Deck 12: Late Adulthood

Question 1

Many older adults in Western countries encounter prejudice and discrimination based on age.What is this called?

A)sexism
B)ageism
C)racism
D)classism

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Increased social welfare and health entitlements during the 1960s and 1970s have now made older adults __________.

A)independent and powerful
B)dependent on social programs
C)the wealthiest segment of developed countries
D)the least wealthy segment of developed countries

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In recent advertisements the depiction of older adults as adventurous, active, and intelligent may be due to __________.

A)their increased use of the internet
B)increased respect by the younger generations
C)the increased number of older adults leading advertisement agencies
D)their increasing economic power

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What type of professional spends the bulk of the workday researching all aspects of aging, including functional age, biological age, and the kinds of activities of daily living (ADLs) that are appropriate for any given age during late adulthood?
B)evolutionary psychologist
C)gerontologist
D)cardiologist

Question 5

A social psychologist is conducting a study in which participants are presented with a scenario in one of two ways.The first group is told a 27-year-old has lost his keys while a second group is told a 72-year-old has lost his keys.Which statement typifies participants' responses to a question about why the person lost his keys?

A)The 27-year-old "had a lot on his mind" whereas the 72-year-old is "losing his mind."
B)Both the 27-year-old and the 72-year-old had a lot on their minds.
C)The 27-year-old is "losing his mind" whereas the 72-year-old "has a lot on his mind."
D)Both the 27-year-old and the 72-year-old are losing their minds.

Question 6

Your 94-year-old great-grandmother is having with bathing, dressing, food preparation and eating, housekeeping, and paying bills.Your family is considering getting some professional nursing care for her.During the interview with the nursing care provider, the nurse asks what your great-grandmother's major concerns are.What would you tell the nurse?

A)activities of daily living
B)self-care activities
C)grooming behavior
D)adult activities

Question 7

What to developmental psychologists call adults ages 75 to 84?

A)old
B)young-old
C)old-old
D)oldest-old

Question 8

Countries with a birth rate that is below 2.1 children per woman __________.

A)will see a decline in their total population
B)will see an increase in their total population
C)will see a leveling off in their total population
D)are unable to predict population values

Question 9

What is the age that indicates the actual competence and performance of older adults and may be higher or lower than chronological age?

A)biological age
B)physical age
C)social age
D)functional age

Question 10

Developmentalists divide late adulthood into three separate categories because the three groups vary widely in their functioning.Which group is at the highest risk for social isolation?

A)old
B)young-old
C)old-old
D)oldest-old

Question 11

Adults' daily requirements, such as bathing, dressing, food preparation and eating, housekeeping, and paying bills, are called __________.

A)activities of daily living
B)activities of the elderly
C)daily requirements of living
D)independent living requirements

Question 12

According to developmental psychologists, late adulthood begins at the age of __________.

A)55
B)60
C)65
D)70

Question 13

Peter is celebrating his 92nd birthday with a cruise to the Bahamas.In what category do developmental psychologists place Peter?

A)old
B)young-old
C)old-old
D)oldest-old

Question 14

Four friends from across the world have gathered in Rome to celebrate the 85th birthday of their American friend Max.Attendees include Dmitri, a 73-year-old Russian, 75-year-old Giorgio from Tuscany, and 80-year-old Lethabo from South Africa.Based on information in your textbook, who is most likely to have an impairment with activities of daily living?

A)Max
B)Dmitri
C)Giorgio
D)Lethabo

Question 15

You are speaking with your 67-year-old grandfather, who is jokingly telling you that he is about as old as one can get.Remembering your developmental class, what do you know about his age in reference to the life span? He is actually in the __________.

A)young-old group
B)old-old group
C)middle-old group
D)oldest-old group

Question 16

Which country shows reverence and respect for its older adult population with an annual national holiday called Respect for the Aged Day?

A)the United States
B)Denmark
C)Japan
D)Mexico

Question 17

Martha applies for a managerial position at the local bank.Although she has 35 years of experience and great references, she is denied the job.She learns later that the bank hired a much less-qualified, less-experienced applicant who is 25 years younger.Martha believes she is a victim of __________.

A)sexism
B)stereotyping
C)ageism
D)racism

Question 18

Your grandfather is joking that there are going to be more people older than 60 than there will be people under 15 soon.He says that there will not be enough people working to cover the costs of Social Security.By what year will people older than 60 outnumber those under age 15?

A)2020
B)2030
C)2040
D)2050

Question 19

Individuals in late adulthood are more likely to have high status in cultures in which __________.

A)older adults are quite virile
B)extended families are common
C)older adult men have very young wives
D)older adult women head families

Question 20

In Asian cultures, the tradition of filial piety involves __________.

