Deck 16: Plants, Fungi, and Protists

Question 1

It is particularly important for pregnant women to carefully wash their hands and take other precautions if they have a pet cat and are changing the litter box.An organism occasionally carried by cats,pig,and sheep can infect humans and pass from mother to child in utero,resulting in severe symptoms in the growing child.Microscopic examination of this organism shows a nucleus and other visible cellular organelles.It obtains all its nutrients from whichever host it currently occupies and can multiply by fission.This pathogenic organism is the

A) plant, Plasmodium vivax.
B) protist, Plasmodium vivax.
C) plant, Toxoplasma gondii.
D) protist, Toxoplama gondii.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

As Charlotte snorkels near the shoreline,she notices large masses of something green swaying with the surf.She suspects this to be a large plant in the ocean.She collects a sample.Upon closer examination,she discovers that there are no vascular structures to absorb and transport water and nutrients throughout the organism,but there are chloroplasts present in the cells.This organism most likely belongs to kingdom

A) Fungi.
B) Plantae.
C) Animalia.
D) Protista.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

On a hike,Cheryl notices some flat green plants clinging to the side of a damp rock.She brings a few of these flat but leaf-shaped plants back to the lab to examine under the microscope and determines that these plants are only a few cells thick and have no vascular tissues like xylem and phloem.They appear to be absorbing water directly through their surfaces.These little plants are probably

A) angiosperms.
B) aquatic algae.
C) bryophytes.
D) gymnosperms.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The volume of a prokaryotic cell is,on average,________ than that of a eukaryotic cell.

A) 10 times greater
B) 10 times less
C) 1,000 times greater
D) 1,000 times less

Question 5

The organism that causes malaria is transmitted to humans by the bite of mosquitoes.Once in the human bloodstream,this unicellular organism takes up residency inside the red blood cells.It has a nucleus and other cellular structures that are visible upon microscopic examination of the blood.This pathogenic organism is the

A) protest, Plasmodium.
B) fungi, Plasmodium.
C) protist, Amoeba.
D) fungi, Amoeba.

Question 6

A drop of pond water is examined with a microscope,revealing small,green,motile,unicellular organisms that seem to be moving by whipping a small flagellum around.These organisms most likely belong to kingdom

A) Fungi.
B) Plantae.
C) Protista.
D) Animalia.

Question 7

Some protists break down waste material by consuming other dead organisms and releasing nutrients into the environment to be reused by producers and cycled back into the food chain.These protists are

A) decomposers.
B) producers.
C) autotrophs.
D) auxotrophs.

Question 8

Like the first plants that evolved to live on land,the ________ (liverworts and mosses)living today thrive as very simple plants with extremely flat,thin bodies that can directly absorb water into their cells.

A) gymnosperms
B) bryophytes
C) angiosperms
D) aquatic algae

Question 9

While they may differ in chemical composition,cell walls are often found in

A) animal cells and occasionally in fungi.
B) protozoans and animal cells only.
C) protozoans, animal, and plant cells only.
D) prokaryotes, protists, fungi, and plant cells.

Question 10

The bacterium that causes strep throat would be a ________ that belongs to ________.

A) prokaryote; domain Bacteria
B) eukaryote; kingdom Protista
C) prokaryote; kingdom Protista
D) eukaryote; domain Bacteria

Question 11

Photosynthetic ________ would NOT have chloroplasts.

A) algae
B) bacteria
C) mosses
D) flowering plants

Question 12

Ribosomes can be found in ________ cells.

A) only prokaryotic
B) only eukaryotic
C) both prokaryotic and eukaryotic
D) neither prokaryotic or eukaryotic

Question 13

Eukaryotic cells can complete tasks such as digesting and storing food and ridding the cell of waste products because they contain an elaborate system of internal membranes and compartments.This compartmentalization is lacking in

A) protists.
B) fungi.
C) prokaryotes.
D) plants.

