Deck 18: Populations

Question 1

All of the organisms in a given location or area are termed a

A) peer group.
B) flock.
C) community.
D) population.
E) herd.

Answer 1

C
Explanation: A community is composed of populations from a number of different species.

Question 2

The physical location where an organism lives is termed its

A) home boundary.
B) range.
C) habitat.
D) community.
E) ecosystem.

Answer 2

C
Explanation: Animals are usually well adapted to their particular habitat.

Question 3

In regards to a species' life history,equilibrium species

A) have only a few offspring.
B) are short-lived.
C) reproduce at an early age.
D) have a large number of offspring.
E) give very little care to their offspring.

Answer 3

A
Explanation: Equilibrium species have fewer offspring since they need fewer to maintain population size.

Question 4

The number of new individuals produced per unit time in a population is its

A) immigration rate.
B) emigration rate.
C) death rate.
D) birth rate.
E) expatriation rate.

Question 5

In 2010,India had a population of 1,170,000,000,a birth rate of 0.027,and a death rate of 0.013.Approximately how much did the Indian population grow in 2010?

A) 170,000,000
B) 1,700,000
C) 170,000
D) 17,000,000
E) 17,000

Question 6

In a survivorship curve,a type I species,like a human or elephant,is a species that has

A) an equal probability of dying at any age.
B) the highest probability of dying as it reaches its maximum life span.
C) a strong possibility of becoming extinct in a relatively short period of time.
D) an extremely short life span.
E) the highest probability of dying at a very young age.

Question 7

The maximum number of individuals that a habitat can support indefinitely is the habitat's

A) density dispersion.
B) carrying capacity.
C) growth capacity.
D) environmental load.
E) dispersion capacity.

Question 8

The number of individuals that die in a population per unit time is its

A) immigration rate.
B) emigration rate.
C) death rate.
D) birth rate.
E) expatriation rate.

Question 9

In a survivorship curve,a type II species,like a song bird,is a species that has

A) an equal probability of dying at any age.
B) a strong possibility of becoming extinct in a relatively short period of time.
C) the highest probability of dying as it reaches its maximum life span.
D) an extremely short life span.
E) the highest probability of dying at a very young age.

Question 10

A human population with a large percentage of post-reproductive individuals is common in

A) less-developed countries and will most likely increase in size.
B) more-developed countries and will most likely increase in size.
C) more-developed countries and will most likely decrease in size.
D) less-developed countries and will most likely decrease in size.
E) No answer is correct.

Question 11

A group of organisms of one species occupying a geographical location at the same time is a

A) population.
B) community.
C) peer group.
D) flock.
E) herd.

Question 12

In a survivorship curve,a type III species,like most insects and plants,is a species that has

A) an equal probability of dying at any age.
B) a strong possibility of becoming extinct in a relatively short period of time.
C) the highest probability of dying at a very young age.
D) the highest probability of dying as it reaches its maximum life span.
E) an extremely long life span.

Question 13

An example of a density-independent factor that affects a population's growth is

A) insects eating your tomato plants.
B) your tomato plants competing for water.
C) a fungus infecting your tomato plants.
D) frost killing all of your tomato plants.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 14

The number of individuals of a species per unit area or volume of habitat is

A) carrying capacity.
B) population density.
C) a community.
D) population distribution.
E) population dynamics.

Question 15

In regards to a species' life history,opportunistic species

A) are long-lived.
B) provide extensive care for their offspring.
C) are limited primarily by carrying capacity.
D) reproduce later in life.
E) produce many offspring.

Question 16

In 2010,India had a population of 1,170,000,000,a birth rate of 0.027,and a death rate of 0.013.What was the growth rate of India's population?

A) 0.027
B) 0.013
C) 0.014
D) 0.040
E) 0.001

Question 17

The study of the relationships among organisms and the environment is

A) ethology.
B) habitology.
C) ergonomics.
D) ecology.
E) geology.

Question 18

Predation of deer by wolves is an example of a

A) density-independent limit.
B) density-codependent limit.
C) density-dependent limit.
D) death-dependent factor.
E) death-independent factor.

Question 19

A human population with a large percentage of pre-reproductive individuals is common in

A) less-developed countries and will most likely increase in size.
B) more-developed countries and will most likely increase in size.
C) less-developed countries and will most likely decrease in size.
D) more-developed countries and will most likely decrease in size.
E) more-developed countries and will not effect the population size.

Question 20

A population age structure diagram depicting an equal number of individuals in each age group suggests that the population is

A) stable.
B) growing.
C) declining.
D) facing extinction.
E) very small.

Question 21

Conditions whose growth-limiting effects increase as a population grows are density-independent factors.

Question 22

Source: Data from U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base
Based upon the age structure diagram,you expect the Indian population to

A) grow because all of the age classes have roughly equal proportions of people.
B) grow then shrink because many of the people will be entering the postreproductive years.
C) grow because a large proportion of the population will be entering the reproductive years.
D) grow then decline because a lower proportion of individuals are in prereproductive age classes.
E) No answer is correct.

Question 23

Which is an example of an aquatic ecosystem?

A) fishes, snails, crabs, water, and salinity
B) fishes, snails, and crabs only
C) both water and salinity
D) water only
E) salinity only

Question 24

Hydra,a type of cnidarian,have equal survival rates through life because they are equally fit at all stages.Hydra are an example of an organism with a type ________ survivorship curve.