A)obedience and respect to parents, no matter how old the children are
B)honor and trust to everyone in the family
C)loyalty to the laws and codes of society
D)commitment to one's family and their village

Question 21

Which country currently has an OADR of 44%, which, by 2050, is expected to nearly double to 74%?

A)the United States
B)China
C)Japan
D)Germany

Question 22

Many people develop "age spots," or pools of dark pigment on the skin that are due to the accumulation of __________.

A)decades of exposure to the sun
B)an overabundance of calcium
C)low levels of iron
D)undue stress and anxiety

Question 23

Your grandmother is 87 years old and she has remarked to you that nearly all of her friends are women.She told you that it is rare to see a man older than age 85.She is correct because, after age 85, for every 100 men, there are __________.

A)678 women
B)452 women
C)200 women
D)113 women

Question 24

What condition occurs as a result of a progressive thickening of the lens, causing vision to become cloudy, opaque, and distorted?

A)a cataract
B)macular degeneration
C)glaucoma
D)tinnitus

Question 25

When teeth lose their enamel and become yellower due to the accumulated effects of food, tea, coffee, and tobacco, what type of aging is occurring?

A)primary aging
B)secondary aging
C)tertiary aging
D)vertical aging

Question 26

__________ is the inevitable biological aging that takes place in all members of the human species, as it takes place in all living organisms, whereas __________ is the decline in physical functioning that takes place due to lifestyle behaviors such as unhealthy diet, insufficient exercise, and substance use, as well as environmental influences such as pollution.

A)Tertiary aging; vertical aging
B)Vertical aging; tertiary aging
C)Primary aging; secondary aging
D)Secondary aging; primary aging

Question 27

What percentage of Americans older than 75 have lost all of their natural teeth?

A)5%
B)14%
C)25%
D)31%

Question 28

What was the poverty rate for older adults in the United States in 2016?

A)9%
B)29%
C)49%
D)69%

Question 29

The following description is of an individual in the early stages of __________: "Hair continues to become grayer and thinner in both men and women....Bones continue to thin, especially in women, and the thinning of the bones contributes to a stooped posture."

A)early adulthood
B)young adulthood
C)middle adulthood
D)late adulthood

Question 30

The old-age dependency ratio (OADR) is calculated as __________.

A)the number of people ages 65 years or older, divided by the number of people ages 20 to 64, times 100
B)the number of people ages 20 to 64 years old, divided by the number of people ages 65 or older, times 100
C)the number of people ages 55 years or older, multiplied by the number of people ages 18 or older, times 50
D)the number of people ages 55 years or older, added to the number of people ages 21 or older, times 50

Question 31

In what condition is there a loss of clarity in the center of the visual field?

A)glaucoma
B)a cataract
C)tetanus
D)macular degeneration

Question 32

In the United States, which ethnic group has the lowest life expectancy?

A)Latinos
B)African Americans
C)Whites
D)Asian Americans

Question 33

In developed countries, what is the life expectancy of a person who is 65 years old?

A)5 to 15 additional years
B)15 to 25 additional years
C)25 to 35 additional years
D)35 to 45 additional years

Question 34

What percentage of older adults age 80 and older develop macular degeneration?

A)10%
B)15%
C)20%
D)25%

Question 35

Based on the most noticeable outward signs of aging, which description is the most accurate?

A)Darker skinned older adults develop lighter-colored age spots due to a loss of skin pigment.
B)The hair becomes more transparent in dark-skinned older adults compared to light-skinned older adults.
C)Stress creates more gray pigment to appear in aging women, but not in aging men.
D)Hair becomes thinner and grayer in both older men and older women.

Question 36

The number-one cause of blindness for those in developing countries is __________ because people in these countries __________.

A)cataracts; rarely have access to corrective surgery
B)macular degeneration; do not have access to medications used to treat it
C)glaucoma; smoke more cigarettes than those in developed countries
D)eye infection; eat a diet high in fatty foods

Question 37

Body weight decline, mainly from eating less due to changes in the hormones that regulate hunger, is considered a sign of __________.

A)primary aging
B)secondary aging
C)tertiary aging
D)vertical aging

Question 38

Your 5'8"-tall grandfather always jokes that he used to be 6'2." All of the other males in your family average about 5'10" tall.You know that he is not telling the truth about his original height, because even though men lose height after age 60, this loss is usually about __________.

A)1.0"
B)1.5"
C)2.0"
D)2.5"

Question 39

What is the most common visual impairment in late adulthood?

A)macular degeneration
B)cataracts
C)glaucoma
D)tinnitus

Question 40

Your neighbor is quite upset.She is 82 years old and has been having some serious vision problems.You have suggested quite a few times that she needs to see her doctor.She finally went and was told that she has cataracts.She feels like she is the only one her age that has this problem.What could you tell her regarding the percentage of adults her age that have cataracts?

