Deck 21: Plant Form and Function

Question 1

If you were observing a root every few days and saw that it enlarged and persisted throughout the life of the plant,you would be looking at a

A) fibrous root.
B) companion root.
C) rhizome.
D) stoma.
E) taproot.

Answer 1

E
Explanation: Taproots are found in eudicot plants.

Question 2

Internodes of plants are

A) located on the stems.
B) located on the roots.
C) dormant periods of time between rapid growth stages.
D) periods of time between releasing of pollen.
E) located on the male flower parts.

Answer 2

A
Explanation: Internodes connect successive nodes in a stem.

Question 3

Roots are long and thin to make them good at absorbing.

Answer 3

True
Explanation: In general, biological structures which are long and thin usually have something to do with absorption.

Question 4

The part of a plant that is the stalk-like part of a leaf is the

A) node.
B) petiole.
C) internode.
D) blade.
E) companion cell.

Question 5

You are given a sample of stem tissue to analyze and told that it comes from a plant growing actively in the summer.Chemical analysis shows that it contains abundant sucrose.You would guess that the tissue was xylem.

Question 6

Parasitic plants donate nutrients to other plants.

Question 7

If a plant exhibits determinate growth,the plant

A) continues to grow until the environment determines that it cannot.
B) produces auxiliary roots to help stabilize the plant.
C) sends out tendrils to support the plant.
D) stops growing when the plant reaches its mature size.
E) produces seeds only at one time during its life.

Question 8

Roots are usually found underground.

Question 9

Eudicot stems have vascular bundles scattered throughout the ground tissue.

Question 10

You are examining a soil sample,when you find a piece of a plant.Dissection shows that it is a stem,and chemical tests reveal the presence of large amounts of starch.You conclude that this is a 

A) stoma.
B) tuber.
C) lateral meristem.
D) stem.
E) tendril.

Question 11

The source of a plant's new cells is a type of plant tissue called its

A) tracheid.
B) meristem.
C) guard cell.
D) cortex.
E) mesophyll.

Question 12

What is NOT a function of plant roots?

A) anchor the plant
B) produce energy that the plant can use to carry out metabolism
C) absorb water
D) absorb mineral nutrients for the plant
E) form beneficial relationships with microorganisms, thereby increasing the plant's ability to obtain nutrients

Question 13

Compound leaves are defined as being divided into

A) blades.
B) companion cells.
C) leaflets.
D) stomata.
E) lateral meristems.

Question 14

Parasitic plants steal nutrients from the other plants' vascular tissue.

Question 15

Mistletoe is an example of a parasitic plant.

Question 16

Monocots have taproots while eudicots have fibrous roots.

Question 17

Stems that grow underground and produce roots and new shoots are

A) rhizomes.
B) always parasitic.
C) stomata.
D) tubers.
E) tendrils.

Question 18

The point at which one or more leaves attach to the stem of a plant is a(n)

A) petiole.
B) internode.
C) anther.
D) sieve tube.
E) node.

Question 19

The main vegetative parts of plants include

A) roots, flowers, and stems.
B) fruits, flowers, and leaves.
C) roots, stems, and leaves.
D) stems, roots, flowers, leaves, and fruits.
E) flowers and fruits only.

Question 20

What is NOT a function of plant stems?

A) storage of starch
B) support
C) storage of water
D) absorption of water from soil
E) protection from predators

Question 21

The tissue that produces cells to thicken a root or stem is the

A) apical meristem.
B) epidermis.
C) cortex.
D) lateral meristem.
E) None of the answer choices are correct.

Question 22

The type of plant cell that provides rigid support and is dead at maturity is a

A) sclerenchyma cell.
B) sieve tube cell.
C) parenchyma cell.
D) collenchyma cell.
E) guard cell.

Question 23

A collective term for all plant tissues outside the vascular cambium is

A) mesophyll.
B) bark.
C) leaf.
D) wood.
E) cork cambium.

