Deck 9: Career Counseling for Multicultural Groups

Question 1

Which one of the following cultural groups listed here has most likely been conditioned to inhibit emotional responses?​

A)​Asian Americans
B)​Africans Americans
C)​Hispanic Americans
D)​White Americans

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Ethnic groups can be characterized as:

A)​Homogenous
B)​Having the same beliefs, values, interests, personalities, and worldviews
C)​Cultural groups within which there are individual differences
D)​Having exactly the same work values

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Who makes the following statement about culture? "Culture is a dynamic system of rules, explicit, and implicit, established by groups in order to ensure their survival, involving attitudes, values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors, shared by a group but harbored differently by each specific unit within the group, communicated across generations, relatively stable but potential to change across time."​

A)​Ogbu
B)​Matsumoto and Juang
C)​Paniagua
D)​Slattery

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Much of the variability found in cultures can be attributed to:​

A)​Nonshared experiences
B)​Inherited values
C)​Work-related experiences
D)​Family relationships

Question 5

Differences in work-related values between cultures helps counselors to understand:​

A)​Inherited problems concerning value orientation among different cultural groups
B)​Differences in reactions to standards of living
C)​Employee attitudes, behaviors, and interpersonal dynamics
D)​The increasing number of unemployed individuals in the northeast

Question 6

Who presented one of the most provocative studies of work-related values in the 1980s and continues to be quoted in much of the literature concerning culture and work behavior?​

A)​Matsumoto and Juang
B)​Hofstede
C)​Diller
D)​Ponterroto et al.

Question 7

The term that suggests that there are universal truths across cultures is:​

A)​Emic
B)​Etic
C)​Ethnocentrism
D)​Egocentrism

Question 8

In the work environment, acknowledging differences among cultures helps in understanding aspects of employees, such as:​

A)​attitudes and values.
B)​behaviors.
C)personal dynamics.
D)​all of the above.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about anxiety reactions is correct?

A)​Anxiety symptoms are similar across cultures, but the expression of anxiety is culture-specific
B)​Anxiety symptoms and expressions are significantly different across cultures
C)​Anxiety symptoms are much more severe in Asian cultures
D)​Anxiety symptoms are less severe in most cultures studied than they are in North America

Question 10

Briefly discuss the significance of five skill areas developed for cultural competence counseling skills as listed: awareness and acceptance; self-awareness; dynamics of differences; knowledge of the client's culture; and adaptation of skills.

Question 11

What term is used to describe how different cultures and societies deal with anxiety and stress?​

A)​Power distance
B)​Masculinity
C)​Uncertainty avoidance
D)​Individualism/collectivism

Question 12

_______ refers to the extent to which a client has assumed the beliefs, values and behaviors of the dominant society.

A)​Individualism
B)Collectivism
C)Acculturation​
D)​Worldview

Question 13

Which of the following groups is thought to be most individualistically oriented?

A)​Hispanic Americans
B)​Asian Americans
C)​European Americans
D)​White Americans

Question 14

Briefly discuss the significance of worldviews in multicultural counseling.

Question 15

The term culture has generated a number of different interpretations that suggest culture is:

A)​Totally inherited behavior
B)​A learned behavior
C)​Behavior that cannot be changed
D)​Primarily obtained through work experiences

Question 16

In the early 1990s, who published competency skills for a culturally skilled counselor?​

A)​Cross, Bazron, Dennis and Isaacs
B)​Sue, Arredondo and McDavis
C)​Pederson and colleagues
D)​Ponterotto and colleagues

Question 17

Career counselors are particularly focused on:

A)​The largest of cultural groups in residence
B)​The family interaction of cultural groups
C)​The client's cultural origin
D)​Variables that influence career development

Question 18

Briefly discuss differences between individualistic and collectivistic orientations.

Question 19

Recognition and endorsement of an individual's unique beliefs that were developed and influenced by sociocultural events and experiences refers to:

A)​Cultural inheritance
B)​Cultural relativism
C)​Cultural family life
D)​Cultural lifestyle

Question 20

Which statement is true?

A)​Culture is a learned behavior
B)​We can make assumptions from cultural stereotypes
C)​Culture is a simple rather than complex concept
D)​Cultural diversity does not exist among members of any ethnic group

Question 21

What social factors have been cited as significantly influencing Hispanic Americans' career perspectives and attitudes toward work?​

A)​Entertainment
B)​Social-class membership, environment of the home and school
C)​Community in which they reside
D)​Both B and C

Question 22

When counseling European Americans, what key considerations should the counselor keep in mind?​

A)​Some European Americans can be very action-orientated; there is a strong need to take control of self and solve problems
B)​Counselors are to stress the strength of the individual
C)​The client's perception of the counselor is very important; prestige of university degrees, internships and residencies are also important to the client
D)​All of the above

Question 23

Which five skill areas for individual cultural competence skills were developed by Cross, Bazron, Dennis and Isaacs?​

A)​Awareness and acceptance of differences, self-awareness, dynamics of difference, knowledge of the client's culture and adaption of skills
B)​Awareness and acceptance of differences, self-awareness, dynamics of similarity, knowledge of the client's culture and adaptation of skills
C)​Self-awareness, dynamics of difference, knowledge of the client's culture, adaptation of skills, beliefs and attitudes
D)​Dynamics of difference, knowledge of the client's culture, adaptation of skills, beliefs and attitudes, and self-explanation

Question 24

What suggestion does Parham make for counselors dealing with African-American men?​

A)​To help African-American men develop self-awareness or self-knowledge
B)​To assist African-American men in developing a self-identity that underscores their ability to express themselves openly and freely
C)To discuss job training and child care
D)​Both A and B

Question 25

Bicultural refers to:​

A)speak only native language and observe traditions.
B)​speak both native language and English and may question traditions of the past.
C)are accepted by dominant society but also identify with tribal traditions and culture.
D)have generally embraced the dominant society.

