Deck 13: Death and Afterlife Beliefs

Question 1

Your grandfather has been a heavy smoker for most of his adult life.During your visit with him today, he suddenly becomes weak, dizzy, and confused, has shortness of breath, and is feeling acute chest pain.What is your grandfather likely experiencing?

A)cardiovascular disease
B)a heart attack
C)angina pectoris
D)stress-induced fatigue

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In the course of the 20th century, medical advances resulted in a dramatic decline in the rate of death from infectious diseases-from more than 50% in the middle of the 19th century to what percentage today?

A)5%
B)10%
C)15%
D)20%

Answer 2

A

Question 3

During which time period are individuals most susceptible to heart disease, stroke, and cancer?

A)emerging and young adulthood
B)young and early adulthood
C)early and middle adulthood
D)middle and late adulthood

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Until the past century, people who survived into young adulthood and beyond were nevertheless susceptible to death from infection diseases such as __________.

A)diphtheria, tuberculosis, and smallpox
B)smallpox, HIV, and typhus
C)diphtheria, swine flu, and smallpox
D)mad cow disease, tuberculosis, typhus

Question 5

In developed countries, what percentage of people who experience a heart attack die before reaching the hospital?

A)90%
B)70%
C)50%
D)30%

Question 6

In developed countries, the leading cause of death for children under age 5 is/are __________.

A)abuse
B)malnutrition
C)infectious diseases
D)automobile accidents

Question 7

What is the leading cause of death among adults worldwide?

A)infectious diseases
B)accidents
C)heart disease
D)cancer

Question 8

If one wanted to combat the leading cause of death for children under the age of 5 in developing countries, he or she should develop a plan that addresses __________.

A)abuse and neglect
B)malnutrition and starvation
C)infectious diseases
D)death by accident

Question 9

What percentage of individuals who survive a heart attack die within a year of having the heart attack?

A)90%
B)70%
C)50%
D)30%

Question 10

Which of the following dramatically reduced death rates due to infectious diseases during the 20th century?

A)access to health care, health insurance, and better trained physicians
B)economic wealth, improvements in medicine, and the automobile
C)vaccinations, antibiotics, and better sanitation
D)better nutritional foods, vaccinations, and antibiotics

Question 11

Which condition has symptoms that include acute pain, weakness, dizziness, confusion, and shortness of breath?

A)cardiovascular disease
B)a heart attack
C)angina pectoris
D)stress-induced fatigue

Question 12

During adolescence, emerging adulthood, and young adulthood, the most common causes of death in developed countries are automobile accidents, __________, and suicide.

A)cancer
B)cardiovascular disease
C)homicide
D)infectious diseases

Question 13

In what condition do the arteries that supply the heart with blood become gradually narrower due to a buildup of plaque until it becomes severe enough to cut off the flow of blood, threatening health and life?

A)gastrointestinal disease
B)lung disease
C)cancer
D)heart disease

Question 14

Up until the past century, why was mortality so high in infancy and toddlerhood?

A)accidents
B)physical abuse
C)susceptibility to infectious diseases
D)malnutrition

Question 15

In the United States, which groups have the lowest rates of death from heart disease?

A)Native Americans and African Americans
B)Whites and Asian Americans
C)African Americans and Latinos
D)Latinos and Asian Americans

Question 16

Until the past century, young women frequently died in __________, whereas young men frequently died in __________.

A)wars; motor vehicle accidents
B)motor vehicle accidents; industrial accidents
C)the workforce; farm accidents
D)childbirth; wars

Question 17

As atherosclerosis becomes more severe, a person may experience such symptoms as severe pain in the chest, neck, and left arm, which is known as __________.

A)cardiovascular disease
B)a heart attack
C)angina pectoris
D)stress-induced fatigue

Question 18

Infectious diseases remain the primary cause of death for children under age 5 for which of the following continents?

A)Australia
B)Antarctica
C)Africa
D)South America

Question 19

In the United States, which group has the highest rates of death from heart disease?

A)Asian Americans
B)Whites
C)African Americans
D)Latinos

Question 20

At 4:30
A)arthritis

A)m.Matthew awakens, experiencing pain that is radiating from his chest toward his left arm.At first he thinks that it is just sore muscles; however, the pain progressively gets worse, to a point where it is unbearable and he calls for an ambulance.Which of the following best describes Matthew's pain?
B)oncogenes
C)atherosclerosis
D)angina pectoris

Question 21

What type of genes stop the activity of the genes that previously functioned normally but now produce abnormal cell duplication?

A)stability genes
B)oncogenes
C)tumor suppressor genes
D)cancer genes

Question 22

What type of genes repair mistakes in DNA replication during cell replacement?