Question 24

If a gardener wanted to help prevent erosion along a slope,it would be best to plant

A) grasses because they have fibrous roots.
B) grasses because they have taproots.
C) trees because they have taproots.
D) trees because they have fibrous roots.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 25

The main phloem-conducting cells are

A) tracheids.
B) companion cells.
C) sieve tube elements.
D) vessel elements.
E) stomata.

Question 26

The primary organ of photosynthesis in a plant is the

A) leaf.
B) stomata.
C) bark.
D) stem.
E) chlorophyll.

Question 27

The ________ transport(s)water and dissolved minerals from the roots of the plant to the shoots of the plant.

A) xylem
B) guard cells
C) phloem
D) epidermis
E) stomata

Question 28

Tomatoes,squash,and beans are considered fruits because they

A) contain seeds from a flowering plant.
B) were produced by a flowering plant.
C) can have a color other than green.
D) grow above the ground.
E) can be eaten raw.

Question 29

You drive a nail into a tree that is 10 feet tall,and come back 10 years later.The tree is now 30 feet tall,but the nail is the same distance from the ground.This is because the tree grows up from

A) the apical meristem only.
B) the lateral meristem only.
C) both the lateral and apical meristems.
D) the soil line.
E) the node.

Question 30

When preparing slides to look at mitosis,the tips of onion roots are a good source of cells because they contain ________ where mitosis is taking place consistently.

A) vascular tissue
B) veins
C) apical meristems
D) lateral meristems
E) All answers are correct.

Question 31

The conducting cells of the xylem are called

A) sieve tube elements.
B) tracheids and companion cells.
C) tracheids and vessel elements.
D) vessel elements and sieve tube elements.
E) companion cells and sieve tube elements.

Question 32

You are examining a newly discovered plant when you find a dome of cells at the end of its stem.You have found the new plant's 

A) apical meristem.
B) lateral meristem.
C) tracheid.
D) vascular bundle.
E) None of the answer choices are correct.

Question 33

The root cap

A) protects the meristem from abrasion.
B) is located at the tip of the root.
C) secretes a lubricant for the growing root.
D) plays a role in sensing gravity.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 34

You are examining a plant that has recently been discovered.You notice that its leaves have small openings,and that when these openings close,photosynthesis stops.The cells on either side of these pores are 

A) sieve tube cells.
B) vascular cells.
C) companion cells.
D) pith cells.
E) guard cells.

Question 35

The pores through which leaves exchange gases with the atmosphere are

A) epidermal cells.
B) sieve tube elements.
C) guard cells.
D) petioles.
E) stomata.

Question 36

The type of plant cell that provides support without interfering with growth and is familiar as the "strings in celery" is a

A) sieve tube cell.
B) collenchyma cell.
C) parenchyma cell.
D) sclerenchyma cell.
E) guard cell.

Question 37

You drive a nail into a tree that is 10 feet tall,so that 5 inches of the nail are showing.You come back 10 years later.The tree is now 30 feet tall and only 3 inches of the nail are showing.This is because the tree grows out from

A) the lateral meristem only.
B) the apical meristem only.
C) both the lateral and apical meristems.
D) the bark.
E) the node.

Question 38

The secondary xylem and phloem are produced by the

A) vascular cambium.
B) sieve tube.
C) apical meristem.
D) mycorrhizal fungi.
E) companion cells.

Question 39

A waxy layer secreted by the epidermal cells of a plant is the

A) stomata.
B) cuticle.
C) guard cell.
D) xylem.
E) phloem.

Question 40

If you want to make maple syrup,you have to extract sugary syrup from a stem tissue,so you would tap the ________ tissue.

A) phloem
B) guard cells
C) xylem
D) epidermis
E) stomata

Question 41

Most carnivorous plants use their prey as a primary source of

A) nitrogen.
B) energy.
C) carbon.
D) magnesium.
E) potassium.

Question 42

In the spring before the leaves come out,maple trees are often tapped to collect sap to make syrup.The sugars were stored in the wood of the tree as starch and then released as temperatures rise above freezing in late winter.Which of the following best describes the original source of the sugars found in the sap?