Question 14

Eukaryotic DNA is enclosed in two concentric layers of cell membranes that form the ________ in the eukaryotic cell.

A) nuclear envelope
B) nucleoid
C) Golgi apparatus
D) rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

DNA exists in a concentration of strands known as a nucleoid in ________ cells.

A) eukaryotic
B) prokaryotic
C) protozoan
D) fungal

Question 16

Within kingdom Protista,the ________ are photosynthetic and may or may not be motile.

A) protozoans
B) algae
C) fungi
D) plantae

Question 17

A eukaryotic cell that is involved in producing a lot of protein would have an extensive network of

A) rough endoplasmic reticulum.
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
C) chloroplasts.
D) mitochondria.

Question 18

According to the phylogenetic tree below,which of the following combinations are MOST closely related?

A) Red algae and Forams
B) Green algae and Amoebas
C) Diplomonads and Euglenoids
D) Ciliates and Amoebas

Question 19

The organism Entamoeba histolytica is one of the causes of amoebic dysentery.Infection occurs when cysts of this organism are swallowed and enter the patient's digestive tract.These cysts each have four nuclei,and once in the digestive tract the cysts divide into four cells,each with its own nucleus.Each new cell can invade the mucosal lining of the digestive tract by pushing its pseudopodia into the lining.This organism is a ________ that belongs to ________.

A) prokaryote; domain Bacteria
B) eukaryote; kingdom Protista
C) prokaryote; kingdom Protista
D) eukaryote; domain Bacteria

Question 20

Protists and other organisms that use energy and carbon from a variety of sources to fuel their growth and reproduction are most appropriately referred to as

A) autotrophs.
B) auxotrophs.
C) heterotrophs.
D) mixotrophs.

Question 21

Based upon the evolutionary traits visible in blooming rose bushes in a garden,a reasonable deduction would be that the

A) lack of an extensive vascular system means they are bryophytes.
B) presence of seeds means they are gymnosperms.
C) lack of visible fruit means they are ferns.
D) presence of flowers means they are angiosperms.

Question 22

Pignoli are pine nuts that have lent themselves to culinary uses as far back as the Roman Empire.Pignoli are naked seeds harvested from the scales of the cones produced by the Italian Stone Pine tree.The Italian Stone Pine and other pine nut-producing trees are ________ from kingdom Plantae.

A) gymnosperms
B) angiosperms
C) bryophytes
D) cycads

Question 23

In angiosperms the modified leaf evolved into the ovary wall,layers of tissue that enclose and protect the ovules.Once fertilized,these ovules develop into ________ and the ovary wall becomes the fruit wall.The fruits of many plants provide food for heterotrophs.

A) stomata
B) seeds
C) cellulose
D) pollen

Question 24

Pinus sylvestris,Scotch Pine,is native to Europe and Asia.Most Americans refer to them as "Christmas trees." This species of tree grows from the naked seeds produced on cones and released about 22-24 months after pollination.This tree is an example of a ________ from kingdom ________.

A) gymnosperm; Fungi
B) gymnosperm; Plantae
C) angiosperm; Fungi
D) angiosperm; Plantae

Question 25

Fiddlehead greens are the curled,young fronds of a fern.Harvested very early and trimmed close to the ground,they provide a tasty addition to salads.These multicellular,photosynthetic,vascularized organisms that do not produce seeds belong to kingdom

A) Eubacteria.
B) Plantae.
C) Fungi.
D) Protista.

Question 26

According to the phylogenetic tree shown below,

A) ascomycetes are more closely related to zygomycetes than they are to basidiomycetes.
B) basidomycetes are more closely related to zygomycetes than they are to ascomycetes.
C) zygomycetes are more closely related to basidiomycetes than they are to ascomycetes.
D) zygomycetes have an equally close relationship to basidiomycetes and ascomycetes.

Question 27

Flowers enhance sexual reproduction in plants by providing an avenue for male gametes to unite with female gametes.The drawing below illustrates that the ________ bears the female gamete and the ________ will develop into the fruit.

