Deck 10: Young Adulthood

Question 1

Which of the following markers of adulthood is similar to the beliefs of a collectivistic culture?

A)living independently in one's house or apartment
B)having graduated from high school and college
C)being financially independent and self-sufficient
D)being able to support one's parents financially

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Jefferson was late to work, was speeding, and was pulled over and given a ticket.Without too much fuss, he reluctantly paid the fine, knowing full well he should not have been speeding.Which of the following characteristics of adulthood most closely resembles Jefferson's attitude?

A)accepting responsibility for oneself
B)making independent decisions
C)becoming financially independent
D)possessing emotional stability

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In developed countries, how many young people believe that marriage is an important marker of the transition into adulthood?

A)very few
B)some
C)most
D)nearly all

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In a study by Davis and Davis (2007), young Moroccans ages 9 to 20 were asked how they knew they were grown up.What did they emphasize?

A)completion of formal education
B)character qualities such as self-control
C)the religious ceremony that marked adulthood
D)marriage

Question 5

A culture promoting individualism would emphasize the importance of __________.

A)family unity and societal cohesiveness
B)learning to stand alone as a self-sufficient person
C)altruistic behaviors and prosocial engagement
D)cooperative learning and group cohesion

Question 6

What is the similarity among the top three markers of adulthood in developing countries, across cultures, nations, age groups, ethnic groups, and social classes?

A)individualism
B)collectivism
C)service to others
D)interdependence

Question 7

In developed countries, where does marriage rank in surveys of possible criteria for adult status?

A)near the bottom
B)toward the middle
C)near the top
D)at the very top

Question 8

Anthropologists have found that in virtually all traditional cultures, the transition to adulthood is clearly and explicitly marked by __________.

A)leaving the parental household
B)completing secondary education
C)marriage
D)the birth of first child

Question 9

__________ is to collective cultures as __________ is to individualistic cultures.

A)Interdependence; independence
B)Independence; interdependence
C)Self-promotion; assertiveness
D)Assertiveness; self-promotion

Question 10

Why is marriage considered the most important marker of entering adulthood in traditional cultures?

A)It signals the start of a new generation.
B)It allows the couple to be financially secure.
C)It confirms and strengthens interdependence.
D)It confirms and strengthens independence.

Question 11

In traditional cultures, the collectivistic value of __________ is more highly prized than the individualistic value of __________.

A)self-promotion; assertiveness
B)assertiveness; self-promotion
C)independence; interdependence
D)interdependence; independence

Question 12

What do emerging adults in Korea and China view as an important criterion that signals adulthood?

A)completing military service
B)supporting a family financially
C)being able to support their parents financially
D)emotional self-control

Question 13

Britney is 23 years old and has been working full-time for the past 2 years.She has her own apartment, a balanced checkbook, and a substantial savings account.This is not by chance, because Britney's parents instilled in her the idea that wise financial decisions are important in life.It looks as if Britney will be able to purchase her own house in a few years.Which of the following markers of adulthood has Brittany achieved?

A)accepting responsibility for oneself
B)making independent decisions
C)becoming financially independent
D)possessing emotional stability

Question 14

You and your roommate are discussing what you believe to be the most important aspect of what defines adulthood.Your roommate is arguing that emotional self-control is the most important criterion for adulthood.Based on the text, she is likely from __________.

A)Argentina
B)Israel
C)Korea
D)India

Question 15

Your brother met many new friends while he was in the Peace Corps.One of them, who is from a small village in Central Africa, is visiting and you are having a discussion regarding when adulthood begins.He argues that you are officially an adult when you get married.As an American, what is your opinion most likely to be?

A)You agree, adulthood begins with marriage.
B)You are not sure, but all of your friends believe that marriage marks the beginning of adulthood.
C)You argue that people from his village get married too young.
D)You disagree with him but realize that your opinions reflect cultural differences.

Question 16

According to studies of young people in their early teens through their late 20s, which of the following is a correct order of the three major markers of adulthood?

