Deck 24: The Nervous System and the Senses

Question 1

A motor neuron's ________ and ________ reside in the central nervous system,but its ________ extend(s)into the peripheral nervous system.

A) cell body; dendrites; axon
B) dendrites; cell body; axon 
C) dendrites; axon; cell body
D) axon; cell body; dendrites
E) None of the answers are correct.

Answer 1

A
Explanation: Motor neurons take processed information from the central nervous system back out to effectors.

Question 2

The junctions between one neuron and another neuron are called

A) axons.
B) dendrites.
C) synapses.
D) cell bodies.
E) myelin sheaths.

Answer 2

C
Explanation: While electrical signals are what travel most of the length of the nervous system, chemical signals are used across synapses.

Question 3

The rounded part of a neuron containing the nucleus and mitochondria is the

A) myelin sheath.
B) axon.
C) synapse.
D) dendrite.
E) cell body.

Answer 3

E
Explanation: The cell body is crucial for keeping the cell alive, but, in some ways, it is least critical for the transmission of nerve impulses.

Question 4

The part of the neuron that is usually a single long extension that conducts an impulse to a muscle or another neuron is the

A) synapse.
B) cell body.
C) axon.
D) dendrite.
E) myelin sheath.

Question 5

The type of neuron that connects one neuron to another within the central nervous system is the

A) synaptic neuron.
B) interneuron.
C) sensory neuron.
D) motor neuron.
E) neuroglia.

Question 6

If you were using electrodes and chemical tests to find a resting neuron,you would look for a neuron in which 

A) active transport is not occurring.
B) sodium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside.
C) very little metabolism is taking place.
D) the inside of a neuron is positively charged as compared to the outside.
E) potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside.

Question 7

A nerve impulse travels about ________ times faster when it leaps between gaps in the myelin sheath than when it travels along an unmyelinated axon.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 20
D) 100
E) 50

Question 8

An atom or molecule with an electrical charge is a(n)

A) isomer.
B) isotope.
C) ion.
D) neurotransmitter.
E) acid.

Question 9

A chemical that travels from a sending neuron to a receiving neuron is called a(n)

A) synaptic cleft.
B) action potential.
C) hormone.
D) neurotransmitter.
E) neurotoxin.

Question 10

The type of neuron that conducts its message from the central nervous system toward an effector is the

A) synaptic neuron.
B) interneuron.
C) motor neuron.
D) sensory neuron.
E) neuroglia.

Question 11

In myelinated axons

A) potassium ions can diffuse into the axon only at sections that are myelinated.
B) sodium ions can diffuse into the axon only at gaps in the myelin.
C) sodium ions can diffuse out of the axon only at sections that are myelinated.
D) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 12

In humans,what receptor is used primarily to detect sharp blows and excessive heat?

A) mechanoreceptor
B) chemoreceptor
C) photoreceptor
D) thermoreceptor
E) pain receptor

Question 13

If you wanted to study the part of a neuron that carries electrical signals away from the cell body,you would look for what part?

A) dendrite
B) axon
C) myelin sheath
D) cell body
E) hemisphere

Question 14

The three major components of the human nervous system are

A) sensory integration, glandular response, and motor response.
B) seeing, feeling, and hearing.
C) sensory input, sensory integration, and motor response.
D) smooth muscle response, cardiac muscle response, and skeletal muscle response.
E) None of the answer choices is correct.

Question 15

If you wanted to stop transmission from one neuron to another,you would want to destroy all 

A) neurotransmitters.
B) T tubules.
C) resting potentials.
D) sarcomeres.
E) myelin sheaths.

Question 16

The part of the neuron that is usually highly branched and receives input from other neurons is the

A) dendrite.
B) axon.
C) synapse.
D) cell body.
E) myelin sheath.

Question 17

The division of the nervous system that integrates sensory information and coordinates the body's response is the

A) peripheral nervous system.
B) central nervous system.
C) somatic nervous system.
D) autonomic nervous system.
E) sympathetic nervous system.

Question 18

The condition that develops when GABA levels in the brain are deficient is

A) epilepsy.
B) insomnia.
C) Huntington disease.
D) Alzheimer disease.
E) Parkinson disease.