A)stability genes
B)oncogenes
C)tumor suppressor genes
D)cancer genes

Question 23

As compared to the 1950s, fewer Americans smoke cigarettes, and this has led to a dramatic decrease in heart disease.Since the 1950s, the rates of death from heart disease has decreased by __________.

A)one-eighth
B)one-quarter
C)two-thirds
D)one-half

Question 24

The intrinsic limit to the number of times cells can replicate themselves is referred to as the __________.

A)mitochondrial multiplication
B)cellular clock
C)DNA limit
D)replication factor

Question 25

You have a friend who always says, "You cannot legislate healthy living." You think that this is not true and point to the relationship between state-wide smoking bans and rates of heart attacks as evidence.After a state or country bans smoking in public places, rates of heart attacks decline by what percentage within the first year after the ban?

A)5%, so your friend is correct, legislation has little effect on healthy outcomes
B)10%, so your friend is correct, legislation has little effect on healthy outcomes
C)30%, so you are correct, legislation can lead to significant positive health outcomes
D)50%, so you are correct, legislation can lead to significant positive health outcomes

Question 26

Which of the following are three factors cited in the text that contribute to heart disease?

A)diabetes, smoking, and regular exercise
B)obesity, cancer, and working in environments that are high in carcinogens
C)smoking, diabetes, and industrial and environmental pollutants
D)diets that are high in fats and sugars, smoking, and obesity

Question 27

What is the key reason for the percentage of change in rates of death from heart disease from 1950 to today?

A)reduction in obesity
B)declines in smoking
C)increased exercise
D)more individuals have health insurance

Question 28

The condition in which a blood clot blocks the flow of blood in the brain, disrupting cognitive and physical functioning, and, if left untreated, can result in brain damage or death, is known as __________.

A)heart attack
B)stroke
C)aneurysm
D)cancer

Question 29

Cancer is more common in men because men are more likely to __________.

A)engage in high-risk behaviors
B)smoke
C)be alcoholics
D)be obese

Question 30

How many deaths from cancer occur in persons who are age 65 and older?

A)25%
B)35%
C)65%
D)70%

Question 31

In an effort to contribute to heart health., the Mayo Clinic recommends __________.

A)eating red meat twice a week
B)drinking a glass of red wine 3 to 4 times a week
C)eating fish at least twice a week
D)taking a daily multivitamin

Question 32

What is the second most common cause of death among adults worldwide, with the exception of those living in the poorest countries?

A)heart attack
B)cancer
C)diabetes
D)stroke

Question 33

__________ is one of the main causes of stroke.

A)Smoking
B)Alcoholism
C)A high-fat diet
D)Strenuous exercise

Question 34

Your older brother is 28 years old and smokes.He claims that a lot of people smoke today.Is he accurate?

A)No, only 15% of American adults smoke.
B)No, only 28% of American adults smoke.
C)Yes, 48% of American adults smoke.
D)Yes, 58% of American adults smoke.

Question 35

Biologist Leonard Hayflick first discovered that cells can replicate themselves about how times before they lose their ability to replicate?

A)10
B)25
C)50
D)100

Question 36

Suicide is a common cause of death for persons older than __________in developed countries and is the leading cause of death for persons between ages 15 and 39 in __________.

A)65; the United States
B)70; Russia
C)80; Japan
D)85; China

Question 37

After the late 20s, which genes that previously functioned normally might produce abnormal cell duplication?

A)stability genes
B)oncogenes
C)tumor suppressor genes
D)cancer genes

Question 38

Your Uncle Bruce has a family history of heart disease.Which of the following recommendations can you make that will help him lower his risk?

A)maintain a diet that is low in fats and sugars, and quit smoking
B)maintain a diet that is high in vitamin C and folic acid, and exercise regularly
C)maintain a diet that is low in calcium and vitamin B1, and quit smoking
D)maintain a diet that is high in fluoride and iodine, and exercise regularly

Question 39

What is one of the major cultural reasons that there are differences in rates of death from heart disease among ethnic groups in the United States?

A)diet
B)exercise
C)sedentary employment
D)lack of health insurance

Question 40

The symptoms of cancer in late adulthood are often misdiagnosed as indicators of depression, __________, or primary aging.

A)anxiety
B)insomnia
C)dementia
D)gastrointestinal sensitivity

Question 41

Philip was watching a television show in which a doctor promoted reducing caloric intake as a means to increase longevity.The physician stated that if an individual reduced caloric intake by 30% to 50%, he or she might increase his or her life span by 50%.As discussed in the textbook, and related to this scenario, which of the following best describes the topic?

A)a calorie-limited consumption diet
B)a calorie-restricted diet
C)a calorie miser diet
D)a negative calorie diet

Question 42

DHEA is a hormone involved in muscle growth, bone density, and the functioning of the cardiovascular system.DHEA production increases until about age 30 and then decreases.The level of DHEA at age 80 is about what percentage of what it was at age 30?