A)accepting responsibility for oneself, becoming financially independent, and making independent decisions
B)becoming financially independent, making independent decisions, and accepting responsibility for oneself
C)making independent decisions, accepting responsibility for oneself, and becoming financially independent
D)accepting responsibility for oneself, making independent decisions, and becoming financially independent

Question 17

What do young Israelis view as an important criterion that signals adulthood?

A)completing military service
B)supporting a spouse and child financially
C)being able to support their parents financially
D)emotional self-control

Question 18

What do traditional cultures value as the key transition to adulthood because they prize the collectivistic value of interdependence more highly than the individualistic value of independence?

A)financially supporting siblings, parents, and grandparents
B)remaining in the parental house
C)marriage
D)having a large family

Question 19

What do emerging adults in India view as one of the top criteria for adulthood?

A)completing military service
B)supporting a family financially
C)being able to support their parents financially
D)emotional self-control

Question 20

What do young Argentines view as an important criterion that signals adulthood?

A)completing military service
B)supporting a family financially
C)being able to support their parents financially
D)emotional self-control

Question 21

Vital capacity begins to decrease at age __________ at a rate of __________.

A)25; 10% each decade
B)30; 10% each year
C)35; 20% each year
D)40; 20% each decade

Question 22

In terms of the respiratory system, vital capacity is the maximum __________.

A)speed with which a person can exhale one breath of air
B)amount of air that can be contained in the lungs
C)number of inhalations per minute during intense exercise
D)amount of carbon dioxide that can be exhaled during intense exercise

Question 23

Charlotte is 34 years old and is beginning to see the first wrinkles appear __________.

A)around her waist
B)around her hips
C)around her eyes
D)around her mouth

Question 24

You and your 34-year-old former college roommate decide to run a half marathon in the next 6 months and begin training.After the first run of 3 miles, you are winded and tired.Your roommate is surprised because you ran half marathons in your 20s.What should you remember?

A)You are experiencing a normal decline in vital capacity.
B)You really need to go to the doctor; there must be something wrong with you.
C)You are simply too old to run.
D)After years of a sedentary lifestyle, you are probably at risk of a heart attack.

Question 25

Frank is of European descent, and about 10 years ago he noticed his first gray hair.At first, he wasn't bothered; however, now his gray hairs are getting more numerous and his hairline has begun to recede.Based on the information provided, what is Frank's estimated age?

A)Frank is in his 20s.
B)Frank is in his 30s.
C)Frank is in his 40s.
D)Frank is in his 50s.

Question 26

During young adulthood, rigidity gradually develops in the tendons and muscles of the lungs, chest, and ribs, which leads to a decrease in __________.

A)vital capacity
B)chest size
C)blood pressure
D)the ability to breathe

Question 27

During young adulthood, what age-related change occurs to the heart muscle?

A)It becomes more rigid.
B)It does not change.
C)It becomes stronger, which aids in endurance training.
D)It becomes more elastic, aiding in oxygen delivery to muscles during intense exercise.

Question 28

In cultures that value a youthful appearance, which procedure is used to reduce wrinkles?

A)tightening surgery
B)facial exercises
C)injections
D)cleansing soap

Question 29

Which statement accurately describes the health of young adults?

A)The immune system is much more susceptible to infectious diseases.
B)They engage in risky behaviors such as excess substance abuse and unprotected sex with multiple partners.
C)They are at increased risk of developing cancer and heart disease.
D)Young adulthood is a time of healthy physical development for most.

Question 30

Why does the skin become looser and muscle mass decrease during young adulthood and beyond?

A)There is an increase in white blood cells.
B)There is an increase in the production of vitamin D.
C)There is a substantial decrease in iron.
D)There is a decrease in levels of human growth hormone.

Question 31

Who will likely experience signs of skin aging sooner?

A)Cecile, a woman with black skin
B)Carlos, a man with brown skin
C)Vincent, a man with yellow skin
D)Victoria, a woman with white skin

Question 32

Men who begin balding in young adulthood often __________.

A)believe it makes them much more attractive
B)believe it diminishes their physical attractiveness
C)become depressed due to embarrassment
D)are unaffected by their hair loss

Question 33

About __________ of men of European descent experience substantial hair loss by age 40.

A)25%
B)50%
C)66%
D)75%

Question 34

Your 32-year-old sister noticed a couple of gray hairs and is now worried that she is aging prematurely.What do you tell her?

