Deck 3: Cells

Question 1

How do cells avoid surface area limitations?

A) all of the choices
B) flattened shape
C) long and thin shape
D) transportation system that circulates materials inside the cell
E) many microscopic extensions

Answer 1

A
Explanation: Surface area considerations govern the shape and function of many cells.

Question 2

The scientist given credit for adding the third component to the cell theory,all cells come from preexisting cells,was

A) Robert Hooke.
B) Theodor Schwann.
C) Rudolf Virchow.
D) Carl Woese.
E) J. Craig Venter.

Answer 2

C
Explanation: Virchow modified Schleiden and Schwann's theory.

Question 3

What type of membrane protein is involved in creating anchoring junctions between animal cells?

A) transport proteins
B) enzymes
C) recognition proteins
D) adhesion proteins
E) receptor proteins

Answer 3

D
Explanation: Membrane proteins are critical for the junctions which attach animal cells to one another and to other objects.

Question 4

Why are cells called "the fundamental unit of life"?

A) All known organisms have one or more cells.
B) Earliest life on Earth is hypothesized to have been single-celled.
C) Some cells are separate living entities that can survive individually.
D) Cells are the smallest unit of life that can function independently.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 5

Eukaryotic cells

A) have cell walls with peptidoglycan.
B) are usually smaller than prokaryotic cells.
C) have nucleiods.
D) have membrane-bound organelles.
E) do not usually have a nucleus.

Question 6

What do a pine tree,an octopus,and a bacterium have in common at the cellular level?

A) nothing in common
B) nuclei
C) blood supply
D) cancerous tissues
E) genetic material

Question 7

A phospholipid molecule

A) has a hydrophilic head that is repelled by water.
B) has hydrophilic tails that are repelled by water.
C) has a hydrophilic head that is attracted to water.
D) has a hydrophobic head that is repelled by water.
E) has hydrophobic tails that are attracted to water.

Question 8

Which pair of junctions,have the most analogous function?

A) plasmodesmata, gap junction
B) plasmodesmata, tight junction
C) tight junction, anchoring junction
D) gap junction, anchoring junction
E) anchoring junction, plasmodesmata

Question 9

Penicillin halts bacterial infections by

A) stimulating a person's immune system.
B) damaging the cell membrane.
C) interfering with the construction of the cell wall.
D) causing the DNA of a bacterium to mutate.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 10

The theory of endosymbiosis is based on

A) the knowledge that ribosomes are structures found in bacteria, plants, and animals.
B) the experiments in which bacteria were grown in plant cells and formed chloroplasts.
C) the knowledge that chloroplasts and mitochondria resemble bacteria.
D) evidence from the fossil record.
E) similarities between chloroplasts and other organelles in animals.

Question 11

The phospholipid bilayer of membranes allows lipids and small nonpolar molecules to pass across membranes,but prohibits the passage of ions and polar molecules.This occurs because the phospholipid tails are

A) always saturated.
B) hydrophilic and hydrophobic.
C) always unsaturated.
D) hydrophilic and selectively permeable.
E) hydrophobic and selectively permeable.

Question 12

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an animal cell membrane?

A) It has a fluid structure.
B) It has a rigid structure.
C) It has a fluid mosaic structure.
D) It has a bilayer of phospholipids.
E) It contains cholesterol.

Question 13

Which component of the cell theory argues against life on Earth evolving from inorganic molecules?

A) All organisms are made of one or more cells.
B) The cell is the fundamental unit of all life.
C) All cells come from preexisting cells.
D) Cells are small in size.
E) All cells are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

Question 14

The original three components of the cell theory are that

A) all organisms have DNA, DNA is the fundamental unit of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells.
B) all organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the fundamental unit of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells.
C) all organisms have DNA, all organisms are made of cells, and all cells produce proteins.
D) all organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the fundamental unit of life, and all cells have a nucleus.
E) all organisms are made of one or more cells, all cells contain DNA, and all cells come from preexisting cells.

Question 15

The cell wall of bacteria

A) helps prevent the cell from bursting.
B) protects the cell.
C) gives bacteria distinct shapes.
D) may contain a capsule.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 16

Which of the following are the primary components of the cell membrane and contribute to its semi-permeability property?

