Deck 9: Emerging Adulthood

Question 1

What are the typical ages for emerging adulthood?

A)12 to 17 years
B)18 to 25 years
C)26 to 30 years
D)31 to 35 years

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is one explanation for the dramatic rise in the typical ages of entering marriage and parenthood today in developing countries?

A)participation in tertiary education
B)parents today discourage early marriage
C)fear of commitment and divorce
D)emerging adults cannot make decisions

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In American society, what age group moves from one residence to another the most frequently?

A)8- to 12-year-olds
B)13- to 18-year-olds
C)18- to 29-year-olds
D)30- to 35-year-olds

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What percentage of Americans move back into their parents' home at least once during emerging adulthood?

A)10%
B)30%
C)50%
D)70%

Question 5

Your 26-year-old brother finished college and is working and living by himself.You asked him how it feels to be on his own, and he told you he feels like __________.

A)an adult now
B)he is not quite an adult yet, but certainly not a kid
C)he is still an adolescent, but living alone
D)he is fearful of failure

Question 6

Which of the following best captures the characteristics of the age of identity explorations?

A)an understanding of one's multifaceted self, to possess instability in one's occupational field, to understand one's biological heritage, and to reflect on one's life with high integrity
B)an understanding of one's gender identity, to possess stability in one's career, to understand one's ethnic heritage and biological beginnings
C)an understanding of who one is, what one's capabilities and limitations are, what one's beliefs and values are, and how one fits into the society around that person
D)an understanding of who others are, what a person's temperament is, how the genetic lineage affects longevity, and to have a shaky global view

Question 7

What is required for emerging adulthood to exist?

A)a relatively high median age of entering marriage and parenthood
B)an economy that has high interest rates
C)a population that exceeds 150 million
D)a population in which there is a large ratio of males to females

Question 8

What is the best way to describe the occupational possibilities for young women today?

A)good, but there are still gender-specific occupations
B)about what it was in the 1960s
C)virtually unlimited
D)improving, but problematic

Question 9

The most distinctive characteristic of emerging adulthood is an age of __________.

A)identity explorations
B)instability
C)self-focusing
D)possibilities

Question 10

In the past, the transition to young adulthood occurred when people were married, became parents, and started stable work.Today, around what age does this happen for most people who live in developed countries?

A)20 years
B)25 years
C)30 years
D)35 years

Question 11

The life stage of emerging adulthood is more likely to be seen in which of the following countries?

A)Afghanistan, Chad, and Ethiopia
B)the United States, Europe, and Japan
C)South Africa, Papa New Guinea, and Cambodia
D)Zimbabwe, Liberia, and Brazil

Question 12

Which statement describes how emerging adults view self-sufficiency?

A)"Self-sufficiency is a permanent and necessary state of development."
B)"Self-sufficiency is a permanent and necessary state of development."
C)"Self-sufficiency leads to self-absorption and selfishness."
D)"Self-sufficiency is not a permanent state, but it is necessary for development."

Question 13

What are five characteristics that distinguish emerging adulthood from other age periods?

A)It is the age of identity explorations, instability, being self-focused, feeling in-between, and possibilities.
B)It is the age of stability, being other-focused, identity diffusion, feeling in-between, and stagnation.
C)It is the age of identity moratorium, stability, feeling marginalized, being self-focused, and developing a global worldview.
D)It is the age of instability, being other-focused, identity foreclosure, feeling marginalized, and possibilities.

Question 14

The experience of emerging adulthood is more likely to be a stage of life in __________, and absent in __________.

A)developed countries; rural developing countries
B)rural developing countries; developed countries
C)collective cultures; individualistic cultures
D)developed countries; urban developing countries

Question 15

You overhear your brother, who is 32, talking to his friends who are about the same age as he is.They are speaking about how they feel about adulthood.The consensus is that they __________.

A)still do not feel like adults
B)felt like adults when they were in their late teens
C)felt like adults when they were in their early 20s
D)felt like adults when they were in their late 20s

Question 16

In the United States, persons in which of the following time periods experience the greatest degree of residential change, or change in where a person lives?