A) 0
B) I
C) II
D) III
E) IV

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of an aquatic community?

A) fishes, snails, crabs, water, and salinity
B) fishes, snails, and crabs only
C) both water and salinity
D) water only
E) salinity only

Question 26

Based on the information provided,which of these would not be considered a species with an equilibrium life history?

A) Elephants have 1 calf every 3 years.
B) Dolphins provide extensive care for their offspring.
C) Humans have a late maturity age of approximately 14 years.
D) Spiders lay egg sacks and do not return to care for their young.
E) Bears exhibit a type I survivorship curve.

Question 27

Which of the following is not a characteristic for an organism with an opportunistic life history?

A) High reproduction rate
B) Many offspring
C) Each offspring receives extensive parental care
D) Low survival rate for juveniles
E) Early reproduction maturity

Question 28

Oysters and many other mollusks produce many offspring of which only a few survive to adulthood and then have little risk of predation with their strong adult shells.Oysters are an example of an organism with a type ________ survivorship curve.

A) 0
B) I
C) II
D) III
E) IV

Question 29

Why have human growth rates increased the most in developing countries in the past 50 years?

A) Death rates have fallen more slowly than birth rates.
B) Death rates have gone up faster than birth rates.
C) Death rates have fallen faster than birth rates.
D) Death rates have gone up more slowly than birth rates.
E) Death rates have remained the same and birth rates have decreased.

Question 30

A country's ecological footprint can be calculated by multiplying its population size by the footprint of each individual.Why are some ecologists concerned about the ecological footprint of a country like India?

A) Its population is increasing.
B) The birth rate is decreasing.
C) Its land availability is increasing.
D) Its population and land area are increasing.
E) Its birth rate is decreasing and its land area is increasing.

Question 31

When exponential growth is plotted over time an S-shaped curve emerges.

Question 32

Researchers studying guppies in Trinidad found that guppies in streams with high predation reproduced earlier and more frequently.Which of the following is most important in driving the guppies to change their life history in face of predation?

A) The guppies are an equilibrium species.
B) The guppies are an opportunistic species.
C) Density-independent factors affect the guppy populations.
D) Density-dependent factors affect the guppy populations.
E) Sexual selection affects the guppy populations.

Question 33

Source: Data from U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base
Based upon the age structure diagram,you expect the Chinese population to

A) grow because all of the age classes have roughly equal proportions of people.
B) grow then shrink because many of the people will be entering the post-reproductive years.
C) grow because a large proportion of the population will be entering the reproductive years.
D) grow then decline because a lower proportion of individuals are in prereproductive age classes.
E) No answer is correct.

Question 34

Which best describes the link between survivorship curves and opportunistic species?

A) Opportunistic species are limited by density-dependent factors and have few offspring.
B) Opportunistic species are limited by density-independent factors and have few offspring.
C) Opportunistic species are limited by density-independent factors and have many offspring.
D) Opportunistic species are limited by density-dependent factors and have many offspring.
E) No answer is correct.

Question 35

The overall human population growth rate is steadily increasing each year.

Question 36

Which falls outside the study of ecology?

A) spread of disease
B) predator-prey relationships
C) invasive plant species
D) bonds of DNA
E) land management

Question 37

The maximum number of individuals of a population that a habitat can support indefinitely is its carrying capacity.

Question 38

Source: Data from U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base
Based upon the age structure diagram,you expect the American population to

A) grow because all of the age classes have roughly equal proportions of people.
B) grow then shrink because many of the people will be entering the post-reproductive years.
C) grow because a large proportion of the population will be entering the reproductive years.
D) grow then decline because a lower proportion of individuals are in prereproductive age classes.
E) No answer is correct.

Question 39

When exponential growth is plotted over time a J-shaped curve emerges.

Question 40

Ecologists study

A) prokaryotes only.
B) eukaryotes only.
C) interactions between all organisms.
D) plants and animals only.
E) animals only.

Question 41

If a species of guppy lives in a stream where there is more food than they need,they are at carrying capacity.

Question 42

If a species of fruit fly needs a minimum amount of leaf surface area for mating,once there are enough fruit flies to occupy all mating spaces,the population is at carrying capacity.

Question 43

In the Investigating Life,researchers discovered that Mollies produced the most offspring in

A) light, nontoxic water.
B) light, toxic water.
C) dark, nontoxic water.
D) dark, toxic water.
E) All answer choices are correct since the amount of light or toxins didn't affect the number of offspring.

Question 44

A density-independent factor is one that affects population without regard to the number of individuals per area.

Question 45

If a scientist sees 20 finches in 3 trees where they nest at 5 p.m.,the population density is 4.

Question 46

Density-independent factors are abiotic.

Question 47

Water accounts for about half of the ecological footprint.

Question 48

If there are 10 tortoises on a 2 hectare island,the population density is 5 tortoises per hectare.

Question 49

Which level includes all the other levels?

A) organisms
B) population
C) ecosystem
D) biosphere
E) community

Question 50

The ________ measures the amount of land needed to support a country's overall lifestyle.

A) ecological footprint
B) carrying capacity
C) life table
D) survivorship curve
E) age structure