A) anther; ovule
B) stamen; ovary
C) carpel; anther
D) ovule; ovary

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT an evolutionary advantage of seed-bearing plants? The plant embryo

A) has a supply of stored food to use until it is ready to begin photosynthesis.
B) and food supply are encased in a protective covering.
C) is protected from drying out and predation.
D) will be able to immediately start photosynthesis.

Question 29

Gingko biloba is the sole surviving species of what was once many species.Popular as ornamentals in the United States and Europe,Ginkgos are trees that can reach heights of 90 feet or more.They have wedged-shape leaves that show a branching network of vascular tissues.Pollen is produced on male trees,and the seeds are produced on female trees but are not enclosed in a fruit structure.The Gingko biloba are an example of

A) gymnosperms.
B) angiosperms.
C) aquatic algae.
D) bryophytes.

Question 30

Jim is mowing the lawn and accidently runs over a large round object that seems to explode in a cloud of dust.Upon closer examination,he determines that the object was actually the club-shaped reproductive structure of an organism that has cells with cell walls but no chloroplasts,and the dust particles were actually spores.This organism is probably a ________ that belongs to kingdom ________.

A) basidiomycete; Fungi
B) ascomycete; Plantae
C) zygomycete; Fungi
D) basidiomycete; Plantae

Question 31

An autotrophic organism that grows on land,has vascular tissues,but does not produce seeds is probably a

A) bryophyte from kingdom Plantae.
B) fern from kingdom Protista.
C) bryophyte from kingdom Protista.
D) fern from kingdom Plantae.

Question 32

In the late spring,Miles moves into a new house with a small tree growing in the yard.The flowers on this tree have five white petals tinged with pink.Later in the summer,he notices a small fruit where each of the flowers had bloomed.Miles does not take long to realize this is an apple tree,Malus pumila.This apple tree is a(n)________ from kingdom Plantae.

A) gymnosperm
B) angiosperm
C) bryophyte
D) cycad

Question 33

A lichen is a mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic prokaryote such as

A) red algae.
B) brown algae.
C) diplomonads.
D) cyanobacteria.

Question 34

Which of the following describes the primary evolutionary advantage of producing flowers on a plant?

A) Water and minerals are absorbed by the whole plant through the flower.
B) Photosynthesis occurs and CO₂ is absorbed throughout the entire plant.
C) Male and female gametes are brought together for fertilization, enhancing genetic diversity.
D) Materials such as cotton and pharmaceuticals are produced for human use.

Question 35

Basil will produce tiny flowers if it is not kept trimmed back.After these tiny flowers are pollinated,they produce tiny seeds encased in a papery covering.Basil is an example of a

A) bryophyte.
B) fungus.
C) angiosperm.
D) gymnosperm.

Question 36

There are three major groups of fungi: zygomycetes,ascomycetes,and basidiomycetes.These groups are named for their

A) modes of obtaining food energy.
B) differing abilities to produce mycelia.
C) unique reproductive structures.
D) ability to photosynthesize carbon compounds.

Question 37

Cycas revoluta and Zamia furfuracea are species of cycads commonly used as ornamental plants in landscaping.Both species can grow fairly large and produce naked seeds on very large and unusual-looking cones made of specialized leaves.Neither of these species produces flowers.These species are examples of

A) gymnosperms.
B) bryophytes.
C) angiosperms.
D) ferns.

Question 38

Truffles are the subterranean fruiting body of a mychorrhizal fungus and usually found in close association with tree roots.The mycelial mat of the truffle

A) provides energy-packed sugars to the trees while the tree roots absorb water and minerals from the soil and share them with the truffles.
B) absorbs water and minerals from the soil and shares them with the tree while the tree provides energy-packed sugars to the truffles.
C) absorbs energy-packed sugars, water, and nutrients from the soil and shares them with the tree roots.
D) photosynthesizes sugars and absorbs water and minerals from the soil before sharing these products with the tree.

