Deck 3: Personality, Perception and Attribution

Question 1

The integrative approach to personality emphasizes individual growth and improvement.​

Answer 1

False

Question 2

High achievers are more likely to attribute their success to others and good luck.​

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Which of the following is a determinant of personality?​

A)​Projection
B)Time orientation​
C)Diversity​
D)Heredity​

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In the Big Five personality traits, _____ means a person is calm, self-confident, and cool as opposed to insecure, anxious, and depressed.​

A)​emotional stability
B)agreeableness​
C)conscientiousness​
D)openness to experience​

Question 5

People with high self-esteem and internal locus of control tend to be higher performers and are more satisfied with their jobs.​

Question 6

General mental ability is the psychological approach to understanding human behavior that involves knowing something about the person and about the situation.​

Question 7

The Extraversion/Introversion preference represents perception or information gathering.​

Question 8

Behavioral measures of personality examine an individual's behavior in a controlled situation.​

Question 9

Self-report questionnaires suffer from potential biases as it is difficult to view your own personality objectively.​

Question 10

Which of the following is a proposition of interactional psychology?​

A)​Behavior is a function of a discontinuous, unidirectional interaction of a person in a situation.
B)A person is inactive in the interactional process and is unaffected by the situation he or she is in.​
C)Two aspects of a situation are important: the objective situation and the person's subjective view of the situation.​
D)People's cognitive, affective, motivational, and ability factors do not vary.​

Question 11

Mood is a state that has been found to be relatively stable and therefore contributes to the objective accuracy of perception.​

Question 12

The process by which individuals try to control the impressions others have of them is called impression management.​

Question 13

An individual with a positive self-concept tends to notice positive attributes in another person.​

Question 14

According to Charles Spearman, which of the following is the single best predictor of work performance across many occupations and across different cultures?​

A)​General mental ability
B)Cognitive behavioral approach​
C)Psychoanalysis​
D)Interactional psychology​

Question 15

The interactional psychology approach points out the need to study both persons and situations.The situation includes _____.​

A)​work group
B)personality​
C)perception​
D)emotions​

Question 16

High self-monitors pay attention to what is appropriate in particular situations and to the behavior of other people, and they behave accordingly.​

Question 17

Self-monitoring is the extent to which people base their behavior on cues from other people and situations.​

Question 18

Perceivers prefer flexible and spontaneous lives and like to keep options open.​

Question 19

Self-serving bias is the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal causes and one's failures to external causes.​

Question 20

Primacy effect occurs when we observe a very brief bit of a person's behavior in our first encounter and infer that this behavior reflects what the person is really like.​

Question 21

Ritchie and Maddox are students pursuing a course in organizational behavior.Ritchie outperforms Maddox in the first exam.Maddox believes that their exam performances cannot be compared as Ritchie is a psychology major and Maddox has a major in accounting.Which of the following best explains Maddox's reaction?​

A)​He has a high self-esteem.
B)He has a positive affect.​
C)He has an external locus of control.​
D)He has an inflated generalized belief of his capabilities.​

Question 22

Which of the following is one of the most important determinants of self-efficacy?​

A)​Negative affect
B)High self-esteem​
C)Previous success​
D)Self-monitoring​

Question 23

In the context of the Big Five personality traits, _____ people are more motivated and perform better than others.​

A)​emotionally stable
B)agreeable​
C)conscientious​
D)extraverted​

Question 24

The three major categories of factors that influence our perception of another person include:​

A)​characteristics of ourselves, the target person, and the situation.
B)availability of information, the target person, and the situation.​
C)timing, availability, and consistency of information.​
D)characteristics of ourselves, the target person, and consistency of information.​

Question 25

In the context of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator of personality, the _____ preference describes the way we prefer to make decisions.​

A)​Extraversion/Introversion
B)Sensing/Intuition​
C)Thinking/Feeling​
D)Judging/Perceiving​

Question 26

Which of the following best defines behavioral measures of personality?​

A)​They are an individual's tendency to accentuate the positive aspects of herself or himself.
B)They help people base their behavior on cues from other people and situations.​
C)They elicit an individual's response to abstract stimuli.​
D)They examine an individual's behavior in a controlled situation.​

Question 27

Managers should encourage employees to raise their self-esteem by:​

A)​measuring the results of employees' tasks.
B)providing continual positive feedback to the entire workforce.​
C)exercising control in their work environments.​
D)giving them appropriate challenges and opportunities for success.​

Question 28

​In the context of characteristics of a perceiver, which of the following factors will affect social perception?