A)90%
B)70%
C)60%
D)30%

Question 41

You are talking to your grandmother and you keep hearing a noise that is a little irritating to you, but your grandmother does not seem to be bothered by it.Why?

A)She is good at ignoring irritating things.
B)It is a high-pitched noise, so she probably does not hear it.
C)It is a low-pitched noise, so she probably does not hear it.
D)She lip-reads and does not hear any noises.

Question 42

Primary aging is the main cause of macular degeneration, but what increases the risk?

A)uncorrected vision
B)lack of exercise
C)eating fish and green leafy vegetables
D)smoking

Question 43

Because conversations are strenuous and stressful when a person experiences hearing loss, loss of hearing can lead to __________.

A)presbycusis
B)social withdrawal
C)thinning cilia
D)tinnitus

Question 44

Which of the following are correlating factors to sleep apnea?

A)obesity and heavy alcohol use
B)anemia and high levels of stress
C)a hyperactive central nervous system and low calcium levels
D)high exposure to sun and iron deficiencies

Question 45

Impairments in taste and smell in older adults can sometimes lead to __________.

A)obesity
B)alcoholism
C)malnutrition
D)excessive gum chewing

Question 46

Which statement best describes sleep changes during late adulthood?

A)With age, most people come to prefer an earlier bedtime as well as an earlier wake-up time.
B)With age, most people come to prefer a later bedtime as well as a later wake-up time.
C)With age, most people come to prefer an earlier bedtime and a later wake-up time.
D)With age, most people come to prefer a later bedtime and an earlier wake-up time.

Question 47

__________ is a sleep disorder in which breathing actually stops for 10 seconds or more numerous times in the course of a typical night, as the air passage to the lungs closes, resulting in a sudden loud snore as the airway opens again and the sleeper awakens.

A)Sleep apnea
B)Narcolepsy
C)Insomnia
D)Sleepwalking

Question 48

What condition involves hearing a ringing or buzzing sound with no external source?

A)tinnitus
B)glaucoma
C)a cataract
D)macular degeneration

Question 49

In adulthood, the prevalence of sleep problems begins to increase around age __________ but increases substantially again after age __________.

A)10; 30
B)20; 40
C)40; 60
D)60; 80

Question 50

About __________ of adults older than 80 report some degree of impairment in taste and smell.

A)one-third
B)one-half
C)two-thirds
D)three-fourths

Question 51

What is an especially common sleep problem of late adulthood, affecting more than half of persons 65 and older?

A)narcolepsy
B)sleep apnea
C)insomnia
D)snoring

Question 52

Other than natural aging, which of the following is a known to increase the risk for hearing loss?

A)smoking cigarettes
B)excess of calcium
C)exposure to sun
D)sleep deprivation

Question 53

Sleep apnea is __________.

A)substantially more common in men than among women
B)substantially more common in women than among men
C)slightly more common in men than among women
D)slightly more common in women than among men

Question 54

Roughly what percentage of older individuals report disabling hearing loss by their mid-70s?

A)25%
B)50%
C)75%
D)95%

Question 55

In late adulthood, the amount of time spent in Stage 1, the lightest sleep, __________, and time in the deepest sleep of Stage 4 and REM sleep __________.

A)increases; decreases
B)decreases; increases
C)remains the same; decreases
D)decreases; remains the same

Question 56

In some people, fluid builds up in the eye and the pressure damages the optic nerve, leading to loss of peripheral vision.What is the name of this condition?

A)glaucoma
B)a cataract
C)tetanus
D)macular degeneration

Question 57

Your grandmother, who is a smoker and has a heart murmur, has hearing aids and does not like them because they seem to amplify all types of sounds rather than just the ones she has a difficult time hearing.What is one of the things she could have done to reduce hearing impairment?

A)Eat fish and green, leafy vegetables.
B)Practice listening very carefully to conversations.
C)Stop smoking.
D)Turn down her mp3 player's volume.

Question 58

What has lessened the stigma associated with hearing aids?

A)They are less outwardly visible.
B)Celebrities use them.
C)They work so well.
D)They are a sign of maturity.

Question 59

From middle adulthood to late adulthood, the amount of sleep people need __________.

A)declines slightly
B)declines sharply
C)increases slightly
D)increases sharply

Question 60

After age 60, the olfactory bulbs in the brain begin to __________.

A)enlarge
B)shrivel
C)become cancerous
D)multiply

Question 61

Your grandfather is having quite a bit of sleeping.Your grandmother told you that he sometimes stops breathing for 10 seconds or longer several times during the course of a typical night.What is the most common treatment for this ?

A)prescription medications
B)alcohol prior to bedtime
C)sleeping in a chair
D)a continuous positive airway pressure device

Question 62

Why are women in developed countries who are older than 65 affected more by symptoms of arthritis than men are?

