Deck 1: Historical Development and Some Basic Issues

Question 1

Define globalization and how has it affected the economy.

Answer 1

Major Points
Globalization is an increased economic, political and social interconnectedness and interdependence among societies of the world.Markets have opened around the globe resulting in more trade and nations have increasingly become more interdependent.The interconnectedness of globalization suggests that when there are disruptive economic events in one nation, other nations will be affected as well.Federally, the recession in 2009 has not only resulted in the loss of millions of jobs and subsequent financial problems for the United States but also in other nations, meaning the shift away from production of goods in other countries have created significant job loss for many Americans.​

Question 2

Briefly discuss how working in the 21st century will be influenced by at least five factors.

Answer 2

Major Points
New technology will change the way work is done.Independent contractors will secure work requests and hire employees.Self-employed individuals will sell their services to organizations.Freelance workers will offer their expertise to interested corporations.Consultants will sell their knowledge to interested organizations.Contingent workers will contract to work for certain periods of time with no promise of a permanent job.Knowledge workers are lifelong learners who focus on keeping up-to-date on current and future job requirements.​

Question 3

What term is used to describe counseling within a culturally diverse society?

A)​Multicultural counseling
B)​Vocational counseling
C)​Cultural counseling
D)​Career counseling

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following occurred during World War I?​

A)​The Great Depression and job loss
B)​Writing of the first developmental theories
C)​The women's movement
D)​Measurement movement

Question 5

Justify the case for the individual in career counseling.

Question 6

List and discuss the six stages that characterize career development history, along with the time period of the development.

Question 7

Future stages of career counseling will be particularly impacted by events listed, with the exclusion of:​

A)​years of military service and peacekeeping duties in Afghanistan and Iraq.
B)​entertainment events in 2011.
C)​federal declared recession in 2009 leading to significant job loss.
D)​Sept.11, 2001, terrorist attacks.

Question 8

Who was considered the leading figure, or "father," of the career counseling movement?​

A)​Super
B)​Parsons
C)​Roe
D)​Holland

Question 9

The global economy, or globalization, is the driving force of:​

A)​restructuring wealth.
B)economic freedom.
C)​economic restructuring.
D)​economic stability.

Question 10

Describe what you might explore if you were trying to clarify a client's lifestyle orientation.

Question 11

Demonstrate similarities and dissimilarities between career development and career guidance.

Question 12

In 1976, the National Occupational Information Coordinating Committee (NOICC) was established by an act of Congress to do which of the following:?

A)​Develop occupational information systems for each state and assist in the organization of state committees
B)​Assist all users of occupational information to share information and to provide labor information for the needs of youth
C)​A and B
D)​Only to assist all users of occupational information to share information

Question 13

What was the name of the major work written by Parsons (published posthumously in 1909)?

A)​Three Conceptual Formulations
B)​The Conceptual Framework for Helping a Person Choose a Career
C)​Choosing a Vocation
D)​Choosing a Career

Question 14

A client you are seeing reports being under a heavy load of stress, and it's to the point that she dreads going to work, and is having problems eating and sleeping.Identify three possible interventions or recommendations that you might make.

Question 15

Who was responsible for suggesting the six stages as a developmental period of career counseling reflecting vast changes in the work role of many Americans?​

A)​Sharf
B)​Reardon
C)​Parsons
D)​Pope

Question 16

How did Frank Parsons impact the field of career counseling?​

Question 17

Parson's outstanding contribution to the career counseling movement was his:

A)​Conceptual framework for helping an individual select a career
B)​Speech at the first national conference on vocational guidance
C)​Method of measuring aptitudes for immigrants
D)​Research on career development of children

Question 18

What act was passed in 1994 to help students receive more experiences and coursework relating directly to the work they may enter?​

A)​The School-to-Work Opportunities Act
B)​The Student Work Experience Act
C)​The Federal Work Act
D)​The School Course Work Act

Question 19

Which of the following is indicative of Stage 1 of career counseling (1890-1919)?​

A)​The growth of educational guidance in elementary and secondary schools
B)​Organizational career development and the nature of work viewed as pervasive life roles
C)​Time of significant growth of guidance needs in colleges and universities and in the training of counselors
D)​The growth of placement services in urban areas to meet needs of growing industrial organizations

Question 20

The terms "career life" or "life/career" illuminate the:

A)​role of work only.
B)​separation between work and life.
C)​interconnection between all life roles.
D)​necessity to choose one career path for your life.

Question 21

The case for the individual is best described as:​

A)​The uniqueness of each client
B)​Influence of life course events
C)​Collectivistic beliefs of children's behavior
D)​The development of interests

Question 22

Where was the first national conference (1910) on career guidance held?​

A)​New Jersey
B)​Boston
C)​Grand Rapids, Mich.
D)​New York City

Question 23

Define career and discuss Hall, Mirvas, and Feldman's perception of what the term career implies.