A)childhood
B)emerging adulthood
C)middle adulthood
D)late adulthood

Question 17

Patrick is an emerging adult.For a time he lived with a group of friends from high school, then he moved back home with his parents, and now he has an apartment of his own.Which of the following characteristics of emerging adulthood best describes Patrick's situation?

A)age of identity explorations
B)age of possibility
C)age of instability
D)self-focused age

Question 18

The median age of marriage in most developed countries other than the United States is close to __________.

A)22 years
B)25 years
C)30 years
D)35 years

Question 19

When asked, "Do you feel that you have reached adulthood?," what do the majority of emerging adults respond?

A)Yes.
B)No.
C)In some ways.
D)I've felt like an adult for years.

Question 20

What is the median age of marriage in the United States?

A)21 years
B)24 years
C)28 years
D)30 years

Question 21

Your developmental class is having an interesting discussion about what it means to be an adult.Most of the class includes individuals who are emerging adults from Europe and the United States.The consensus is that the most important marker for adulthood is __________.

A)financial independence
B)when they are capable of supporting their parents financially
C)when people get married
D)when people start having children

Question 22

Which of the following regions of the world has the longest and most leisurely experience for emerging adulthood?

A)Australia
B)Europe
C)South America
D)Southeast Asia

Question 23

You are talking to your roommate, who is European, and you ask about when people in Europe expect to get married and start a family.Your roommate responds that the median age when people in most European countries enter marriage and parenthood is __________.

A)late teens
B)early 20s
C)around 30
D)after 35

Question 24

What is the ability of the body to take in oxygen and transport it to various organs?

A)aerobic ability
B)anaerobic ability
C)VO2 max
D)peak physical conditioning

Question 25

__________ is a pattern of sleeping far longer on weekends and holidays than on school or work days, which leads to poor academic and job performance.

A)A phased advanced delay
B)Insomnia
C)Hypersomnia
D)Delayed sleep phase syndrome

Question 26

For most sports, the peak age of performance occurs during the __________.

A)teens
B)20s
C)30s
D)40s

Question 27

What are some of the future changes that are predicted to expand the pervasiveness of emerging adulthood around the world?

A)the decreasing rate of college graduation and increase in college debt
B)the rising median age of marriage and increased participation in tertiary education
C)the decrease in high school graduation rates and the increase in job displacement
D)the rising age of parenthood and decrease in home ownership

Question 28

Your developmental psychology class is having an interesting discussion about what it means to be an adult.Most of the class includes individuals who are emerging adults from various Asian countries.What is the consensus of your class? The most important marker for adulthood is __________.

A)financial independence
B)when they are capable of supporting their parents financially
C)when people get married
D)when people start having children

Question 29

Alexandra is considered an excellent university rower.She is at the pool every weekday morning at 5:30 for an hour swim, then on the water with her crew teammates for 2 hours, followed by classes for 3 hours, and on to the weight room for 2 hours.On weekends, Alexandra works at the athletes' fitness center.Alexandra's mother is concerned that her daughter's extraordinary schedule will result in a debilitating injury.What would you tell Alexandra's mother?

A)She is correct to be concerned, because Alexandra will eventually burn out and increase her risk of injury.
B)She should not worry, because Alexandra is at the age of peak physical functioning when her body is the healthiest and strongest.
C)She is correct to be concerned, because lifting weights more than twice a week places one at greater risk of injury.
D)She should not worry, because Alexandra likely has teammates and coaches to help pace her activities.

Question 30

Your roommate sleeps quite a bit during the late afternoon.According to research (Brown et al., 2002), college students are more than twice as likely as other adults to report __________.

A)taking naps
B)delayed sleep phase syndrome
C)insomnia
D)serious night terrors

Question 31

Which of the following emerging adults has a high degree of pressure to develop an identity that places an emphasis on obligation to parents and others?