A) cholesterols
B) proteins
C) phospholipids
D) enzymes
E) sugars

Question 17

The scientist(s)given credit for formulating the "cell theory" was (were)

A) Robert Hooke.
B) Carl Woese.
C) J. Craig Venter.
D) Mathias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann.
E) Antony van Leeuwenhoek.

Question 18

What type of membrane protein is involved in passing ions and polar molecules across membranes?

A) transport proteins
B) enzymes
C) recognition proteins
D) adhesion proteins
E) receptor proteins

Question 19

The three domains in the Woese system of classification are

A) Bacteria, Animalia, and Plantae.
B) Fungi, Protista, and Animalia.
C) Archaea, Eukarya, and Protista.
D) Monera, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
E) Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.

Question 20

The scientist given credit for first using the term "cell" to describe the basic unit of life was

A) Mathias Schleiden.
B) Robert Hooke.
C) Carl Woese.
D) Rudolf Virchow.
E) J. Craig Venter.

Question 21

A cytoskeleton is

A) a structure that aids in the process of cell division.
B) found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
C) a system of tracks used for transport.
D) composed of microtubules and microfilaments.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 22

If you asked students to describe the Golgi apparatus on an exam,you would deduct points if a student described it as 

A) an organelle.
B) a processing center.
C) studded with ribosomes.
D) a stack of membrane enclosed sacs.
E) involved with secretion of cellular components.

Question 23

In most mammals,the mitochondrial DNA is inherited from

A) the father only.
B) the mother and father.
C) either parent.
D) the mother only.
E) Mitochondria are not found in mammals.

Question 24

Which of the following roles is not performed by the rough endoplasmic reticulum nor the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A) protein production
B) lipid production
C) detoxification of poisons
D) DNA production
E) vesicle formation for transport to the Golgi apparatus

Question 25

In order,the organelles involved in the production of milk are 

A) nucleus, nuclear pore, rough ER, smooth ER, transport vesicle, Golgi body, and vesicle for secretion.
B) nucleus, smooth ER, rough ER, nuclear pore, transport vesicle, Golgi body, and vesicle for secretion.
C) nucleus, transport vesicle, rough ER, smooth ER, Golgi body, and vesicle for secretion.
D) nucleus, nuclear pore, Golgi body, rough ER, transport vesicle, smooth ER, and vesicle for secretion.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 26

Mitochondria are known for all of the following except that they do not

A) have their own DNA.
B) extract energy from food.
C) have two membranes.
D) have cristae.
E) carry out photosynthesis.

Question 27

A protein channel linking the cytoplasm of adjacent cells is called

A) a tight junction.
B) a gap junction.
C) an adhering junction.
D) an adjacent junctions.
E) a microtubular junction.

Question 28

What is the advantage of a mature red blood cell having a flattened shape rather than a spherical shape?

A) It is easier for them to fit through arteries and veins.
B) It provides more membrane for the electron transport chains where oxygen is consumed.
C) It provides more receptor sites for the membrane-bound hemoglobin molecules which transport oxygen.
D) It saves energy by making more membrane relative to the volume of the cell.
E) It maximizes the relative surface area for gas exchange.

Question 29

Cells typically keep the surface to volume ratio high.If a cell was a cube and you doubled the height,width,and length of the cell,how much would the surface area increase?

A) 2 times greater
B) 4 times greater
C) It would stay the same.
D) 9 times greater
E) 8 times greater

Question 30

Cells typically keep the surface to volume ratio high.If a cell was a cube and you doubled the height,width,and length of the cell,how much would the volume increase?

A) 2 times greater
B) 8 times greater
C) It would stay the same.
D) 9 times greater
E) 4 times greater

Question 31

All eukaryotic cells produce proteins.Proteins that will be secreted from the cell are made by ribosomes attached to the

A) cell wall.
B) chloroplast.
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum.
D) mitochondrion.
E) Golgi apparatus.

Question 32

In plant cells,a central vacuole

A) produces protein.
B) degrades molecules and organelles and maintains water pressure.
C) produces mRNA.
D) stores genetic information.
E) produces energy from food.

Question 33

Which of the following are recycling centers for cells?

A) ribosomes and Golgi apparatus
B) endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplasts
C) mitochondria and nucleus
D) central vacuole and lysosomes
E) All answers choices are correct.

Question 34

Which of the following organelles would help you differentiate between plant and animal cells?