Question 19

The three types of neurons in the nervous system of humans are

A) interneurons, synaptic neurons, and neuroglia.
B) synaptic neurons, motor neurons, and neuroglia.
C) sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons.
D) interneurons, sensory neurons, and neuroglia.
E) synaptic neurons, motor neurons, and sensory neurons.

Question 20

The type of neuron that brings information toward the central nervous system is the

A) synaptic neuron.
B) interneuron.
C) motor neuron.
D) sensory neuron.
E) neuroglia.

Question 21

Why would this lead to paralysis and death?

A) Neurons run out of energy.
B) Neurons swell because of increased osmosis.
C) Neurons can't recharge.
D) Neurons can't fire without a voltage change.
E) Neurons cannot release neurotransmitters.

Question 22

The part of the central nervous system that conducts information to and from the brain is the

A) motor neuron.
B) spinal cord.
C) sensory neuron.
D) cerebellum.
E) medulla oblongata.

Question 23

What best describes how a neuron fires?

A) Na⁺ ions cross the plasma membrane initiating a wave that travels down the axon.
B) Vesicles carry neurotransmitters from the nucleus to the other end of the neuron.
C) Na⁺ ions enter one end of the neuron and diffuse to the other end down the axon.
D) Neurotransmitters enter one end of the neuron and diffuse to the other end down the axon.
E) Neurotransmitters cross the plasma membrane creating a wave that travels down the axon.

Question 24

The condition that develops when dopamine levels in the brain are deficient is

A) epilepsy.
B) insomnia.
C) Alzheimer disease.
D) Huntington disease.
E) Parkinson disease.

Question 25

If asked to point to the place on a model of the brain where essential functions such as breathing,blood pressure,heart rate,and swallowing are regulated,you would point to the

A) cerebellum.
B) thalamus.
C) medulla oblongata.
D) pons.
E) cerebrum.

Question 26

The division of the peripheral nervous system that carries signals to voluntary muscles is the

A) somatic system.
B) autonomic system.
C) sympathetic system.
D) parasympathetic system.
E) None of the answer choices are correct.

Question 27

A neuron recharges when Na⁺ ions

A) are actively pumped against their concentration gradient.
B) spontaneously move down their concentration gradient.
C) spontaneously move against their concentration gradient.
D) are actively pumped down their concentration gradient.

Question 28

What does the puffer fish neurotoxin tetrodotoxin directly inhibit?

A) proteins involved in active transport
B) channel proteins involved in osmosis
C) proteins involved in ATP synthesis
D) channel proteins involved in diffusion
E) relaxation of muscles

Question 29

The condition that develops when acetylcholine levels in the brain are deficient is

A) epilepsy.
B) insomnia.
C) Parkinson disease.
D) Huntington disease.
E) Alzheimer disease.

Question 30

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which a person produces antibodies against myelin.How would this affect the nervous system?

A) Nerve impulses would travel faster.
B) Nerves would fire continuously.
C) Nerves would be unable to fire.
D) Nerve impulses would travel more slowly.
E) Nerves cannot release neurotransmitters to pass the signal to muscles.

Question 31

The condition that develops when there is excess GABA leading to excess dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain is

A) insomnia.
B) epilepsy.
C) Alzheimer disease.
D) Parkinson disease.
E) Huntington disease.

Question 32

Acetylcholine is what?

A) an enzyme
B) a neurotransmitter
C) a voltage gated ion channel
D) a receptor
E) a source of fuel for neurons

Question 33

If asked to point to the place on a model of the brain where subconscious muscular movements are coordinated,you would point to the 

A) cerebellum.
B) hypothalamus.
C) medulla oblongata.
D) pons.
E) cerebrum.

Question 34

What effect would Reminyl have on a neuron's ability to release neurotransmitters?

A) It would decrease.
B) It would stay the same.
C) It would increase.
D) It would increase, then decrease.
E) None of the answer choices are correct.

Question 35

The part of the brain that controls the qualities of what we consider the "mind" is the

A) cerebellum.
B) hypothalamus.
C) cerebrum.
D) medulla oblongata.
E) pons.

Question 36

The nervous tissue that consists of myelinated axons transmitting information throughout the central nervous system is the

A) white reflex.
B) gray matter.
C) red reflex.
D) red matter.
E) white matter.