A)There are decreases in estrogen levels.
B)The reasons are unknown.
C)Testosterone reduces the likelihood of arthritis.
D)Arthritis is carried on the X-chromosome.

Question 63

During late adulthood, poor diets that are high in fat and sugars are related to __________.

A)obesity and cardiovascular disease
B)hypertension and jaundice
C)dementia and osteoporosis
D)diabetes and Alzheimer's

Question 64

Your 73-year-old uncle is obese and is afraid that he might have serious physical and medical difficulties as a result.Your advice is that he should lose weight because obesity raises the risk of cancer by a percentage of __________.

A)10%
B)30%
C)50%
D)70%

Question 65

Which of the following is one of the most common chronic health problems in late adulthood and is reported by __________ of adults in developed countries?

A)jaundice: 20%
B)arthritis; 50%
C)diabetes: 55%
D)macular degeneration; 60%

Question 66

A third common health problem of late adulthood is __________.What percentage of individuals in the United States older than 65 have this problem?

A)macular degeneration; 50%
B)chronic fatigue syndrome; 60%
C)hypertension; 70%
D)myasthenia gravis; 80%

Question 67

What is an increasingly common and routine treatment in developed countries for arthritis pain that occurs in the hip or knee?

A)artificial joint
B)aspirin
C)marijuana
D)a calcium-rich diet

Question 68

Which of the following are three lifestyle practices that are discussed in the text that have a positive influence on health?

A)health care and promotion, a healthy diet, and healthy exercise
B)cession of smoking, use of sunblock, and avoidance of environmental teratogens
C)health conscientiousness, a healthy community, and a healthy spirit
D)aging gracefully, mental soundness, and physical well-being

Question 69

What is the medical term for high blood pressure?

A)hypertension
B)arteriosclerosis
C)atherosclerosis
D)cardiovascular disease

Question 70

What type of exercise includes walking at a rapid pace, jogging, or pedaling a stationary bike and enhances the functioning of the respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive systems?

A)marathon running
B)agility
C)aerobic
D)strength training

Question 71

Osteoporosis occurs as a result of a steep __________.

A)decline in estrogen and is more prevalent in women
B)increase in estrogen and is more prevalent in women
C)decline in testosterone and is more prevalent in men
D)increase in testosterone and is more prevalent in men

Question 72

What type of exercise builds muscle and bone mass and promotes the functioning of the circulatory system?

A)marathon running
B)agility
C)aerobic
D)strength training

Question 73

What is a disease of the joints that especially affects the hips, knees, neck, hands, and lower back?

A)osteoporosis
B)jaundice
C)macular degeneration
D)arthritis

Question 74

Several aspects of aging in late adulthood contribute to sleep disturbances.For men, what leads to frequent urination and can disrupt sleep?

A)atrophy of the bladder
B)shrinkage of the urethra
C)slowing of the digestive system
D)enlargement of the prostate gland

Question 75

Eating a good diet is even more important in late adulthood than at earlier ages because it __________.

A)prevents cancer
B)decreases the likelihood of cardiovascular disease
C)slows down primary aging
D)provides energy boosts

Question 76

Each year brings significant advancements in medical care and medical treatments.What is true about these advancements in regard to older adults?

A)People are living longer but not necessarily healthier lives.
B)Because the OADR is decreasing for many countries, more people aged 20-64 are paying taxes into the system that funds health care for aging adults.
C)More advancements in medical care and treatments will result in significant increases in the number of adults over the age of 65 who work and add taxes to the cost of medical care.
D)Advancements cost money while adding more to the overall costs of treatment and many older adults do not have the access nor the funds necessary to take advantage of the advancements.

Question 77

What statement most accurately describes the diagnosis and prognosis for osteoporosis?

A)Men are at less risk of developing the osteoporosis, but their rates are about 1/4 the rates for women.
B)Osteoporosis can be delayed or even reversed with a combination of a calcium-rich diet and regular a weight-bearing exercise regime.
C)Rates of osteoporosis rise sharply within the year following menopause, but risk of diagnosis decreases significantly from that point forward.
D)Women with the diagnosis are at greater risk of falls and broken bones but are easily able to have hip and or other bone replacement surgery as needed.

Question 78

Approximately what proportion of women are affected by osteoporosis by the age of 90?

A)25%
B)40%
C)50%
D)70%

Question 79

Winona is in late adulthood and was diagnosed with a disease in which she is susceptible to major bone breakage if she falls.Winona most likely has which of the following diseases?

A)osteoporosis
B)jaundice
C)macular degeneration
D)arthritis

Question 80

What can enhance sleep for many older adults?

A)taking naps during the day
B)drinking alcohol before bedtime
C)eating spicy foods
D)regular exercise