A)Asian, due to the emphasis on collectivism
B)European, due to the emphasis on individualism
C)North American, due to the emphasis on individualism
D)Australian, due to the emphasis on collectivism

Question 32

What period of the life span is that of the least susceptibility to physical illnesses?

A)the teenage years
B)emerging adulthood
C)early adulthood
D)middle adulthood

Question 33

In the United States and Europe, the most important criterion for becoming an adult is __________, whereas in Asia it is __________.

A)financial independence; the capacity to support one's parents financially
B)the capacity to support one's parents financially; financial independence
C)emotional maturity; behavioral and cognitive majority
D)behavioral and cognitive maturity; emotional maturity

Question 34

Longitudinal studies in the United States and Finland have found that physical activity, sports participation, and exercise __________.

A)plateau from adolescence to late adulthood
B)plateau from emerging adulthood to late adulthood
C)increase from adolescence to emerging adulthood
D)decline from adolescence through emerging adulthood

Question 35

When your little sister, who is a freshman in college, comes home to visit, she sleeps all weekend.Why? She has accumulated __________.

A)a sleep debt
B)a sleeping disorder
C)an exhaustive sleep disorder
D)a very bad sleeping habit

Question 36

__________ reflects the ability of the body to take in oxygen and transport it to various organs.

A)Maximum oxygen uptake
B)Minimum oxygen absorption
C)Mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide
D)Microscopic oxygen use

Question 37

What are major health risks for emerging adults?

A)cardiovascular disease
B)diabetes
C)carelessness
D)automobile accidents and substance abuse

Question 38

Your 20-year-old brother is 5'10" tall.He claims that he is going to grow another 2 inches.Is this likely?

A)Yes, most people grow taller until bone growth completion occurs in the early 30s.
B)Yes, most people grow taller until bone growth completion occurs in the late 20s.
C)No, most people reach their maximum height in their late teens.
D)No, most people reach their maximum height by 15 years of age.

Question 39

Cardiac output peaks at age __________.

A)15
B)21
C)25
D)30

Question 40

The quantity of blood flow from the heart is referred to as __________.

A)cardiac volume
B)cardiac output
C)blood pressure
D)ventricular volume

Question 41

Sleep researchers have established that people vary in their morningness and eveningness.These preferences change with age due to __________.

A)testosterone levels
B)growth hormone levels
C)neurotransmitter levels
D)estrogen levels

Question 42

What are the restraints on behavior imposed by social obligations and relationships called?

A)social modification
B)social control
C)social pressure
D)social skills

Question 43

Which statement best explains why the United States has a higher rate of death for emerging adults from motor vehicle accidents than other Western countries?

A)Other countries have a higher minimum driving age and emerging adults have less access to automobiles.
B)Other countries have stronger drivers' education programs and emerging adults have fewer automobiles.
C)Other countries promote automobile responsibility at a very young age and have a higher minimum driving age.
D)Other countries have comprehensive mandatory drivers' education programs and require all drivers to prove that they are extremely skilled at handling an automobile.

Question 44

Young people are less likely than older drivers to wear seat belts.In serious car crashes, occupants not wearing seat belts are __________ likely to be killed and __________ as likely to be injured, compared with those wearing seat belts.

A)25% more; twice
B)twice as; three times
C)75% more; six times
D)half as; eight times

Question 45

Recent research reveals that young drivers are more likely than older drivers to combine __________ and driving.

A)alcohol
B)texting
C)illicit drugs
D)eating

Question 46

Which of the following are two major contributing factors to why young drivers have a greater incidence of accidents and deaths?

A)inexperience and risk-taking behaviors
B)difficult temperament and an inability to foresee future consequences
C)egocentrism and a lower degree of personal fables
D)hyperactivity and hormone imbalances

Question 47

Poor sleeping habits cause __________.

A)diabetes, a difficult temperament, and anxiety
B)hypertension, an insecure attachment, and concentration
C)a difficult attachment, emotional instability, and memory
D)deficits in attention, memory, and critical thinking

Question 48

A very large study (Roenneberg et al., 2007) of 55,00 Europeans from childhood through late adulthood found that eveningness peaked at about the ages of __________.

