Deck 10: Gender Issues and Dual Careers

Question 1

The tendency to argue about such issues as work schedules, vacation schedules and child care commitments may be an indirect way of addressing what issue?​

A)​Decision making
B)​Competition
C)​Equity
D)​Life goals

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which influential social movements that culminated in the 1970s brought a large number of women back to the workforce?​

A)The second wave of the women's movement​
B)​The civil rights movement
C)​Anti-Vietnam War protests
D)​All of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Women have made significant progress in which of the following?

A)​As engineers
B)​Obtaining medical degrees
C)​As chief executives
D)​As child care workers

Answer 3

B

Question 4

According to Silberstein (1992) and Goldenberg and Goldenberg (2008), who receives the major benefits from geographical relocation for work purposes?​

A)​Both husband and wife
B)​The husband
C)​The wife
D)​Neither husband nor wife

Question 5

In the early 1990s, who suggested that men are conditioned to perceive career success and achievement as primary measurements of manhood and masculinity?​

A)​Friedman and Rosenman
B)​Muchinsky
C)​Russo, Kelly and Deacon
D)​Strube

Question 6

Describe how women's developmental patterns differ from men's.

Question 7

Briefly discuss how fear of femininity affects men's career development.

Question 8

Compare characteristics of African American and Asian American men and identify related career counseling implications.

Question 9

Who suggests that researchers should address the position that men and women are more similar than different?​

A)​Galliano
B)​Brammer
C)​Martin and Ruble
D)​Kail and Cavanaugh

Question 10

According to Eagly, Karau and Makhijani (1995), when is bias against women most prevalent in the workplace?​

A)​When their competence is evaluated in traditional feminine roles
B)​When there are faulty conceptions
C)​When they attempt to assume leadership roles, and so the glass ceiling remains in place in corporate America
D)​When their competence is evaluated in traditional masculine roles

Question 11

What issues might be discussed with a dual career or dual earner couple?

Question 12

Choose the inaccurate statement applying to role conflict.

A)​The necessity of cooperation and willingness and the belief that men should share responsibility of child care and household tasks minimize the chances of role conflict
B)​Role conflict in a dual-career family comprises the conflict between family roles and work roles
C)​Role conflict decreases when the husband or both husband and wife believe that men should continue to fulfill the traditional role of family breadwinner
D)​Role conflict is generally thought of as a system of competing demands from different roles

Question 13

What significant contributing factor in the late 18th century affected the division of labor by gender?​

A)​Socialism
B)​Capitalism
C)​War
D)​Industrial Revolution

Question 14

A significant obstacle in the workplace that needs to be removed to promote shared work roles is:​

A)gender stereotyping.
B)​cognitive and behavioral issues.
C)poor self-concept.​
D)​equalization of job opportunities.

Question 15

What is meant by gender stereotypes?​

A)​Beliefs that one holds about the characteristics and traits of women and men
B)​What one perceives as appropriate roles for women and men, whether they are accurate or not
C)​Both A and B
D)​None of the above

Question 16

Which of the following is associated with intense competition in both women and men?

A)​Job satisfaction
B)​Increased collaboration with other workers
C)​Increased work anxiety
D)​Increased honesty with colleagues

Question 17

Families in which both parents work are referred to as either _____ or _____ households.

A)​Dual-career, dual-earner
B)​Share-career, share-earner
C)​Dual-worker, dual-earner
D)​Dual-career, share-earner

Question 18

The fear of being perceived as unmanly makes many men resist being open, honest and expressive.This is referred to by what term?​

A)​Expressive emotionality
B)​Constricting emotionality
C)​Restrictive emotionality
D)​Open emotionality

Question 19

The fear men have of being considered feminine and openly expressive is attributed to what?​

A)​Industrialization
B)​Gender role socialization
C)​Admission of vulnerability
D)​Communication

Question 20

Identify and briefly discuss some of the issues facing dual career families.

Question 21

Briefly discuss some of the current specific career issues women face.