Question 26

Among traditional Asian cultures, what is considered to be desirable help?​

A)​Giving advice and suggestions but avoiding confrontation and direct interpretation of motives and actions
B)​Giving direct interpretation of actions
C)​Being direct when discussing personal issues
D)​Doing most of the initial verbalization with an informal interactive approach

Question 27

What is the second largest racial minority group in America today?​

A)​African-Americans
B)​Asian
C)​Southeast Asian
D)​Hispanic

Question 28

Abnormal behavior is referred to by the World Health Organization as:​

A)​psychological disorders.
B)​mental health disorders.
C)​abnormal disorders.
D)mental disorders.

Question 29

Who suggests the use of several terms for identifying native groups such as Native American, Native Indigenous, and First Nations People?

A)​Ryan and Ryan
B)​Weaver
C)​Johnson, Swartz and Martin
D)​LaFromboise, Trimble and Mohatt

Question 30

What are some of the characteristics associated with African Americans and subsequent career counseling recommendations?

Question 31

The term "white" usually identifies a group of people who refer to themselves as "Americans" without any prefix.White Americans as a group are thought to be:​

A)individualistic as opposed to collectivistic.
B)​collectivistic.
C)individualistic and collectivistic.
D)​none of the above.

Question 32

The statement "Asian Americans perceive education as a means of upward mobility and are highly motivated to remove barriers that could limit them" is attributed to whom?

A)​Paniagua
B)​Sue and Okazaki
C)​Sue and Sue
D)​Pederson and colleagues

Question 33

Paniagua (2005) suggests which relevant counseling procedures for African-Americans?​

A)​Discuss racial differences such as asking how the client feels about working with a white counselor
B)​Avoid offering causal explanations of problems
C)​Both A and B
D)​None of the above

Question 34

Describe cultural differences in work-related values as reported by Hoftstede (1984).

Question 35

What is the largest minority group in America?​

A)​African-Americans
B)​Asian
C)​Hispanic (Latinos/as) Americans
D)​Southeast Asian

Question 36

Zaharlick (2000) discusses which of the following values with regard to Southeastern Asian women?

A)​They feel a strong devotion to their children and to family continuity
B)​They strive to avoid actions that would bring shame to the family
C)​They strongly embrace self-control
D)​All of the above

Question 37

According to Matsumoto and Juang (2004), the _____ approaches cultural differences by being willing to learn more about cultural influences and ready to resolve negative emotions.

A)​vindicator
B)​stereotype
C)​voyager
D)​individual

Question 38

What common background variable is given for Hispanic American women, even though they have migrated from many different countries?​

A)​Religion preference
B)​Health
C)​Skills
D)​Education

Question 39

Which statement is not congruent with the strategies designed to help Native American men maintain their cultural heritage while introducing concepts of career development of the dominant society?​

A)​Use parents and relatives as counseling facilitators
B)​Use other minority group counselors
C)​Use Native American role models; Native Americans should react more favorably to other Native Americans
D)​Emphasize individual potential in the context of future goals

Question 40

In a study of anxiety disorders, who found similar rates of panic among ethnic groups in the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, New Zealand, Italy, Korea and Taiwan, giving support to the position of universality?​

A)​McCrae and Costa
B)​Matsumoto and Juang
C)​Horwath and Weissman
D)​Barlow and Duran

Question 41

Define the difference between conversational distances amongst European Americans and Latino's.

Question 42

Describe ways in which personal space and privacy are cultural issues.

Question 43

Describe the ways of becoming an effective counselor.

Question 44

Jon is a Native American man seeking counseling.Indicate a helpful strategy that could be used during his counseling process.

Question 45

Name the second largest racial minority group.Identify the reason why this group is the second largest racial minority group.

Question 46

Discuss the stereotype Asian Americans are considered excellent in and what they Asian's are lacking.

Question 47

Provide three reason Asian Americans rely on natural healing instead of counseling.

Question 48

Discuss the differences between anxiety and depression.

Question 49

Why is culture so important to career counseling?

Question 50

In your own words, what is culture?

Question 51

According to Sue (1978), what characteristics are necessary to be a culturally effective counselor?

Question 52

Give an explanation why government agencies group individuals by culture.

Question 53

What are some of the special needs of immigrants?

Question 54

Compare and contrast the difference between the terms etic and emic.

Question 55

What are characteristics of culturally competent counselors?

Question 56

Describe effective communication skills for cultural counselors.

Question 57

Explain career counseling intentions for different ethnic groups.