Question 37

If you were working with a patient with brain damage who had serious problems with homeostasis,you would suspect that the brain damage included the 

A) cerebellum.
B) hypothalamus.
C) hippocampus.
D) pons.
E) cerebrum.

Question 38

The nervous tissue of the central nervous system that consists of neuron cell bodies and synapses is the

A) white matter.
B) white reflex.
C) gray matter.
D) gray reflex.
E) red matter.

Question 39

The layered membranes that jacket the central nervous system are the

A) gray matter.
B) meninges.
C) white matter.
D) epidermis.
E) myelin sheaths.

Question 40

A neuron fires when Na⁺ ions

A) move against their concentration gradient spontaneously.
B) are actively pumped down their concentration gradient.
C) move down their concentration gradient spontaneously.
D) are actively pumped against their concentration gradient.
E) None of the answer choices is correct.

Question 41

In humans,if you wanted to eliminate the ability to smell dung,which type of receptor should be changed?

A) photoreceptor
B) chemoreceptor
C) thermoreceptor
D) pain receptor
E) mechanoreceptor

Question 42

During an action potential,sodium ions enter the cell.

Question 43

Working with a patient with eye problems,you discover that the patient cannot focus images.You suspect that there may be a defect in the 

A) lens.
B) cone.
C) pupil.
D) retina.
E) iris.

Question 44

If you were studying mutant rabbits which seem unable to sense and move away from a harmful heat source,you would look for a gene coding for what kind of protein?

A) photoreceptor
B) pain receptor
C) thermoreceptor
D) mechanoreceptor
E) chemoreceptor

Question 45

Drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)block reuptake of serotonin and are used to treat depression.Which of the following would occur in a patient given a SSRI?

A) Serotonin levels would decrease in the synapse.
B) Serotonin levels would increase in the synapse.
C) More serotonin would be released by the neuron.
D) Less serotonin would be released by the neuron.
E) None of the answer choices is correct.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT one of the general senses?

A) pain
B) vision
C) touch
D) temperature

Question 47

Neurotransmitters released from a "sending" cell must travel across a tiny space called a synaptic cleft.

Question 48

A mutant fruit fly with poor nerve transmission proves to have poor reception of signals sent by one neuron to another.This is probably due to mutated dendrite formation.

Question 49

Unmyelinated regions are critical parts of synapses.

Question 50

In humans,which type of receptor is used primarily to detect light?

A) photoreceptor
B) pain receptor
C) chemoreceptor
D) mechanoreceptor
E) thermoreceptor

Question 51

Chemical substances that elicit specific responses in other members of the same species are referred to as

A) hormones.
B) pheromones.
C) neuroglia.
D) meninges.
E) cochleas.

Question 52

If a neuron is at rest,the concentration of potassium ions is greatest outside the cell and the concentration of sodium ions is greatest inside the cell.

Question 53

If you wanted to disrupt transmission of nervous signals from the brain to skeletal muscles,you could use a drug to destroy interneurons.

Question 54

Receptors for the general senses are

A) limited to the head.
B) limited to the legs.
C) found only in the brain and spinal cord.
D) found throughout the body.
E) found only on the surface of the body.

Question 55

The reason that we can tell light from sound is because different neurons transmit these different stimuli.

Question 56

The opening for light to enter into the eye is the

A) cornea.
B) retina.
C) pupil.
D) iris.
E) lens.

Question 57

The dendrite is the receiving end of a synapse.

Question 58

The size of the opening for light coming into the eye is regulated by the

A) cornea.
B) pupil.
C) iris.
D) cone.
E) lens.

Question 59

Dopamine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter released into neuromuscular synapses.Patients with Parkinson disease have decreased dopamine and therefore will exhibit

A) hyperactive voluntary movements.
B) slowed senses.
C) slowed voluntary movements.
D) decreased mental ability and memory loss.
E) excessive sleeping.

Question 60

A phenomenon in which sensations become less noticeable with prolonged exposure is called

A) gradient adaptation.
B) an action potential.
C) a graded potential.
D) radiating adaptation.
E) sensory adaptation.

Question 61

An action potential is not generated by mechanoreceptors of the general senses when

A) you taste a sour lemon.
B) you get a paper cut on your finger.
C) a bee stings you.
D) you remove frozen foods from the freezer.
E) you put on a shirt.

Question 62

When you look at the water,what is being activated?