Question 22

In a study of university students, who found that young women and men reared in dual-career families were highly committed to a role-sharing marriage?​

A)​Goldenberg and Goldenberg
B)​Silberstein
C)​Rapoport and Rapoport
D)​Gilbert

Question 23

Who maintained that women have lower career aspirations than men and take longer to choose a career path and that men advance faster, further and earn more pay than women?​

A)​Phillips and Imhoff
B)​Wajcman
C)​Matlin
D)​Anderson and Vandehey

Question 24

In the late 1980s, who developed a model designed to delegate household tasks based on interests, aptitudes and time available?​

A)​Klinger
B)​Kail and Cavanaugh
C)​Goldenberg and Goldenberg
D)​Dancer and Gilbert

Question 25

Attention given to sexual harassment was dramatically increased in the 1990s by which event or events?​

A)​The 1991 Senate hearings involving Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas and his accuser, Anita Hill
B)​There was a decline in attention given to sexual harassment in the 1990s
C)​The U.S.Navy Tailhook scandal involving the mistreatment of women by U.S.Navy personnel
D)​Both A and C

Question 26

Role conflicts experienced by dual career families most often involve:

A)​Family and work roles
B)​Spousal and leisure role
C)​Leisure and work roles
D)​Parental and spousal roles

Question 27

Flexible work policies designed to help parents include which of the following?

A)​Telephone access is an organization's policy that permits parents to make personal calls to their children or receive them
B)​Flexitime permits parents to choose arrival and departure times within a set range
C)​Flexible work arrangements permit part-time work, job sharing, flex-place work (part of the day at home and part at the office), or telecommuting (work from home or satellite office)
D)​All of the above

Question 28

Dual career families are more likely to:

A)​Have more stereotypical attitudes
B)​Have high levels of depression
C)​Experience less stereotypical behaviors
D)​Have three or more children

Question 29

What facilities are offered by organizations recognizing the need to provide for child care?​

A)​Discounts: Organizations arrange for a discount from national day care chains or pay a small portion of the fees
B)​Flexible benefits: Money paid to day care centers is deducted from each employee's salary; thus, it is not considered taxable income
C)​Emergency care: Companies provide temporary care when employees' regular arrangements fail
D)​All of the above

Question 30

A major goal is to provide a workplace where women and men can effectively work together.One outstanding factor that has long been a barrier to a fair and balanced work climate is:

A)​A severe recession
B)​The global job market
C)​Gender stereotyping
D)​Poor management

Question 31

How does fear of femininity impact men's career development?

Question 32

Shared care-giving fathers:

A)​Become more interested in household duties
B)​Are never resentful of household tasks
C)​Experience enhanced father-child relationships
D)​Are generally accepted and given approval by other men

Question 33

The belief that women should be traditionally feminine and men are to be traditionally masculine promotes:

A)​Income equality
B)​The belief that women should also have a career
C)​Equality
D)​Gender stereotypical thinking

Question 34

What standard was applied as the appropriate legal criterion for determining whether sexual harassment had occurred?​

A)​The "reasonable employee" standard
B)​The "reasonable woman" standard
C)​The "reasonable employer" standard
D)​The "reasonable man" standard

Question 35

A husband is an electrical engineer and his wife is a physician.Thus, they fit which of the following family categories?

A)​Dual career
B)​Dual wage owner
C)​Dual earner
D)​Nontraditional

Question 36

What barriers still remain for women embarking on a career path beyond the traditional feminine working roles of the past?

A)​The bias associated with gender stereotypes in the working world still exists
B)​The woman who gives her career development equal status with her husband's will find acceptance of her role personally challenging, with little support from many men and women
C)​There are no barriers
D)​Both A and B

Question 37

O'Neil (1982) summarized femininity as being associated with which of the following?

A)​Weak, frail, submissive and unassertive behavior, victimized by others who have more power and are ready to use it exploitatively, limited bodily resources to sustain a persistent effort toward valued goals
B)​Logical and analytical thought, intellectual competence, understanding of how things work
C)​Building a nest, taking care of needs of husband and children
D)​Both A and C

Question 38

O'Neil (1982) summarized the roles that remain relevant today associated with masculine/feminine polarity and associated masculinity with which of the following?

A)​Achievement, ambition, success at work, getting ahead, earning one's fortune for the sake of self and family
B)​Power, exercising control over others, (being recognized as) a person of strong will, a leader who "gets things done"
C)​Emotions, intuition, likelihood of making decisions on the basis of feelings rather than careful analysis
D)​Both A and B

Question 39

Studies dealing with the effects of competition in the workplace indicate that:

A)​Men validate their masculinity in competition in the workplace
B)​Women are more competitive than men
C)​Women are mildly competitive
D)Men are not socialized to be competitive

Question 40

Choose the correct statement.

A)​Most researchers seem to agree that gender development is a continuing process during the life span
B)​Gender development stops when you graduate from high school, tech school or college or even when and if you get married
C)​Gender development is a continual process in which behavior is modified and reinforced by contextual and situational factors one experiences
D)​Both A and C