Deck 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Therapists who emphasize the application of learning principles in treatment use the ____ approach to psychotherapy.

A) behavior
B) biomedical
C) insight
D) emotion

Answer 1

behavior

Question 2

The theoretical difference between a clinical psychologist and a counseling psychologist is that

A) the clinical psychologist has a doctorate; the counseling psychologist has a master's degree.
B) the clinical psychologist specializes in the treatment of mental disorders; the counseling psychologist specializes in the treatment of everyday adjustment problems.
C) only the clinical psychologist can prescribe drugs.
D) clinical psychologists are trained to provide behavior therapy; counseling psychologists are trained to provide insight therapy.

Answer 2

the clinical psychologist specializes in the treatment of mental disorders; the counseling psychologist specializes in the treatment of everyday adjustment problems.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

A) The first systematic psychotherapy procedure was Freud's psychoanalysis.
B) Since Freud's time, all forms of treatment for psychological disorders have involved verbal interaction.
C) All psychotherapies employ essentially the same method of treatment.
D) Insight therapy is the most effective method for treating psychological disorders.

Answer 3

The first systematic psychotherapy procedure was Freud's psychoanalysis.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is false? ____ are more likely than ____ to receive psychotherapy.

A) Women; men
B) People with medical insurance; people without medical insurance
C) People with less education; people with more education
D) Divorced and separated people; married people

Question 5

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

A) Men are more likely than women to enter therapy.
B) People from the lower socioeconomic classes are more likely to enter therapy than those from the upper classes.
C) Many people who need therapy don't receive it.
D) Only people who have an identifiable mental disorder are eligible for therapy.

Question 6

Claude has been seeing a therapist in an attempt to finally stop smoking.The therapist has described a number of specific techniques that they might try to eliminate Claude's behavior of smoking.In this case,his therapist's approach to treatment would MOST likely be classified as

A) insight therapy.
B) biomedical therapy.
C) homeopathic therapy.
D) behavior therapy.

Question 7

A psychotherapist who participates in complex verbal interactions with clients in order to enhance clients' understanding of themselves and their problems would be classified as

A) an insight therapist.
B) a behavior therapist.
C) a biomedical therapist.
D) a homeopathic therapist.

Question 8

Therapists who emphasize altering an individual's physiological functioning in treatment use the ____ approach to psychotherapy.

A) behavior
B) biomedical
C) insight
D) emotion

Question 9

John suffers from chronic anxiety.He tends to worry constantly and is uncomfortable in a wide variety of situations.He decides to seek therapy.John put considerable thought into what he wants to gain from therapy.John believes that if he learns why he is so anxious he will be better able to cope.Based on John's beliefs,he is most likely to seek a therapist that emphasizes the ____ approach.

A) behavior therapy
B) biomedical therapy
C) insight therapy
D) emotion therapy

Question 10

Which of the following academic degrees is NOT associated with being a psychologist?

A) M.D.
B) Ph.D.
C) Psy.D.
D) Ed.D.

Question 11

Drug therapy is classified as ____ therapy; electroconvulsive shock therapy is classified as ____ therapy.

A) an aversion; a biomedical
B) a biomedical; a biomedical
C) a biomedical; a behavior
D) a behavior; an insight

Question 12

Which of the following psychologists is MOST likely to deal with the most severe mental health problems?

A) counseling psychologist
B) clinical psychologist
C) school psychologist
D) research psychologist

Question 13

Leslie has been feeling depressed for a number of weeks.She thinks she may need to see a therapist to help her overcome her depression,but she doesn't want to see anyone who is going to dwell on her childhood and try to work through any problems she experienced years ago.She wants to see someone who will focus on direct treatment of her current symptoms.In this example,it appears that Leslie is looking for a therapist whose approach to treatment would be classified as

A) insight therapy.
B) non-invasive therapy.
C) biomedical therapy.
D) hypnotherapy.

Question 14

John suffers from chronic anxiety.He tends to worry constantly and is uncomfortable in a wide variety of situations.He decides to seek therapy.John put considerable thought into what he wants to gain from therapy.John believes that if he can learn to calm himself down when he finds himself in anxiety-producing situations (like taking a psychology exam)he will be better able to cope.Based on John's beliefs,he is most likely to seek a therapist that emphasizes the ____ approach.