A) photosynthesis during the previous summer
B) photosynthesis that winter
C) photosynthesis occurring in the spring while the sap is flowing
D) breakdown of cellulose in the tree
E) absorption from the soil

Question 43

"K" is the chemical symbol for

A) phosphorus.
B) potassium.
C) nickel.
D) krypton.
E) copper.

Question 44

Apoptosis is Greek for "dropping off" and refers to the programmed death of cells that attach the petiole to the stem.When these cells die in the fall,the leaves drop.Cells in which part of the plant are undergoing apoptosis?

A) lateral meristem only
B) apical meristem only
C) all types of meristem
D) blade
E) node

Question 45

Which two seasons would contribute to tree rings in a deciduous tree found in the north?

A) spring and summer
B) spring and fall
C) winter and spring
D) winter and summer
E) summer and fall

Question 46

The shoot of a plant is the aboveground part of a plant.

Question 47

Which best describes a compound leaf?

A) multiple blades attached to a single petiole
B) a single blade attached to a petiole
C) a single leaflet attached to a petiole
D) multiple leaflets attached to a single petiole
E) multiple leaflets attached to multiple petioles

Question 48

If you cut a stalk of celery and put it in a glass of water containing red food coloring overnight,the next morning the celery will be red.Through what was the food coloring taken up?

A) phloem
B) stomata
C) xylem
D) dermal tissue
E) ground tissue

Question 49

Root hairs greatly increase the absorptive surface area of a root.

Question 50

The three main types of tissue formed by plant cells are ground tissue,dermal tissue,and vascular tissue.

Question 51

If a friend gave you a culinary herb that,season after season,produced no woody growth,you could call it an herbaceous plant.

Question 52

The opening and closing of a plant's stomata is regulated by the flow of ________ ions.

A) phosphorus
B) magnesium
C) copper
D) sulfur
E) potassium

Question 53

Where would you expect to find sapwood in a cross section of a tree trunk?

A) in the center
B) just to the inside of the bark
C) in the bark
D) in the roots
E) All answers are correct.

Question 54

If a plant exhibits a pattern of indeterminate growth,it stops growing when it reaches mature size.

Question 55

One way to kill a tree is to girdle it by cutting a groove a centimeter into the bark all around the trunk of the tree.Why wouldn't girdling work on a large grass?

A) The vascular bundles are in a ring just under the bark.
B) The vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue.
C) Monocots don't have vascular bundles.
D) Eudicots don't have vascular bundles.
E) Grasses have taproots.

Question 56

If you dug up a plant and found it to have fibrous roots,you would suspect it to be a monocot.

Question 57

Nutrients that an organism needs in fairly large amounts are referred to as

A) total nutrients.
B) macronutrients.
C) micronutrients.
D) solid nutrients.
E) essential nutrients.

Question 58

On a hot,sunny day,which of the following would help protect a plant from water loss?

A) both cuticle and stomata
B) both cuticle and cortex
C) both stomata and cortex
D) both cuticle and phloem
E) both phloem and stomata

Question 59

One way to kill a tree is to girdle it by cutting a groove a centimeter into the bark all around the trunk of the tree.The tree will typically survive that growing season,but will die over the winter.Which is the best explanation for this observation?

A) The phloem was cut, so water and nutrients cannot be taken up to the leaves.
B) The xylem was cut, so sugars cannot be transported to the roots.
C) The xylem was cut, so water and nutrients cannot be taken up to the leaves.
D) Cutting the bark allows access to pathogens that kill the tree.
E) The phloem was cut, so sugars cannot be transported to the roots.

Question 60

A potato stores a lot of starch.Which tissue would you expect to be most abundant in a potato?

A) dermal tissue
B) vascular tissue
C) ground tissue
D) equal amounts of ground and dermal tissue
E) equal amounts of dermal and vascular tissue

Question 61

Plants need nitrogen to make 

A) amino acids.
B) proteins.
C) nucleic acids.
D) chlorophyll.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 62

Throughout a growing season,a plant uses up to 1000 liters (or kg.)of water to produce just 1 kilogram of tissue.What happens to most of the remaining 999 kg.of water?