A)She is aging prematurely! Hardly anyone in young adulthood has any gray hair!
B)The beginning of gray hair occurs for many individuals during young adulthood, so she should not be worried.
C)Developmentalists do not consider gray hair as a sign of aging.
D)She probably did not actually see any gray hair.It would be rare to find a gray hair in young adulthood.

Question 35

During young adulthood, the heart muscle starts to become __________, but this is not noticeable except during times of __________.

A)more pliable; deep relaxation
B)more rigid; intense physical activity
C)more pliable; intense physical activity
D)more rigid; deep relaxation

Question 36

Which statement describes physical decline through the 30s for most people?

A)Little decline in physical functioning occurs.
B)Some decline in physical functioning takes place.
C)No declines in physical functioning occurs.
D)Quite a bit of decline in physical functioning takes place.

Question 37

It is estimated that __________ of adult women in the West and in Asia color their hair, in part to conceal gray hairs and maintain a youthful appearance.

A)one-eighth to one-quarter
B)one-third to one-half
C)two-thirds to three-quarters
D)nearly all

Question 38

Your 35-year-old roommate has porcelain-colored skin and likes to have a tan for the summer.She is also very concerned about looking as young as possible.What would be your best advice regarding her skin?

A)She should keep on tanning-it makes her look beautiful.
B)She should make sure to use only SPF 10 sunscreen so that she can get the darkest tan.
C)Exposing her skin to direct sunlight will prematurely age her skin.
D)She should not worry; people who are white have skin that ages the slowest.

Question 39

What is the most obvious indicator that aging begins in young adulthood?

A)thinning skin
B)graying hair
C)decrease in bone density
D)cataracts

Question 40

At what age do people generally find their first gray hair?

A)20s
B)30s
C)40s
D)50s

Question 41

__________, which is released by fat cells to signal that the body has had enough to eat, also influences basal metabolic rate (BMR).

A)Acetylcholine
B)Serotonin
C)Melatonin
D)Leptin

Question 42

Your friend, who is 29 years old, has steadily gained weight since graduating from high school.What would be the best advice you could give her with regard to losing weight?

A)Due to increased BMR, she will need to do very little to lose weight.She just needs to stop overeating.
B)Due to increased BMR, she will need to begin exercising and/or eating more.
C)Due to decreased BMR, she will need to eat less.
D)Due to decreased BMR, she will need to begin exercising and/or eating less.

Question 43

For adults, a person with a BMI over __________ is classified as overweight, and a person with a BMI over __________ is obese.

A)15; 20
B)20; 25
C)25; 30
D)30; 35

Question 44

The __________ is a gland in the upper part of the chest that is responsible for the production of disease-fighting T cells.

A)thymus
B)hippocampus
C)thyroid
D)hypothalamus

Question 45

Your aunt has been gaining weight fairly consistently over the past few years, and she is concerned about it.She is not obese but has gained at least 8 to 10 pounds each year for the past ?5 years.According to your text, this is common in developed countries due to the availability of __________.

A)too much food loaded with fats and sugars
B)too much food with high levels of protein
C)too little food containing vitamins
D)too little food containing DHA

Question 46

According to the National Study of Adolescent Health , a longitudinal study on weight and obesity, __________ had the largest increase of obesity from adolescence into young adulthood.

A)Latin American men
B)Asian American women
C)White American men
D)African American women

Question 47

Your father has been steadily getting heavier.You want him to begin exercising to help reduce his weight.He thinks that he is doing really well in terms of his weight for his age.After visiting the doctor, he still thinks that he is doing well, even though he has a BMI of 34.You would tell him that his BMI __________.

A)indicates that he is doing very well for his age
B)indicates that he is obese and definitely needs to lose weight
C)indicates that he is very strong and muscular
D)is actually lower than that of most people his age

Question 48

George is a young adult with a BMI of 32.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, George would be classified as __________.

A)underweight
B)average in weight
C)overweight
D)obese

Question 49

Where and why are obesity rates the lowest?