A)​Physical appearance
B)Verbal communication​
C)Self-concept​
D)Nonverbal cues​

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true of introverted and conscientious employees?​

A)​They are less motivated and perform poorly.
B)They tend to rate others more leniently on peer evaluations.​
C)They are calm, self-confident, and cool.​
D)They are less likely to be absent from work.​

Question 30

People with an internal locus of control don't react well to close supervision, so managers should:​

A)​control their work environments.
B)provide them with a more structured work setting.​
C)give them considerable voice in how work is performed.​
D)keep a close watch on all their actions.​

Question 31

In the context of personality measurement tools, the _____ elicits an individual's response to abstract stimuli.​

A)​behavioral test
B)projective test​
C)self-report questionnaire​
D)Myers-Briggs Type Indicator​

Question 32

In an organization, people with an internal locus of control:​

A)​appreciate more structured work settings.
B)prefer not to participate in decision making.​
C)prefer participative management styles.​
D)react well to close supervision.​

Question 33

Individuals who focus on the good aspects of themselves, other people, and the world in general are said to have _____.​

A)​high general self-efficacy
B)cultural intelligence​
C)low self-esteem​
D)positive affect​

Question 34

A(n)_____ is a situation that overwhelms the effects of individual personalities by providing strong cues for appropriate behavior.​

A)​weak situation
B)integrative situation​
C)rigid situation​
D)strong situation​

Question 35

In the context of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator of personality, the _____ preference represents where you find energy.​

A)​Extraversion/Introversion
B)Sensing/Intuition​
C)Thinking/Feeling​
D)Judging/Perceiving​

Question 36

In the context of personality characteristics in organizations, which of the following statements is true of employees with positive affect?​

A)​They have fewer absentee days.
B)They base their behavior on cues from others.​
C)They behave consistently across situations.​
D)They focus only on the bad aspects of themselves.​

Question 37

In the context of personality measurement tools, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory:​

A)​elicits an individual's response to abstract stimuli.
B)measures the Big Five traits.​
C)measures Carl Jung's theory of individual differences.​
D)helps diagnose several neurotic or psychotic disorders.​

Question 38

Which of the following statements is true of low self-monitors?​

A)​They offer emotional help to people dealing with work-related anxiety.
B)They respond appropriately to changes in the organizational situation.​
C)They appear more unpredictable.​
D)They behave consistently across situations.​

Question 39

Which of the following statements is true of employees with high general self-efficacy?​

A)​They may express doubts about performing new tasks well.
B)They don't react well to close supervision.​
C)They have more confidence in their job-related abilities.​
D)They prefer not to participate in decision making.​

Question 40

Carl Jung's theory holds that the _____ preference reflects the most important distinction among individuals.​

A)​Extraversion/Introversion
B)Sensing/Intuition​
C)Thinking/Feeling​
D)Judging/Perceiving​

Question 41

Describe individuals with an internal locus of control.

Question 42

The tendency to make attributions to internal causes when focusing on someone else's behavior is called _____.​

A)​fundamental attribution error
B)self-serving bias​
C)discounting attribution error​
D)self-fulfilling prophecy​

Question 43

How would a manager use self-fulfilling prophecies to improve a work group?​

Question 44

The discounting principle is a characteristic of _____.​

A)​the situation
B)a perceiver​
C)a target​
D)an introvert​

Question 45

_____ is our tendency to prefer information that supports our viewpoints.​

A)​Selective perception
B)Stereotype​
C)Projection​
D)Self-fulfilling prophecy​

Question 46

Identify the basic propositions of interactional psychology.​

Question 47

Which of the following statements is true of failure-oriented individuals?​

A)​They attribute their failures to lack of effort.
B)They behave consistently across situations.​
C)They attribute their failures to lack of ability.​
D)They pay less attention to situational cues.​

Question 48

Identify the most common errors that affect the attribution process.​

Question 49

_____ allows a person to perceive multiple characteristics of another person rather than attending to just a few traits.​

A)​Attention span
B)Self-concept​
C)Cognitive weighting​
D)Cognitive complexity​

Question 50

In the context of barriers to social perception, _____ are also called the Pygmalion effect.​

A)​projections
B)self-fulfilling prophecies​
C)first-impression errors​
D)selective perceptions​

Question 51

Identify and explain barriers to social perception.​