A) a centriole
B) a ribosome
C) a cell membrane
D) a peroxisome
E) a chloroplast

Question 35

Flagella can be

A) found on prokaryotic cells.
B) found on human sperm.
C) used for movement.
D) found on eukaryotic cells.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 36

What would be the reason for a scientist engineering a cell for a high surface area-to-volume ratio?

A) To maximize the relative surface area to exchange nutrients, water, and waste.
B) To maximize the exchange of heat.
C) To provide more volume to store extra organelles.
D) To provide more volume to store nutrients.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 37

The function of the nucleolus is

A) protein synthesis.
B) photosynthesis.
C) to transport materials out of the nucleus.
D) to assemble components of ribosomes.
E) to assemble DNA.

Question 38

The most prominent organelle in most eukaryotic cells,that contains most of its DNA,is the

A) endoplasmic reticulum.
B) nucleus.
C) ribosome.
D) nucleolus.
E) cell membrane.

Question 39

Which of the following are cellular digestion centers?

A) peroxisomes and ribosomes
B) lysosomes and peroxisomes
C) ribosomes and chloroplasts
D) chloroplasts and ribosomes
E) lysosomes and Golgi apparatus

Question 40

Chloroplasts are known for all of the following except being

A) glucose factories.
B) responsible for respiration.
C) found in plants.
D) organelles that carry out photosynthesis.
E) found in some protists.

Question 41

Bacteria with magnetosomes swim based on the direction of the

A) magnetic fields.
B) gravity.
C) sunlight.
D) moving water.
E) turbulence.

Question 42

Magnetism-detecting bacteria turn with an applied magnetic field.

Question 43

Unlike microtubules,which operate in the cilia and flagella,what is the role of microfilaments in eukaryotic cells?

A) a component of the cytoskeleton
B) provide strength during cell stretching and compression
C) anchor cells to each other
D) involved in muscle contractions with myosin protein
E) All of the answers choices are correct.

Question 44

If you were examining a plasmodesma under a microscope,you would expect to find a plant cell at each end.

Question 45

Eukaryotic cells are 10-100 times larger than prokaryotic cells.How do eukaryotic cells resolve the surface area to volume limitations that favor smaller cells?

A) They have pumps that move gasses and nutrients through the cell.
B) Movement of materials is prevented in cells without a cell wall.
C) Organelles keep reactions compartmentalized and concentrated.
D) Gasses are taken up by active transport.
E) None of the biochemical reactions in prokaryotes occur in eukaryotes.

Question 46

The cytoskeleton consists of microtubules,microfilaments,and intermediate filaments.

Question 47

What type of microscope would you use if you wanted to examine the movement of a freshwater protist?

A) light microscope
B) transmission electron microscope
C) scanning electron microscope
D) light microscope and transmission electron microscope
E) transmission and scanning electron microscopes

Question 48

Endosymbiosis is a theory based on the presence of structures like chloroplasts and ribosomes,which resemble cells from prokaryotic domains,in eukaryotic cells.

Question 49

Endosymbiosis is a theory based on the resemblance of chloroplasts and mitochondria to bacteria.

Question 50

If you found a piece of animal tissue that did not allow fluid to cross between cells,you would predict that it contained tight junctions.

Question 51

Which of the following do plants use to transport nutrients between adjacent cells?

A) tight junction
B) gap junction
C) plasmodesmata
D) anchoring junction
E) cell wall

Question 52

You discover a new life form,and study it under an electron microscope.You find that it has no organelles,a peptidoglycan cell wall,and fatty acids in its plasma membrane.You conclude that the new life form is in domain

A) Bacteria.
B) Archaea.
C) Eukarya.
D) Protista.
E) Animalia.

Question 53

Some prokaryotes do have internal membranes,used in detecting gravity.

Question 54

If you collected and external part of a eukaryotic plasma membrane,and chemical tests showed that it was made of cellulose,you would expect to see plasmodesmata if observed with an electron microscope.

Question 55

You are working on a forensics team and collect cells from a crime scene.The cells have a cell wall made of cellulose.This sample most likely came from

A) an animal.
B) a bacterium.
C) a plant.
D) a fungus.
E) an archaean.

Question 56

Scientists have discovered a few prokaryotic cells do have internal membranes.