A) thermoreceptor
B) pain receptor
C) photoreceptor
D) mechanoreceptor
E) chemoreceptor

Question 63

While in the treatment room at your eye doctor,you bump a model of the eye,and the sheet-like,innermost layer of the eye falls out into your hand.When you replace it,you have put back the 

A) cornea.
B) retina.
C) pupil.
D) iris.
E) lens.

Question 64

When you smell the salty air and seaweed,what is being activated?

A) mechanoreceptor
B) thermoreceptor
C) photoreceptor
D) chemoreceptor
E) pain receptor

Question 65

An action potential is generated when the general senses detect

A) warm bath water.
B) a cold pool.
C) a kiss.
D) a cut or scrape.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 66

A pheromone is a chemical substance that elicits a specific response in members of a different species.

Question 67

When a snake flicks its tongue,the tips of the forked tongue pass through openings in the palate and contact sensory cells in the snout.How would this help a snake detect its prey?

A) The snout touches the prey, stimulating mechanoreceptors that let the snake identify the prey.
B) The snake can taste its prey when it bites it to tell if it is edible.
C) The motion of the tongue moves air over the snake's snout, helping it to smell.
D) The tongue touches the prey, stimulating mechanoreceptors that let the snake identify the prey.
E) Odor molecules from the prey are brought to the snake's receptors.

Question 68

In conductive deafness,the middle ear fails to move sound to the inner ear.By amplifying sounds in the auditory canal,the hearing aid moves the ________ more than normal,helping the person hear more clearly.

A) cochlea
B) eardrum
C) round window
D) utricle
E) auditory nerve

Question 69

Bone-conduction aids transmit sound waves directly to the oval window.This would bypass the

A) inner ear.
B) auditory nerve.
C) round window.
D) middle ear.
E) cochlea.

Question 70

When you hear the waves,what is being activated?

A) mechanoreceptor
B) thermoreceptor
C) photoreceptor
D) chemoreceptor
E) pain receptor

Question 71

In the cochlea,sound is transmitted into nerve signals that reach the brain through

A) photoreceptors.
B) thermoreceptors.
C) pain receptors.
D) mechanoreceptors.
E) chemoreceptors.

Question 72

In humans,taste buds are most highly concentrated on the inside surface of the lips of the mouth.

Question 73

The diagram shows a

A) neuron cell body.
B) synapse.
C) neuroglial cell.
D) myelin sheath.
E) meninge.

Question 74

Odorous molecules are first detected in the nose and are transduced into receptor potentials,which travel to the olfactory bulb and then to the cerebral cortex.

Question 75

When you feel the sun on your skin,what is being activated?

A) mechanoreceptor
B) photoreceptor
C) pain receptor
D) thermoreceptor
E) chemoreceptor

Question 76

The nerve that conducts impulses to the area of the brain that determines sound is the

A) olfactory nerve.
B) auditory nerve.
C) optic nerve.
D) retinal nerve.
E) pons.

Question 77

What is true of olfactory cells and taste buds?

A) Olfactory receptors are chemoreceptors that detect odor molecules, while taste buds contain mechanoreceptors that allow the sense of taste in the mouth.
B) Olfactory receptors are mechanoreceptors that detect odor molecules, while taste buds contain chemoreceptors that allow the sense of taste in the mouth.
C) Olfactory receptors are chemoreceptors that detect odor molecules, and taste buds are chemoreceptors that allow the sense of taste in the mouth.
D) Olfactory receptors are mechanoreceptors that detect odor molecules, and taste buds are mechanoreceptors that allow the sense of taste in the mouth.

Question 78

At the snail-shaped ________ of the inner ear,sound is transduced into nerve impulses.

A) auditory canal
B) eardrum
C) auditory nerve
D) cochlea
E) oval window

Question 79

The layer of the wall of the eye that contains blood vessels that supply nutrients to the sheet of photoreceptors at the back of the eye and becomes the iris at the front of the eye is the

A) sclera.
B) retina.
C) vitreous humor.
D) aqueous humor.
E) choroid.

Question 80

In the diagram,the squares which are transported from a neuron,through the synaptic cleft,and received by the receptors of another cell are called

A) sodium ions.
B) potassium ions.
C) neurotransmitters.
D) oxygen molecules.
E) neuroglia.