A) behavior therapy
B) biomedical therapy
C) insight therapy
D) emotion therapy

Question 15

Your friend is interested in becoming a psychologist and wants to specialize in working with the most severe mental health problems,what specialty is she MOST likely to choose?

A) counseling psychologist
B) clinical psychologist
C) school psychologist
D) research psychologist

Question 16

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

A) Psychotherapy is for people with an identified psychological disorder.
B) About half of the people who used mental health services in a given year do not meet the criteria for a full-fledged mental disorder.
C) Men are more likely to seek professional psychological help.
D) The most common problem for which people will seek mental health treatment is for unsatisfactory interpersonal relations.

Question 17

The two MOST common problems among those who seek psychotherapy are

A) marital conflicts and a sense of emptiness.
B) loneliness and boredom.
C) low self-esteem and irrational thinking.
D) anxiety and depression.

Question 18

Vicki is seeing a therapist in an attempt to work through the troubles in her relationship with her father.She and her therapist often engage in lengthy verbal interactions,and her therapist tries to help Vicki work through a variety of potential solutions for the problems she is facing.In this case,her therapist's approach to treatment would MOST likely be classified as

A) insight therapy.
B) behavior therapy.
C) biomedical therapy.
D) homeopathic therapy.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major categories of psychotherapy?

A) biomedical therapies
B) emotion therapies
C) behavior therapies
D) insight therapies

Question 20

Approximately __________ percent of mental health patients are treated ONLY with medication?

A) 25
B) 50
C) 75
D) 90

Question 21

What do psychoanalytic and client-centered therapies have in common?

A) They both deal with psychotic problems.
B) They both stress insight into the self.
C) They both require an M.D. degree to practice.
D) They both prescribe drugs as part of the treatment.

Question 22

Which of the following disorders would be LEAST likely to be treated by psychiatrists?

A) schizophrenia
B) mood disorder
C) anxiety disorder
D) marital problems

Question 23

Ana has been in psychotherapy for five years.At the start of each session she describes any dreams that she has had since her last session.Her therapist analyzes the symbolism in these dreams,and helps Ana understand the unconscious conflicts that underlie the dreams.In this case,Ana is most likely seeing a therapist who is trained in

A) the client-centered approach.
B) rational-emotive therapy.
C) biofeedback therapy.
D) psychoanalysis.

Question 24

Today psychoanalysis is MOST likely to be practiced by

A) clinical psychologists.
B) counseling psychologists.
C) social workers.
D) psychiatrists.

Question 25

Michelle has been having a recurring dream for the past four months,and during a session with her psychotherapist,the therapist proposed one possible explanation that might give meaning to the images in Michelle's dream.In providing an explanation for the meaning of the dream,the therapist is engaged in

A) interpretation.
B) transference.
C) clarification.
D) free association.

Question 26

Which of the following would Freud consider to be the most direct means of access to the unconscious mind?

A) transference
B) the content of dreams
C) the client's feelings toward the therapist
D) the client's attempts to hinder the progress of therapy

Question 27

Therapies that involve verbal interactions intended to enhance clients self-knowledge,and thus promote healthful changes in personality and behavior,are known as

A) psychopharmacological therapy.
B) emotive therapy.
C) behavioral therapy.
D) insight therapy.

Question 28

Freud considered ____ to be the most direct way to access the patient's unconscious or the "royal road to the unconscious."

A) truth-serum
B) hypnosis
C) free association
D) dreams

Question 29

Freud's approach for the treatment of psychological disorders is

A) psychotherapy.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) unconscious therapy.
D) client-centered therapy.

Question 30

According to Freud,the events in dreams

A) have no connection to the client's real life and thus are irrelevant in therapy.
B) are symbolic representations of recent events in the client's life.
C) need to be analyzed by the therapist and interpreted for the client.
D) are logical interpretations of random neural activation.

Question 31

Compared to psychologists,in their provision of therapy psychiatrists tend to

A) emphasize biomedical treatments more.
B) use group therapies more often.
C) use behavior therapies more often.
D) spend less time working with severely disturbed patients.

Question 32

A therapist's attempt to explain the significance of a client's thoughts,feelings,and behaviors is referred to as

A) interpretation.
B) debriefing.
C) confrontation.
D) clarification.