A)in Africa, the poorest region in the world
B)in the wealthiest countries, due to the availability of food that is loaded with fats and sugars
C)in Europe, due to access to unhealthy food
D)in South America, where hormones are routinely added to food

Question 50

BMI is calculated by examining a person's __________.

A)heart rate after 1 minute of intense exercise
B)skin fold thickness
C)ratio of height to weight
D)maximum carbon dioxide replacement

Question 51

The National Study of Adolescent Health followed teens until they were ages 24 to 32.Over that time period, the subjects' obesity rates increased from 13% to __________ by the time they were young adults.

A)20%
B)28%
C)36%
D)44%

Question 52

Which of the following is more likely to be similar in weight?

A)monozygotic twins reared in different environments
B)dizygotic twins reared in the same environment
C)siblings reared in different environments
D)cousins reared in the same environment

Question 53

During young adulthood, the immune system experiences a decrease in effectiveness because __________.

A)the production of both T cells and B cells declines
B)the production of white blood cells and red blood cells increases
C)the production of melatonin and vitamin D decreases
D)the speed of the central nervous system and the frontal lobe decreases

Question 54

Which statement is true about BMI?

A)There is no link between BMI and obesity.
B)BMI is an indirect measure of body fat.
C)Health workers do not understand the meaning of BMI.
D)Studies using BMI are flawed in their methods.

Question 55

During young adulthood, the thymus gradually reduces its production of __________, ceasing entirely by age __________.

A)T cells; 50
B)B cells; 45
C)Y cells; 40
D)H cells; 35

Question 56

Your 42-year-old uncle has been very health-conscious for many years.He runs and exercises with weights and thinks that he can eat like he always has.What would you tell him with regard to BMR?

A)BMR declines as a function of exercise.
B)BMR does not play a role in weight gain.
C)BMR naturally increases, so he is correct.What he eats will be burned quickly.
D)BMR naturally decreases beginning at age 25, and he will likely gain weight if he does not reduce his intake of calories.

Question 57

Some individuals can have the very same BMI but have differing amounts of body fat.In what area(s) of the body is an accumulation of body fat a predictor of health problems?

A)chest
B)abdomen
C)buttocks and upper thighs
D)triceps area of arms

Question 58

__________ countries have the highest obesity rates.

A)Wealthy
B)Poor
C)Northern Hemisphere
D)Landed-locked

Question 59

Becky is an adult with a BMI of 24.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Becky would be classified as __________.

A)underweight
B)normal weight
C)overweight
D)obese

Question 60

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the amount of energy the body uses when it is __________.

A)at rest
B)working at peak performance
C)repairing itself
D)fighting an infection

Question 61

Which of the following are commonly known problems associated with obesity in young adulthood?

A)high blood pressure, diabetes, sleep disorders, and digestive problems
B)eczema, allergies, influenza, and psoriasis
C)hypersomnia, low blood pressure, a rapid heart rate, and jaundice
D)nearsightedness, tachycardia, hypotension, and cardiac arrhythmias

Question 62

What happens to physical activity through the 20s and 30s across developed countries?

A)Because they are starting families, young adults are more physically active because they are likely playing with their children.
B)Due to their starting careers, young adults' physical activity increases tremendously.
C)Physical activity continuously drops.
D)Since most jobs require considerable physical activity, young adults engage in increasingly more physical activity.

Question 63

Regular exercise in young adulthood reduces the risk of a variety of illnesses and diseases in middle adulthood, including __________.

A)farsightedness, diabetes, and jaundice
B)diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and several types of cancer
C)nearsightedness, hemophilia, and dementia
D)eczema, psoriasis, and various allergies

Question 64

Thomas has just finished the Boston Marathon and is feeling great.His blood pressure is high, his respirations are rapid, and he is extremely sweaty, but he feels elated to be alive.He's experiencing a "runner's high." Which of the following is primarily responsible for this pleasurable feeling?

A)endorphins
B)melatonin
C)dopamine
D)testosterone

Question 65

What can one do in young adulthood to reduce the risk of a variety of illnesses and diseases in middle adulthood, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and several types of cancers?

A)take vitamin supplements
B)exercise
C)laugh to reduce stress
D)complete a degree in higher education and get a high-paying job

Question 66

Aerobic exercise has been shown to reduce body fat and __________.