Question 39

Fungi often form mutualistic relationships with plants.These mutualistic relationships are typically characterized by benefits to

A) only the plant.
B) only the fungus.
C) both the plant and the fungus.
D) a third species nearby, but neither the plant nor the fungus benefits.

Question 40

Like plant cells,all fungal cells have

A) a protective cell wall that wraps around the plasma membrane and encases the cell.
B) the ability to photosynthesize carbon compounds for energy.
C) the ability to store extra food energy in the form of glycogen.
D) only a plasma membrane wrapping around the cell for protection.

Question 41

The key evolutionary innovation in ________ is the flower.

Question 42

Grapes harvested and crushed into juice will often produce a fermented beverage containing alcohol.Grains (such as wheat,barley,rye,or corn)will also produce an alcoholic beverage if they are soaked and allowed to ferment.Which of the following organisms,naturally present in the environment,is the likely cause of the fermentation?

A) angiosperms
B) yeasts
C) basidiomycetes
D) ciliates

Question 43

The diameter of a eukaryotic cell is typically ________ than that of a prokaryotic cell.

Question 44

There are two broad categories within kingdom Protista.The ________ are motile and heterotrophic.The algae are photosynthetic and may or may not be motile.

Question 45

The first land plant with a vascular system was the ancestor of present-day ________.

Question 46

The amoeba pictured below uses the food vacuoles to ________ its food.

Question 47

Large sheets of brownish organisms are attached to the seafloor and waving in the surf.These photosynthetic organisms do not have any vascular tissue and do not live on land.These are probably ________ in the kingdom ________.

A) ferns; Plantae
B) brown algae; Protista
C) green algae; Plantae
D) bryophytes; Protista

Question 48

Many of the 7,000 crops cultivated or collected by humans for food contain seeds encased in a fruit like the one seen in the image below.These types of crops are ________ in kingdom ________.

A) angiosperms; Plantae
B) angiosperms; Protista
C) gymnosperms; Plantae
D) gymnosperms; Protista

Question 49

Five cereal crops provide 60 percent of the food energy taken in by the world's human population.These cereals (grains)are rice,maize,wheat,millet,and sorghum.The portion of these crops consumed by humans is actually the seed with its protective coverings from the fruit.These crops are ________ in kingdom ________.

A) gymnosperms; Protista
B) bryophytes; Plantae
C) angiosperms; Plantae
D) ferns; Protista

Question 50

Some protozoa move and obtain food using shape-changing,cellular projections called ________.

Question 51

Lipids and hormones are manufactured within the eukaryotic cell's ________.

Question 52

Eva returns from her month-long holiday and discovers that she left a loaf of bread sitting on the countertop.The bread is now covered in a fuzzy black,gray,and white coating.Because she's curious,she decides to take the bread with her to a biology lab and examine a bit of the fluff under the microscope.She sees branching,colorless hair-like threads running throughout the bread and small round black spores over the surface of the bread.This is likely an example of a ________ belonging to kingdom ________.

A) green algae; Protista
B) basidiomycete; Protista
C) diplomonad; Fungi
D) zygomycete; Fungi

Question 53

Paramecium caudatum are unicellular organisms with a thick flexible pellicle covered in cilia and two nuclei.They ingest bacteria and other microorganisms in the environment.Paramecium caudatum is a(n)________ in the kingdom ________.

A) algae; Protista
B) bryophyte; Plantae
C) zygomycete; Fungi
D) protozoan; Protista

Question 54

Yeasts provide leavening in bread by metabolizing the starches and sugars present in flour.Carbon dioxide bubbles are produced when the ________ present in yeast cells use(s)the sugars for cellular respiration to produce energy for the cell.

A) chloroplasts
B) Golgi body
C) mitochondria
D) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 55

Fungi digest organic material outside the body and absorb the breakdown products.Thus,fungi are ________.