A)5%
B)15%
C)25%
D)35%

Question 43

Which statement is the primary reason that most individuals in developing countries die at home?

A)Very few people have access to hospitals or clinics.
B)For most, it is against their religious beliefs to die outside of their village.
C)Very few people have the desire to be cared for by strangers.
D)Most individuals cannot afford professional medical care.

Question 44

Most people in developed countries would prefer to die at home; however, according to the textbook, only about what percentage die at home?

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%

Question 45

With each cell replication, telomeres become slightly __________, and eventually replication cannot occur.

A)rounder
B)flatter
C)longer
D)shorter

Question 46

High doses of antioxidant drugs have been shown to __________.

A)enhance physical functioning
B)cause premature aging
C)enhance cognitive functioning
D)increase flexibility

Question 47

In a wide variety of animal species, decreasing caloric intake by what percentage results in an increase in life span of up to 50%?

A)5% to 10%
B)10% to 30%
C)30% to 50%
D)50% to 70%

Question 48

Experimental studies in which animals and humans receive supplements of __________ have been shown to increase muscle mass and bone density, reduce fat, and increase activity levels.

A)antidepressants
B)vitamin C and B12
C)collagen injections
D)human growth hormone

Question 49

Your grandfather has terminal cancer and is likely to die in the next 2 months.Your grandmother is planning on taking care of your grandfather at home with no additional help, other than the occasional assistance of family members.Your mother is concerned about the burden this places on your grandmother.You tell your mother that your grandmother __________.

A)is likely to have high stress levels up to a year after your grandfather's death
B)will have very low stress levels as a function of your grandfather dying at home
C)can handle the care of your grandfather and she will have less stress as a result
D)will be glad that your grandfather did not die in a hospital potentially by himself

Question 50

In developed countries, where do 40% of deaths occur?

A)nursing homes and homes
B)home and work
C)assisted living facilities and hospitals
D)hospitals and home

Question 51

Your 32-year-old brother has decided to reduce his caloric intake to improve his health.Research by Fontana et al.(2004) has determined that he is likely to benefit in what ways?

A)better cardiovascular functioning and lower blood pressure
B)low risks of cancer and infectious diseases
C)lower probability of obesity and stroke
D)longer life span and less risk of dementia

Question 52

For most of human history, where has death most commonly occurred?

A)in a communal area at the outskirts of a residential area
B)at a hospital
C)at home
D)in a quarantined area

Question 53

Shortened telomeres of cells have been found to be associated with a wide range of diseases, including __________.

A)hypertension
B)Alzheimer's disease
C)cancer
D)diabetes

Question 54

In developed countries, most individuals die at __________, whereas in developing countries most individuals die at __________.

A)a hospital; home
B)home; a hospital
C)hospice care; a nursing home
D)a nursing home; hospice care

Question 55

What part of the chromosome is thought to be the location where cells lose their ability to replicate?

A)telomeres
B)free radicals
C)antioxidants
D)atherosclerosis

Question 56

What absorbs the extra electron in the free radicals and thereby prevents them from damaging cells?

A)antioxidants
B)anticellulars
C)antisocials
D)antiradicals

Question 57

As they drift about the cell in their unstable state, which molecules cause damage to the DNA and other structures the cell needs to function?

A)liberated radicals
B)gratis radicals
C)rogue radicals
D)free radicals

Question 58

Your aunt has been using a substance that has yielded increased muscle mass and bone density, reduced fat, and increased activity levels.What is this substance?

A)estrogen
B)progesterone
C)human growth hormone
D)testosterone

Question 59

Fruits and vegetables that contain beta carotene and vitamins E and C are recommended because they are high in what substances?

A)antioxidants
B)anticellulars
C)antisocials
D)antiradicals

Question 60

Which of the following are known side effects of the prolonged use of human growth hormone?

A)thinning of hair, hearing impairment, and loss of visual acuity
B)growth of excess hair, liver damage, and abnormal growth of hands
C)thinning of hair, scoliosis, and jaundice
D)growth of sores on the skin, nearsightedness, and eczema

Question 61

Your grandmother fell and broke her hip.She has been in the hospital for a week and a half.She now has pneumonia, and her body is failing quickly.If your grandmother and her doctor are like most physicians and their patients, in terms of your grandmother's prospects for recovery, she and her doctor have __________.

A)not discussed the probability that she might die
B)had several long discussions about the likelihood of her death
C)had several long discussions about the type of end-of-life care that she should have
D)prayed together about her care

Question 62

What type of care focuses on relieving the patient's pain and suffering and providing care in a way that allows the person to die with dignity?

A)palliative care
B)hospital care
C)home nursing care
D)narco-intervention care

Question 63

What type of care involves ceasing medical interventions that would prolong a person's life?