A)increase metabolic rate
B)increase hypotension
C)decrease white blood cells
D)decrease levels of serotonin

Question 67

Which of the following individuals is likely to spend the least amount of time exercising?

A)Jerome, who is of high SES and male
B)Tammy, who is of low SES and female
C)Mike, who is of low SES and male
D)Ramona, who is of middle SES and female

Question 68

Why have obesity rates risen dramatically in the United States and Canada in recent decades?

A)People are eating more protein-fortified foods.
B)People are drinking more juice drinks.
C)Families are eating more meals at home.
D)People are eating more and exercising less.

Question 69

Which of the following is an example of aerobic exercise?

A)playing the piano for 10 minutes
B)playing soccer for 45 minutes
C)playing video games for 60 minutes
D)lifting weights for 20 minutes

Question 70

Aerobic exercise is best described as exercise that __________.

A)feels good and has a calming effect that occurs within 30 seconds
B)triggers a fight or flight response within 1 minute
C)is conducted with a group of people to rhythmic music
D)triggers a substantial elevation in heart rate for at least 30 minutes

Question 71

Brianna is a 30-year-old woman who lives in a very low-SES neighborhood and is raising her two children alone.Within a mile of her apartment, there are several fast-food restaurants and some convenience stores.Like many of her neighbors, Brianna is obese and her children are overweight.What makes Brianna and her children typical among low-SES families?

A)Her neighborhood is not characteristic of lower-SES families, as this portion of the population is most likely to embrace the values of a healthy lifestyle.
B)She is actually atypical.Lower-SES individuals have the lowest rates of obesity.
C)Many lower-SES families grow their own vegetables, and the surplus of food means that they frequently overeat.
D)Unhealthy foods are the most convenient and least expensive to purchase.

Question 72

Your 23-year-old brother has never been interested in exercising.He has a rather fast metabolism and has never gained any weight.You are trying to get him to exercise, and he sees no value in doing so.What argument could you use?

A)He will keep his hair on his head longer.
B)As soon as he turns 25, he will likely gain 10 pounds.
C)Exercise will lower the probability of acquiring diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and several types of cancer as he gets older.
D)He will likely lose 35% of his muscle mass before age 30 if he does not exercise.

Question 73

Your 29-year-old aunt is obese.She is feeling depressed and does not feel good about her physical health.What would you say to her?

A)Being obese has nothing to do with depression.
B)She should try an online dating service.
C)She should join a women's-only group.
D)Obesity is related to depression in young adult women.She would probably feel better if she lost weight.

Question 74

Health authorities recommend aerobic exercise at a moderate-to-vigorous level for at least ?2½ hours per week along with strength training.About what percentage of Americans actually practice both aerobic exercise and strength training each week?

A)20%
B)35%
C)50%
D)70%

Question 75

The most effective diet programs are __________.

A)low-carbohydrate, high-protein plans.
B)those that include an appetite suppressant pill
C)ones that provide complete meals
D)ones that are based strictly on liquid meals

Question 76

According to the textbook, activities such as running and swimming are known as what type of exercise?

A)anaerobic
B)aerobic
C)endurance
D)flexibility

Question 77

What is a major contributor to the increasing obesity rates in developing countries?

A)the adoption of Western foods, particularly "fast foods"
B)eating foods low in sugar and fat
C)the desire to look more "American" by gaining weight
D)the sedentary lifestyles that most people in developing countries have

Question 78

How would you describe endorphins?

A)brain chemicals that provide a pleasurable feeling and a feeling of well-being
B)brain chemicals that allow short-term memory to transfer to long-term storage
C)neurological circuits associated with pain reception
D)neurological circuits involved in attentional abilities

Question 79

Exercise generates brain chemicals called __________ that provide a pleasurable feeling and increase well-being.

A)endorphins
B)epinephrine
C)dopamine
D)adrenaline

Question 80

What happens to most people who embrace a strategy to lose weight?

A)They end up gaining that weight back and generally gain more weight.
B)They are likely to keep off the excess weight permanently.
C)They are not likely to ever lose any weight.
D)They might lose weight if they are paid to do so.