A) It is used in the cytoplasm.
B) It is used in photosynthesis.
C) It is used in hydrolysis reactions.
D) It evaporates (transpiration).
E) It passes back through the roots into the soil.

Question 63

The evaporation of water from the leaf of a plant is

A) totally prevented by the leaf's cuticle.
B) not affected by temperature.
C) condensation.
D) transpiration.
E) precipitation.

Question 64

Carbon dioxide enters a plant from the atmosphere through pores called

A) guard cells.
B) companion cells.
C) sieve tubes.
D) nodes.
E) stomata.

Question 65

The products of photosynthesis move from the leaf to other parts of the plant via

A) xylem.
B) phloem.
C) cortex.
D) cortex and phloem.
E) cortex and xylem.

Question 66

In the pressure flow theory,any part of a plant that does not carry out photosynthesis is a

A) source.
B) sink.
C) reservoir.
D) aqueduct.
E) companion cell.

Question 67

Using organic matter such as manure or compost for fertilizer

A) improves fertility.
B) aerates the soil.
C) increases the water-holding capacity of the soil.
D) provides food for beneficial soil microorganisms.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 68

If water were being pushed from below,air bubbles in the xylem stream would not pose a problem.However,the observation that air bubbles can interrupt xylem function provides important evidence supporting the ________ theory of water movement.

A) gravity-suction
B) active transport
C) pressure-flow
D) osmotic
E) cohesion-tension

Question 69

Which will not increase the rate of transpiration in a plant?

A) high humidity
B) low humidity
C) high wind speeds
D) high temperature
E) All answers are correct.

Question 70

"P" is the chemical symbol for

A) nickel.
B) potassium.
C) plutonium.
D) phosphorus.
E) copper.

Question 71

Why might the entry of salt water into a freshwater swamp harm the native plants there?

A) The salt competes with minerals for uptake by the plants, limiting their growth.
B) Salts bind to nitrogen, preventing it from being taken up.
C) The plants cannot move sugars down the xylem if there is salt outside of the roots pulling water out.
D) Photosynthesis is inhibited by salt.
E) The plant roots cannot take up water if the soil salt concentration is high.

Question 72

The innermost layer of the cortex of a plant root is the

A) epidermis.
B) stoma.
C) guard cell.
D) endodermis.
E) petiole.

Question 73

How does sap move within phloem toward a sink?

A) by a pump
B) by pressure
C) by gravity
D) by osmosis
E) by active transport

Question 74

During photosynthesis in a leaf,sugars are loaded into the sieve tube by ________ followed by ________ of water to increase the pressure.

A) osmosis; facilitated diffusion
B) facilitated diffusion; osmosis
C) gravity; active transport
D) active transport; osmosis
E) osmosis; transpiration

Question 75

The concentration of solutes in most soil is lower than the concentration of solutes in root cells,so water enters the roots by

A) hydrostatic pressure.
B) cohesion.
C) adhesion.
D) hydrolysis.
E) osmosis.

Question 76

The tendency of water molecules to "cling" together is

A) cohesion.
B) adhesion.
C) hydrolysis.
D) condensation.
E) evaporation.

Question 77

The bacterium Rhizobium

A) triggers the development of root nodules in legumes.
B) enters plants through the root hairs.
C) lives symbiotically within plant cells.
D) breaks the triple covalent bond in N₂.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 78

The water absorption rate of a plant's roots is greatly increased by

A) the presence of many stomata.
B) the presence of root hairs only.
C) both associations with mycorrhizal fungi and the presence of root hairs.
D) association with mycorrhizal fungi only.
E) both the presence of many stomata and root hairs.

Question 79

If a friend,who knew you were going to a garden center,asked you to buy some "10-10-10," you would know that you were being asked for a fertilizer containing 

A) zinc, magnesium, and potassium.
B) nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
C) copper, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
D) carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen.
E) nitrogen, zinc, and copper.

Question 80

If asked how nitrogen becomes available to plants,you would point downward,since nitrogen enters plants through their

A) stomata.
B) leaves.
C) roots.
D) roots and leaves.
E) stomata and leaves.