A)10 to 11 years
B)20 to 21 years
C)30 to 31 years
D)40 to 41 years

Question 49

Across developing countries, what is the leading cause of death during emerging adulthood?

A)cardiovascular disease
B)cancer
C)motor vehicle injuries
D)infections

Question 50

Which of the following individuals is more likely to drive at excess speeds, follow too closely to other vehicles, violate traffic signs and signals, and take more risks while driving a motorized vehicle?

A)Lucinda, who is in her late teens
B)Chen, who is in his early 20s
C)Nancy, who is in her early 30s
D)Derron, who is in his early 40s

Question 51

Which of the following is a leading cause of death for emerging adults in the United States?

A)motor vehicle injuries
B)cancer
C)suicide
D)accidental falls

Question 52

What is true about risk behaviors across the life span?

A)Risk behaviors are most common in early childhood.
B)Late childhood reflects the highest rate of risk behaviors.
C)Risk behaviors are more common in early adolescence than during other age periods.
D)Emerging adulthood is the time at which risk behaviors are the most common.

Question 53

Which of the following is one recommendation to promote positive sleep hygiene?

A)sedative use
B)watch television
C)limit caffeine intake
D)caffeinated green tea

Question 54

Drivers ages __________ involved in fatal accidents are more likely to have been __________ at the time of the accident than persons of any other age group.

A)16 to 19; texting
B)16 to 19; intoxicated
C)21 to 24; intoxicated
D)21 to 24; texting

Question 55

Your roommate usually tells you that she did great on her exam after studying all night.From your developmental psychology class, you know that __________.

A)students who pull all-nighters generally perform worse than their initial assessment
B)students who pull all-nighters generally perform about how they thought they would
C)students who pull all-nighters generally perform much better than their initial assessment
D)the data are equivocal so there really is no

Question 56

In the United States, young people ages __________ have the highest rates of automobile accidents, injuries, and fatalities of any age group.

A)16 to 24
B)18 to 28
C)20 to 30
D)22 to 32

Question 57

Based on personality characteristics, which individual is most likely to engage in risky behaviors while driving?

A)Roman, a soft-spoken and reserved college library student-assistant
B)Tish, an outgoing and talkative university sorority chapter officer
C)Penn, an aggressive college athlete and self-confessed adrenaline junkie
D)Helena, an assertive university journalism major

Question 58

Your roommate seems to have a bit of a problem with time management and ends up studying all night for an exam or writing a paper.Is this unusual behavior for a college student?

A)Yes, only 20% of college students ever pull an all-nighter.
B)Yes, only 40% of college students ever pull an all-nighter.
C)No, 60% of college students pull an all-nighter at least once.
D)No, 80% of college students pull all-nighters.

Question 59

What percentage of American college students report sleep problems such as falling asleep or insufficient sleep?

A)23%
B)33%
C)43%
D)53%

Question 60

You are very angry with your brother, who is in a fraternity in college.He confessed that he has driven several times during the past few months while he was intoxicated but insists that most of his friends do it, too.What percentage of college students report having driven intoxicated in the past year?

A)70%
B)50%
C)30%
D)10%

Question 61

Which of the following best explains the notion of propensity for deviance?

A)sufficient motivation
B)sufficient personality
C)sufficient opportunity
D)sufficient justification

Question 62

Adolescents and emerging adults have a high rate of __________, which in turn allows them to engage in deviant behaviors such as alcohol and marijuana use.

A)disregard for social norms
B)testosterone
C)unstructured socializing
D)antisocial tendencies

Question 63

What is the program in which young people obtain driving privileges gradually, contingent on a safe driving record?

A)safety sure licensing
B)graduated driver licensing
C)driver's education licensing
D)automobile knowledge and skills licensing

Question 64

Consuming five or more drinks in a row for men, and four in a row for women, is known as __________.

