in peer-socialization activities
D)​Enhanced self-esteem encourages development of personal ideas and opinions of a positive nature

Question 21

Having students make a list of school subjects and identify jobs in which the skills learned from the subjects are used is an example of what type of strategy?​

A)​Self-knowledge strategy
B)​Career infusion
C)​Educational and occupational exploration strategy
D)​Resource for classroom strategy

Question 22

Identify some considerations counselors should take when counseling children from different cultures.

Question 23

Briefly discuss how the elementary school counselor focuses on the development of basic skills and their interrelationships with career development.

Question 24

In order to fully appreciate the NCDG, one must have a working knowledge of all levels of indicators such as:​

A)the application stage and the career stage.
B)​the knowledge stage, personal development stage and the career stage.
C)​the knowledge stage, the application stage and the reflection stage.
D)​the personal interests stage and behavior stage.

Question 25

__________ are designed as strategies to promote self-knowledge, educational and occupational exploration and career planning.

A)​Representative competencies
B)​Competence strategies
C)​Objective competencies
D)​Representative strategies

Question 26

Which of the following individuals is known for cognitive development of children?

A)​Holland
B)​Piaget
C)​Ginzberg
D)​Super

Question 27

At which stage of a child's development do developmental disorders usually appear?​

A)​Late
B)​Early and late
C)​Early
D)​Midway

Question 28

What is the name given to theorists who have concentrated on developmental patterns of accomplishments, events and physiological and sociological changes in human development?​

A)​Developmental theorists
B)​Task theorists
C)​Stage theorists
D)​Pattern theorists

Question 29

Career-related programs in elementary schools are viewed by many as essential ingredients in the educational process of all students.This view is expounded in research by which authors?

A)​Sciarra only
B)​Gysbers and Henderson
C)​Berns and Sciarra
D)​Berns only

Question 30

Learning memory strategies is a most important part of:​

A)​Super's stages of development
B)​Values and aptitude development
C)​Efficacy in processing information
D)​Personality development

Question 31

Integrating career development into existing curricular is referred to as:​

A)​Curricular add-on
B)​Concept theory
C)​Absorption
D)​Infusion

Question 32

Which of the following are included in the recommended functions of elementary school counselors, according to the American School Counselors Association?​

A)​Foster the developmental process through career awareness of lifelong growth of values, interests and skills that will influence students' future work roles
B)​Implement effective classroom guidance activities such as fostering peer relationships, understanding of self, communication skills, decision-making skills and study skills
C)​Coordinate programs that will involve school and community resources, all school career-related activities and other programs that promote students' self-knowledge and skill development
D)​All of the above

Question 33

Vocational goals for students in elementary school reflect:​

A)​Local career advising programs
B)​Career education competencies
C)​Career-generated activities
D)​Interrelationship of all educational goals

Question 34

Discuss the importance of play in elementary age children.

Question 35

Why is the advocacy role of elementary school counselors considered to be very important?

A)​Career education is popular but needs to be emphasized
B)​All school personnel are familiar with career development
C)​Parents will automatically support career development programs
D)​For gaining local support for career development interventions

Question 36

What is the major focus of attention regarding information processing as it pertains to strategies for learning?

A)​Power
B)​Simplicity
C)​Complexity
D)​Efficiency

Question 37

The roles and rules of cultural family groups are thought to be:​

A)​Very similar across cultures
B)​The same within cultures
C)​Only different within Asian cultures
D)​Similar but not alike

Question 38

Which organization sets the national standards for school counseling programs?

A)​ASCO
B)​NCDA
C)​ASCA
D)​NCDG

Question 39

Discuss the benefits of career development programs in elementary school.

Question 40

What is of utmost importance for counselors to evaluate when determining how counseling will proceed with children from different cultures?​

A)​The client's level of acculturation
B)​The counselor's level of acculturation
C)​Racism and oppression
D)​Stereotypes

Question 41

Among the most important early activities of elementary school counselors is:​

A)​Securing personal files of students
B)​Inventorying career development materials
C)​Ordering assessment instruments
D)​Building support for career-related programs