Question 56

Since ginseng has bright-red seed heads that develop from the flowers after pollination,ginseng is a(n)________ in the kingdom ________.

A) angiosperm; Plantae
B) angiosperm; Protista
C) gymnosperm; Plantae
D) gymnosperm; Protista

Question 57

In the photo below,the plant on the ________ is most likely to be host to mycorrhizal fungi because the ________.

A) left; fungi are obviously stunting its growth
B) right; mycelial mat of the fungus is enhancing the supply of water and essential minerals to the plant
C) right; mycelial mat of the fungus is photosynthesizing sugars to provide the plant with energy
D) left; mycelial mat of the fungus is photosynthesizing toxic sugars and pulling in minerals that are harming the plant

Question 58

The first plants to evolve the seed were ________.

Question 59

Diatomaceous earth is used in an amazing variety of ways.It can be a filtration aid in fish tanks,mild abrasive in toothpaste and metal polishes,insecticide,absorptive for liquids,filler in plastics and rubber,kitty litter,porous support for chemical catalysts,stabilizing component of dynamite,and insulation.This versatile product is actually the fossilized remains of eukaryotic,unicellular,photosynthetic organisms that contained a high amount of silica in their cell walls.These fossilized diatoms were once living examples of ________ from the kingdom ________.

A) Euglena; Plantae
B) bryophytes; Protista
C) algae; Protista
D) Amoeba; Plantae

Question 60

Prokaryotes and some eukaryotes reproduce through a type of ________ reproduction known as binary fission.This occurs when a cell splits into two genetically identical cells.

Question 61

Fungi are similar to animals in that they store surplus food energy in the form of ________.

Question 62

MATCHING
Match each correct evolutionary trait to the indicated box. a.A
b.B
c.C
d.D
vascular tissue evolves

Question 63

Examine the phylogenetic tree below and explain whether the red,green,and brown algae are equally related and why.

Question 64

The international Union for Conservation of Nature announced that 31 percent of cactus species,renowned for their unique forms and beautiful________,are in danger of extinction.

Question 65

MATCHING
Match each correct evolutionary trait to the indicated box. a.A
b.B
c.C
d.D
flowers evolve

Question 66

MATCHING
Match each correct evolutionary trait to the indicated box. a.A
b.B
c.C
d.D
adaptation to terrestrial

Question 67

Single-celled species of fungi are typically referred to as ________.

Question 68

According to the infographic shown below,ninety-five percent of the food energy taken in by the world's human population is provided by ________ crops in kingdom ________.

Question 69

Explain why/how fungal body form often makes fungi good decomposers.

Question 70

How does the key evolutionary innovation of angiosperms contribute to the successful domestication of plants for crops to feed the world's human population?

Question 71

Correctly use the terms "fruiting body," "hypha (hyphae)," "mating type," "mycelium (mycelia)," and "sexual spores" to describe the life cycle of a fungus.

Question 72

Propose an explanation for how the evolution of lignin in cell walls led to the evolution and growth of the gymnosperms known as giant redwood trees.

Question 73

MATCHING
Match each correct evolutionary trait to the indicated box. a.A
b.B
c.C
d.D
seeds evolve

Question 74

How does the environment benefit when plant and fungi species are protected from extinction?

Question 75

Explain why the evolution of sexual reproduction in aquatic algae would significantly increase the chances of plant diversity on land.

Question 76

Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Question 77

Explain how the compartmentalization of eukaryotic cells enables them to have a much greater cell volume than prokaryotes and still efficiently carry out cell functions and move materials in and out of the cell.

Question 78

Propose an explanation for how the evolution of flowers contributed to the global distribution and awe-inspiring variety of angiosperms.

Question 79

What is distinctive about how the members of kingdom Protista are grouped together? How is this different from the way other eukaryotic kingdoms are composed?

Question 80

Explain the advantage afforded to plants with the evolution of roots with vascular tissues.