A)passive euthanasia
B)active euthanasia
C)active palliative care
D)passive palliative care

Question 64

What program aims to address not just medical issues but also the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs of individuals who are dying and their families?

A)home nursing care
B)hospital care
C)hospice
D)hospital cancer centers

Question 65

You are an African American and your 89-year-old grandmother is dying of lung cancer.Your family decides to use hospice care.Is the choice of hospice care unusual?

A)No.Nearly 64% of African Americans use hospice care.
B)Yes, somewhat since only 34% of African Americans use hospice care.
C)No.Approximately 46% of African Americans use hospice care.
D)Yes.Only 28% of African Americans use hospice care.

Question 66

What are the differences between individuals who provide care for a dying person at home by themselves compared to individuals who also have hospice support? Two years later, caregiving family members who also had hospice care had __________.

A)considerably more money
B)better psychological functioning
C)post-traumatic stress
D)severe feelings of guilt

Question 67

What percentage of Asian Americans receive hospice care?

A)46%
B)37%
C)34%
D)28%

Question 68

Where does hospice care commonly occur?

A)in a hospital
B)in a cancer center
C)at home
D)in a nursing home

Question 69

What term is used to describe a situation in which medication is used to relieve the pain of dying patients, even to the point that it causes death?

A)active euthanasia
B)passive euthanasia
C)terminal sedation
D)medication error

Question 70

In virtually all countries, what type of end-of-life care is not legal?

A)active euthanasia
B)passive euthanasia
C)palliative care
D)hospice care

Question 71

Your 32-year-old cousin has terminal cancer.He has been in the hospital and will be there until he dies, which is imminent.How does your family feel about his care while he has been in the hospital? Because the focus of medical personnel is on the technology and medications your cousin needs, rather than his emotional or social needs, your family is likely to __________.

A)be very happy with his care
B)feel that the care is impersonal and dehumanizing
C)feel that the hospital staff is not trained in current cancer treatments
D)be very dissatisfied with his care and feel that they wish he would die soon

Question 72

There are two types of euthanasia: __________ involves ceasing medical interventions that would prolong a person's life, whereas __________ involves not just ceasing treatment but also taking steps to hasten death.

A)voluntary euthanasia; involuntary euthanasia
B)involuntary euthanasia; voluntary euthanasia
C)passive euthanasia; active euthanasia
D)active euthanasia; passive euthanasia

Question 73

What means "good death" and is the term for the practice of ending the life of a person who is suffering from an incurable disease or severe disability?

A)hospice
B)palliation
C)thanatos
D)euthanasia

Question 74

What type of care involves not just ceasing medical interventions that would prolong a person's life but also taking steps that would hasten death?

A)passive euthanasia
B)active euthanasia
C)active palliative care
D)passive palliative care

Question 75

Hospice care has expanded greatly in recent years in developed countries because families respond to it much more favorably than what other type of care?

A)standard hospital care
B)care at cancer treatment centers
C)diet and herbal treatments
D)taking care of family members with home nursing care

Question 76

What is the position of the American Medical Association (AMA) on euthanasia?

A)The AMA supports active euthanasia and supports physicians' involvement in active euthanasia.
B)The AMA supports passive euthanasia but opposes physicians' involvement in active euthanasia.
C)The AMA supports passive euthanasia and supports physicians' involvement in active euthanasia.
D)The AMA opposes passive euthanasia and opposes physicians' involvement in active euthanasia.

Question 77

Despite the evidence of the advantages of the hospice approach, currently only about __________ of deaths in the United States involve a hospice program.

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%

Question 78

Your 32-year-old cousin is dying of terminal cancer.Although his hospital care has been extraordinarily good, his doctors have estimated that he has only 2 months of life left.All of the medical approaches have been exhausted, and your family has decided to pursue the __________ approach in an effort to make sure his emotional and spiritual needs are met, as well as to receive support themselves.

A)home nursing care
B)hospital care
C)hospice
D)hospital cancer centers

Question 79

Legislation in the Netherlands, the only developed country that allows assisted suicide, requires that doctors must first satisfy several conditions: the patient must express a desire to terminate his or her life, the patient's suffering is severe and unlikely to improve, other forms of care have been attempted, and a second doctor must be consulted to ensure that these conditions have been met.In an anonymous survey, what condition did doctors indicate that they frequently ignore?

A)the patient expressed a desire to terminate his or her life
B)the patient's suffering is severe and unlikely to improve
C)other forms of care have been attempted or refused
D)consulting a second physician to ensure that the conditions had been met

Question 80

Which of the following individuals is more likely to receive hospice care during the death process?

A)Fred, who was diagnosed with terminal cancer and is a White American
B)Sam, who was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and is an Asian American
C)Carry, who was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and is an African American
D)Starling, who was diagnosed with Huntington's disease and is a Native American