Question 33

Mario recently started seeing a therapist.At the start of each session,Mario lies down and starts talking about anything that comes to mind.He often rambles,and he sometimes thinks that the things he describes seem trivial or silly,but his therapist encourages him to say whatever comes into his mind.This therapeutic technique is common among therapists who use

A) a client-centered approach in therapy.
B) a cognitive approach in therapy.
C) a psychoanalytic approach in therapy.
D) a holistic approach to therapy.

Question 34

Dr.Stroetz believes that most psychological disorders can be successfully treated by bringing unconscious conflicts and defenses into conscious awareness.Knowing this,you might expect that Dr.Stroetz's bookshelves contain a large number of books written by

A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Hans Eysenck.
C) Carl Rogers.
D) Joseph Wolpe.

Question 35

Which of the following statements concerning psychiatrists is false?

A) psychiatrists specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders
B) psychiatrists typically devote less of their time to relatively serious disorders than clinical psychologists
C) psychiatrists frequently emphasize biomedical therapy
D) psychiatrists are physicians and have a medical degree

Question 36

Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of

A) the unconscious.
B) the conscious.
C) irrational thoughts.
D) maladaptive behaviors.

Question 37

According to Freud,neurosis usually results from unconscious conflicts over

A) power and aggression.
B) sex and aggression.
C) sex and achievement.
D) power and achievement.

Question 38

The idea that interactions designed to help a client develop self-knowledge and thus progress to healthy changes in personality and behavior is the basis for

A) psychopharmacological therapy.
B) emotive therapy.
C) behavioral therapy.
D) insight therapy.

Question 39

Clive is a clinical psychologist and his sister Grace is a psychiatrist.The main difference between these two professionals would be the fact that Clive would

A) typically deal with patients who have more severe problems than the patients Grace usually sees.
B) normally treat young children, while Grace would treat more adults.
C) have a degree in psychology, while Grace would have a medical degree.
D) take a psychoanalytic approach in treating patients, while Grace would take a behavioral approach.

Question 40

All of the following are Freudian techniques to bring unconscious material to consciousness EXCEPT

A) free association.
B) analysis of transference.
C) dream analysis.
D) directed confrontation.

Question 41

A client in psychoanalysis has been arriving late for sessions,acting hostile toward the analyst,and making up dreams.This is MOST likely

A) transference.
B) frustration.
C) resistance.
D) projection.

Question 42

Tasha has been in psychotherapy for just over a year.Lately she has started to express a strong sexual desire for her therapist.Unconsciously she is acting toward him the way she wishes she could act toward her own husband.According to Freud,Tasha's behavior may be a sign of

A) transference.
B) resistance.
C) free association.
D) defensive neurosis.

Question 43

In the rich diversity of psychodynamic approaches to therapy available today,recent research reviews suggest that

A) transference still plays a role, but not interpretation.
B) free association no longer plays a role.
C) interpretation still plays a role, but not transference.
D) interpretation, resistance, and transference still play key roles.

Question 44

An important goal of client-centered therapy is to

A) help clients realize they don't have to worry constantly about approval from others.
B) help clients achieve a greater understanding of how long-repressed childhood conflicts can affect their adult behavior.
C) change the ways clients think.
D) modify clients' maladaptive behavior patterns.

Question 45

Psychoanalysis is a therapy that emphasizes

A) correcting habitual thinking errors.
B) the recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives, and defenses.
C) providing a supportive climate for clients.
D) improving interpersonal skills.

Question 46

Carl Rogers' client-centered therapy grew from the

A) psychoanalytic tradition.
B) behaviorist tradition.
C) humanistic tradition.
D) cognitive tradition.

Question 47

Carl Rogers named his technique "client-centered therapy" to emphasize his belief that

A) clients should play a major role in determining the pace and direction of their therapy.
B) clients should always be the center of attention.
C) therapists should always share all of their thoughts, feelings, and experiences with clients.
D) the client is in a position of natural status and authority over the therapist.

Question 48

Dr.Spann is a psychoanalytic therapist and over the past two weeks his patient has begun showing increasing hostility,and he often yells and becomes threatening when Dr.Spann offers her interpretations of the things that the patient says during therapy.Dr.Spann should MOST likely deal with the patient's behavior by

A) modeling new behavior for the client.
B) moving to a new topic for discussion.
C) ignoring it and recentering on the real problem.
D) allowing the patient to work through the feelings associated with transference.