A)binge drinking
B)alcoholism
C)social drinking
D)risk-taking drinking

Question 65

Tomas experienced significant trauma at the age of 14 when his family lost their home and most of their community to a massive fire.Tomas's father and younger brother were severely burned, and Tomas is required to be a co-caretaker to both in order to help his mother while she works to sustain the family.Now 17 years old, Tomas maintains a 3.8 GPA, is optimistic, and serves as the captain of his tennis team, despite his challenges.Tomas's behavior demonstrates __________.

A)resilience
B)achievement
C)courage
D)resistance

Question 66

Keith is meeting his friends at the lake for a camping trip.He bought a case of beer but only plans to drink half of it on Friday night and the other half on Saturday night.By the end of Friday night, to Keith's surprise, he drank only seven beers, all of which after dinner while sitting by the campfire.From this scenario, Keith's drinking behavior is best described as __________.

A)binge drinking
B)social drinking
C)alcoholism
D)irresponsible drinking

Question 67

The ability to overcome adverse environmental circumstances and achieve healthy development despite those circumstances is __________.

A)resistance
B)resilience
C)determination
D)achievement

Question 68

Looking back on the days when you first started driving, what aspects, if any, of a graduated driver licensing program (GDL) would have made you a better/safer driver? Explain.

Question 69

Is emerging adulthood a universal period of human development? Why or why not?

Question 70

According to sociological theorists Wilson & Herrnstein (1985), deviance can be explained on the basis of __________.

A)propensity and opportunity
B)personality for and inability to control deviance
C)temperament for and social reinforcers for deviance
D)genetics for and an environmental upbringing for deviance

Question 71

Which term is used to describe behaviors such as riding around in cars for fun, going to parties, visiting friends informally, and going out with friends?

A)structured socialization
B)friendliness
C)social investment
D)unstructured socializing

Question 72

Developing resilience requires key __________, characteristics of young people that are related to lower likelihood of problems despite experiencing high-risk circumstances.

A)risk-adverse traits
B)commitment factors
C)personality traits
D)protective factors

Question 73

Which of the following demographics has the highest rate of alcohol use?

A)late teens who are enrolled in high school
B)late teens who are not enrolled in high school
C)emerging adults who are enrolled in college
D)emerging adults who are not enrolled in college

Question 74

Substance use of all kinds rises through the late teens and peaks in the __________, then __________.

A)early 20s; declines in the late 20s
B)early 20s; plateaus in the late 20s
C)early 30s; declines in the late 30s
D)early 30s; plateaus in the late 30s

Question 75

Your sister's roommate was recently married and now has a full-time job.Before that time, she partied a lot and was wild and engaged in quite a bit of risky behavior.Because of your sister's roommate's new role transition, she is engaging much less in __________.

A)antisocial aggressive reactions
B)delinquent behavior
C)structured socialization
D)unstructured socialization

Question 76

Your little brother is 22 and is pretty wild.Your family's biggest concern is that he seems to be involved in substance abuse.At what age is he likely to stop engaging in this type of risky behavior?

A)mid- to late 20s
B)early 30s
C)mid- to late 30s
D)early 40s

Question 77

In the United States and Europe, fatal automobile crashes, unintended pregnancies, criminal activity, and physical fights are all outcomes related to __________.

A)binge drinking
B)unemployment
C)growth hormone in adolescence
D)socioeconomic status

Question 78

Describe at least one sleep problem of emerging adults.In your answer, include who most of the participants have been in this research.

Question 79

Explain what your textbook authors mean in their description of emerging adulthood as a self-focused age.Include how it differs from the self-focus of adolescence.

Question 80

Which of the following are two interventions that can reduce the rate of automobile accidents and fatalities for young drivers?

A)law enforcement monitoring of young drivers
B)increased mandatory drivers' education and a period of restricted license driving
C)increased probationary time for a learner's permit and mandatory drivers' education
D)increased automobile safety and laws that require all occupants of a vehicle to wear a seat belt