Question 24

Lifelong learning refers to the basic assumption that:​

A)​changes in the workplace do not require ongoing learning.
B)​the learning acquired long ago is sufficient.
C)​new knowledge will bridge changes in work and life in the 21st century.
D)​counselors will not need to offer concrete examples of the interrelationships between education and work in an effort to correct faulty thinking.

Question 25

Briefly discuss how the industrial revolution influenced the need for career counseling.

Question 26

The smallest proportion of factory workers in all developed nations describes:​

A)​Germany
B)​England
C)​United States
D)​China

Question 27

The current time (1990 to present), Stage 6, is viewed as:​

A)​atime of changing demographics and continued development of technology.
B)​afocus on school-to-work transitions.
C)​the beginning of multicultural counseling.
D)​all of the above.

Question 28

Which of the following is less relevant to career choice at the present time?

A)​Outsourcing
B)​Job loss due to recession
C)​Global economy
D)​Job stability and the knowledge that one will stay with the same job "forever"

Question 29

Which statement is NOT true?

A)​Career counselors focus on balancing all life roles in an ever-changing world.
B)​Career counselors focus on each client's life course perspectives.
C)​Career counseling focuses on one aspect of the client.
D)​Career counseling focuses on a "whole person" approach.

Question 30

Discuss how the study of human abilities influenced the career guidance movement.

Question 31

Donald Super's model highlights:​

A)​it is superfluous to consider the interrelationships of all life roles.
B)​success in one role does not facilitate success in another.
C)people are only involved in one life role.
D)​success in one role facilitates success in another.

Question 32

What factor is crucial in effectively using information to make career decisions?​

A)​Readiness to collect information
B)​The ability to analyze data
C)​Using a search engine
D)​The ability to gather information

Question 33

On what principle was career counseling founded?​

A)​The role of the group
B)​Individual differences and strengths
C)​Group compatibility
D)​Individual likenesses

Question 34

Peter Drucker (2002) has given what term to the type of worker that will dominate the next society?

A)​Consultants
B)​High-tech experts
C)​Knowledge workers
D)​Knowledge outsourcers

Question 35

Describe how career and personal counseling are interconnected.

Question 36

Define the term lifelong learning and explain how it is used as a counseling goal.

Question 37

There appears to be solid evidence that workers in the 21st century should adopt:​

A)​The one career choice approach
B)​Behavioral approaches
C)​Person-in-environment approaches
D)​A lifelong learning approach

Question 38

Current practice places a strong emphasis between _____ and _____.

A)​career development; mental health
B)​mental health; client-counselor concerns
C)career development; performance
D)​personal development; mental health

Question 39

Elaborate on how the working environment will change in the 21stcentury.

Question 40

Briefly discuss how globalization will influence the structure of the future workplace and the availability of employment.

Question 41

The National Occupational Information Coordinating Committee had four basic functions.Identify one of them from the following:​

A)​Establish regulations for certifying counselors
B)​Provide labor market information
C)​Administer interstate trade agreements
D)​Establish counselor training programs

Question 42

What does an integrated approach to career counseling mean, and what are the implications of such an approach for career counselors?​

Question 43

What factor contributes greatly toward determining the market force and workplace changes in today's world?

A)​Globalization and the global economy
B)​Industrialization
C)​Taxation
D)​Research

Question 44

Compare and contrast the ideas of Spokane, Sharf, Rounds and Tracey on the career information process.

Question 45

What impact did World War II have on the career counseling movement?​

A)​Life transitions were addressed, from military to civilian life
B)​The first national conference on career counseling took place
C)​Ability tests were introduced
D)​The Smith-Hughes Act was passed

Question 46

Stage 5 of career counseling (1980-1989) encompasses transitions brought about by what factors?

A)​Information technology
B)​The beginning of career counseling private practice and outplacement services
C)​A and B
D)​None of the above

Question 47

Men work in factories and women work primarily as homemakers was a concept reinforced during:​

A)​World War I
B)​The rise of industrialism
C)​The Great Depression
D)​World War II

Question 48

Integrating career and personal concerns is best described as:​

A)​Developmental problems from ecological systems
B)​Future major challenges for career counseling
C)​Life events in the future society
D)​Personality integration in the 21st century

Question 49

An effective counselor maintains that:​

A)​aclient fits into a stereotypical role.
B)​society is culturally homogenous.
C)it is not necessary to consider the background of the client.​
D)​each client is a unique individual.

Question 50

What does Zunker (2008) present as the next challenge in the role of career counseling?

A)​The combination of values and lifestyle preferences
B)​Career and travel
C)​The need to integrate career and personal concerns in the practice of career development
D)​The global economy

Question 51

Outsourcing usually begins with:​

A)​Bottom-level employees
B)​Supervisors
C)​Highly trained specialists
D)​General mangers

Question 52

Describe what career coaching means as outlined in the Zunker text.

Question 53

Identify the basic issues in career counseling that challenge the counseling profession today.

Question 54

The rise of _______ in the 1800s led to a dramatically changed work environment, resulting in the need to address working conditions of urban life.

A)​the reformation
B)​deindustrialization
C)​socialism
D)​industrialism