Question 49

Freud believed that psychological disorders are caused by

A) current stressful situations in one's life.
B) inconsistency between one's self-concept and reality.
C) unconscious conflicts left over from early childhood.
D) maladaptive patterns of thinking established in childhood.

Question 50

Contemporary psychodynamic approaches to therapy tend to do all of the following EXCEPT

A) neglect emotional experience.
B) identify recurring life patterns.
C) focus on the therapeutic relationship.
D) address early childhood experiences.

Question 51

Rogers believed that client-centered therapists must provide unconditional positive regard for their clients.In other words,they must

A) provide warmth and caring only when clients' behavior is appropriate.
B) communicate with clients in an honest and spontaneous manner.
C) understand the client's world from the client's point of view, and be able to communicate this.
D) show complete, nonjudgmental acceptance of the client as a person.

Question 52

Transference in psychoanalytic therapy may reveal itself when the patient

A) transfers from one stage of analysis to another.
B) changes the way the patient feels about people close to the patient.
C) responds to the therapist as though he or she were the patient's parent.
D) shifts social roles during the course of therapy.

Question 53

According to Rogers,personal distress occurs when

A) unconscious conflicts threaten to rise to the surface of conscious awareness.
B) a person engages in negative thinking.
C) there is incongruence between a person's self-concept and reality.
D) a person is lacking in self-control.

Question 54

During psychoanalysis when a client begins to start relating to their therapist in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives the patient is said to be engaging in

A) transference.
B) frustration.
C) resistance.
D) projection.

Question 55

Treating the therapist as though he were a very important person from one's past,such as a parent,defines

A) transference.
B) resistance.
C) frustration.
D) reaction formation.

Question 56

George has been in psychotherapy for several months.When he first started therapy George had a very positive relationship with his therapist.However,over the past two weeks he has shown increasing hostility,and he often yells and becomes threatening when his therapist offers her interpretations of the things that George says during therapy.According to Freud,George's behavior may be

A) evidence that his psychological problems are worsening.
B) a sign of repressed free association.
C) evidence of defensive neurosis.
D) a sign of transference.

Question 57

Jimmy has been in psychotherapy for several months,but during the last few sessions he has been distracted and inattentive.When his therapist asks him to describe any dreams he has had recently,Jimmy insists that he doesn't remember any of his dreams.According to Freud,Jimmy's behavior may be a sign of

A) defensive neurosis.
B) resistance.
C) transference.
D) insight.

Question 58

Dr.Brittain uses a therapeutic technique that focuses on providing a supportive emotional climate for clients,who in turn play a major role in determining the pace and direction of therapy.Most likely Dr.Brittain is a

A) rational-emotive therapist.
B) client-centered therapist.
C) psychoanalytic therapist.
D) Gestalt therapist.

Question 59

At times,individuals decide to terminate therapy at a time the therapist feels is premature and at a point when therapy is about to make significant progress.This is an example of

A) interpretation.
B) repression.
C) transference.
D) resistance.

Question 60

Largely unconscious defensive maneuvers intended to hinder the progress of therapy are referred to as

A) transference.
B) frustration.
C) resistance.
D) projection.

Question 61

Charlene is talking with her father,and she confesses that she lied about where she had been on the weekend.Her father tells Charlene that he loves her,but that he doesn't approve of her lying.According to Carl Rogers,Charlene's father is displaying the quality of

A) empathy.
B) validity.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) selective abstraction.

Question 62

Client: "I've had a bad week.I'm really down." Therapist: "You've had some unpleasant experiences lately and are feeling quite depressed as a result." The therapist's statement in this interaction is intended to communicate

A) genuineness to the client.
B) unconditional positive regard to the client.
C) empathy to the client.
D) disapproval to the client.

Question 63

Lange tells his therapist: "My whole world is a mess and nobody cares for me or is concerned about what happens to me." Lange's therapist knows that he has many friends who are concerned about him,but she tells him: "I understand why you might feel that way right now,and it must be difficult for you to deal with your feelings of abandonment." In this interaction,Lange's therapist is displaying the quality that Carl Rogers termed

A) unconditional positive regard.
B) genuineness.
C) clarification.
D) empathy.

Question 64

Dr.Nenning is a psychotherapist who is extremely supportive of all his clients.He encourages his clients to talk about their concerns,and he often acts as a sounding board,restating and clarifying the themes that come to the surface as his clients speak freely about their concerns and problems.Dr.Nenning appears to be

A) a therapist who uses a modern psychodynamic approach.
B) a therapist who uses Beck's cognitive approach to therapy.
C) a therapist who uses existential therapy methods.
D) a client-centered therapist.

Question 65

Dr.Benz always tries to be honest with her clients and she never becomes defensive,even if the clients ridicule her feedback or her methods of therapy.According to Carl Rogers,Dr.Benz is displaying the quality of

A) empathy in dealing with her clients.
B) genuineness in dealing with her clients.
C) unconditional positive regard in dealing with her clients.
D) validity in dealing with her clients.

Question 66

Two forms of therapy developed within positive psychology are

A) well-being therapy and client-centered therapy.
B) well-being therapy and positive psychotherapy.
C) positive psychotherapy and client-centered therapy.
D) client-centered therapy and rationale emotive therapy.

Question 67

Using theory and research to better understand the positive,adaptive,creative,fulfilling aspect of human nature is know as

A) positive psychology.
B) individual psychology.
C) cognitive psychology.
D) ontological psychology.

Question 68

Which of the following statements BEST represents the approach of a client-centered therapist in treating a chronically anxious client?

A) "Let's look for ways in which you might actually be benefiting from your anxiety."
B) "So, you feel that your world is a very scary place to be."
C) "Let's see if we can identify the irrational beliefs that are producing your anxiety."
D) "Do you feel that your mother adequately met your need for emotional support when you were a child?"

Question 69

Which form of therapy attempts to get clients to forgive those who have wronged them?

A) rationale emotive therapy
B) well-being therapy
C) positive psychotherapy
D) client-centered therapy

Question 70

Dr.Stefan feels psychology has focused for too long on sickness and human weakness.He would rather study human strengths and personal growth.Dr.Stefan is most likely a practitioner of

A) positive psychology.
B) individual psychology.
C) cognitive psychology.
D) ontological psychology.

Question 71

No matter what Sam tells his therapist concerning his failures or successes,weaknesses or strengths,spiteful behaviors or good deeds,vengeful feelings or positive emotions,his therapist is very accepting of him as a person.Sam's therapist is showing him

A) unconditional positive regard.
B) genuineness.
C) empathy.
D) transference.

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics that Carl Rogers believes is necessary in client-centered therapy to encourage client growth?

A) empathy
B) genuineness
C) directedness
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT one of the three conditions Rogers believed was important to help create a supportive emotional climate for therapy?

A) unconditional positive regard
B) empathy
C) genuineness
D) friendship

Question 74

Your therapist is a client-centered therapist and must provide unconditional positive regard.In other words,your therapist must

A) provide warmth and caring only when clients' behavior is appropriate.
B) communicate with clients in an honest and spontaneous manner.
C) understand the client's world from the client's point of view, and be able to communicate this.
D) show complete, nonjudgmental acceptance of the client as a person.

Question 75

Carl Rogers believed that psychological disorders are caused by

A) current stressful situations in one's life.
B) inconsistency between one's self-concept and reality.
C) unconscious conflicts left over from early childhood.
D) maladaptive patterns of thinking established in childhood.

Question 76

Goals of client-centered therapy include helping clients do all of the following EXCEPT

A) have an accurate self-concept.
B) gain self-acceptance.
C) resolve unconscious conflicts.
D) realize they do not have to worry about winning acceptance from others.

Question 77

In client-centered therapy the ____ is more important then the ____.

A) climate; process
B) interpretation; climate
C) process; climate
D) evaluation; process

Question 78

Preliminary research suggest positive psychotherapy can be effective in treatment for

A) anxiety disorders.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) depression.

Question 79

Advocates of positive psychology maintain the field has focused too heavily on

A) unconscious impulses.
B) conscious thought.
C) pathology, weakness, and suffering.
D) contentment, human strengths, and well-being.

Question 80

In client-centered therapy,the therapist's key task is

A) clarification.
B) interpretation.
C) behavior modification.
D) cognitive evaluation.