Deck 4: Attitudes, Emotions and Ethics

Question 1

Job Descriptive Index asks employees to respond to statements about their jobs using a five-point scale that ranges from very dissatisfied to very satisfied.​

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Substantial social learning occurs through cognitive dissonance.​

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In the context of the elaboration likelihood model, the target's level of involvement with an issue is not important in determining the most effective route to persuasion.​

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Ethical behavior involves acting in ways consistent with one's personal values and the commonly held values of an organization and society.​

Question 5

Those with an internal locus of control believe that outside forces such as fate, chance, or other people control what happens to them.​

Question 6

Individuals with high negative affectivity are more likely to be satisfied with their jobs.​

Question 7

The tension produced by a conflict between attitudes and behavior is emotional dissonance.​

Question 8

Messages are more persuasive if managers frame them with the same emotion as that felt by the employees.​

Question 9

Machiavellianism is a personality characteristic involving one's willingness to do whatever it takes to get one's own way.​

Question 10

Firms with better reputations attract more applicants.​

Question 11

Three major characteristics of the source affect persuasion: expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness.​

Question 12

Andrew, a manager, is a high-Mach individual as he always threatens his employees into following his orders because he believes that it is better to be feared than loved.​

Question 13

Individuals with high self-esteem are more likely to change their attitudes in response to persuasion than are individuals with low self-esteem.​

Question 14

​Today's high-intensity business environment decreases the need for strong ethics programs.

Question 15

Organizational citizenship behavior is defined as any voluntary, attitude-driven, counterproductive behavior that violates organizational norms and causes some degree of harm to organizational functioning.​

Question 16

Internals are more resistant to social pressure and are less willing to hurt another person even if ordered to do so by an authority figure.​

Question 17

Behavior that is above and beyond the call of duty is called organizational citizenship behavior.​

Question 18

Externals are more likely than internals to take personal responsibility for the consequences of their ethical or unethical behavior.​

Question 19

The longer the time is between the attitude measurement and the observed behavior, the stronger the relationship.​

Question 20

Attitudes derived from direct experience are powerful because they are active in our cognitive processes.​

Question 21

Which of the following best describes a person-organization fit?​

A)​It is the ability of employees to control their feelings and expression of emotions in the workplace.
B)It is the desire of an employee to remain in an organization.​
C)It is the match between an individual's values and an organization's values.​
D)It is the strength of an individual's identification with an organization.​

Question 22

Substantial social learning occurs through _____, in which individuals acquire attitudes by observing others.​

A)​modeling
B)cognitive moral development​
C)direct experience​
D)emotional intelligence​

Question 23

_____ is the process of deriving attitudes from family, peer groups, religious organizations, and culture.​

A)​Social learning
B)Cognitive moral development​
C)Direct experience​
D)Cognitive dissonance​

Question 24

Syntax & Co., a waste management firm, announces that it has invented an environment-friendly machine for nuclear waste treatment.Julie, a junior employee at the company, discovers that the waste is not being treated, but instead, it is being dumped in a river outside the city.Julie believes that this is unethical and is not sure whether she should reveal this information to the public.The tension caused by this conflict is called _____.​

A)​emotional contagion
B)cognitive dissonance​
C)peripheral route​
D)emotional dissonance​

Question 25

Attitudes are an important factor in organizational behavior because:​

A)​they influence performance evaluations of managers.
B)they are easily accessed.​
C)they are closely linked to behavior.​
D)they last longer than emotions.​

Question 26

The attitude-behavior link is stronger when:​

A)​rewards are valued by employees and are tied directly to performance.
B)the time between the attitude measurement and the observed behavior is short.​
C)organizational citizenship behavior is directed at different facets of an organization.​
D)the social context does not reinforce the attitudes and cultural belief systems.​

Question 27

Abraham is a salesman who sells used cell phones as new ones.The phones have been repackaged to make them look new.Abraham knows that this is unethical and faces a conflict between concealing information from his customers and selling them the used phones.The tension created by this conflict between his attitude and his behavior is known as _____.​

A)​peripheral route
B)emotional contagion​
C)emotional dissonance​
D)cognitive dissonance​

Question 28

Asterix Solutions, an IT firm, is downsizing to reduce its fixed costs.Erin, an employee at the firm, observes that several competent employees are being laid off while those who are incompetent are being retained.Erin decides to take revenge against her manager and sabotages the project reports on her manager's computer.Erin is engaging in _____.​

A)​ethical behavior
B)workplace deviance behavior​
C)​organizational citizenship behavior
D)​altruistic behavior

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true of a behavioral intent?​

A)​It can be measured by physiological indicators such as blood pressure.
B)It may not actually lead to a particular behavior.​
C)It reflects a person's perceptions or beliefs.​
D)It is the emotional component of an attitude.​

Question 30

To prevent and manage workplace deviance behavior, managers should:​

A)​increase the power distance in the organization.
B)give all employees high performance ratings.​
C)terminate employees who show deviance.​
D)encourage positive attitudes among employees.​

Question 31

_____ motivates individuals to change either their attitudes or their behavior to maintain consistency.​

A)​Dissonance
B)Competence​
C)​Consonance
D)​Cognition

Question 32

Derek, a manager at a multinational investment firm in France, is transferred to the Indian office of the firm.He holds a negative view of the work environment there as the office hours stretch beyond 6 p.m.This is inconsistent with his attitude because in France, people work only till 6 p.m.Despite this, he is compelled to work beyond 6 p.m.as his colleagues have a positive attitude toward it.In the context of attitude-behavior correspondence, the factor that leads to Derek's compliant behavior is _____.​

A)​attitude specificity
B)social constraints​
C)personality factors​
D)attitude relevance​

Question 33

Which of the following best defines organizational commitment?​

A)​It is the strength of an individual's identification with an organization.
B)It is acting in ways consistent with one's personal values and the commonly held values of an organization and society.​
C)It is the behavior that is above and beyond the call of duty.​
D)It is the process of deriving attitudes from family, peer groups, religious organizations, and culture.​

Question 34

The key to influencing both satisfaction and performance through rewards is that the:​

A)​rewards are not valued by employees.
B)managers use a non-participative style of management.​
C)rewards are tied directly to performance.​
D)work should not be challenging.​

Question 35

In the context of the ABC Model, affect can be measured by:​

A)​asking a person's intentions.
B)attitude scales.​
C)self-report questionnaires.​
D)observing behavior.​

Question 36

_____ is a component of an attitude that reflects a person's perceptions or beliefs.​

A)​Cognition
B)Behavioral intent​
C)Self-monitoring​
D)Affect​

Question 37

Which of the following statements is true of dissatisfied workers in an organization?​

A)​They do not engage in workplace deviance behavior.
B)They do not report any psychological and medical problems.​
C)They see a misfit between their values and the organization's values.​
D)They lead to the reduction of the organization's cost of turnover.​

Question 38

In the context of persuasion and attitude change, individuals with _____ are more likely to change their attitudes in response to persuasion.​

A)​low self-esteem
B)positive affect​
C)negative affect​
D)high general self-efficacy​

Question 39

Through the process of _____, one individual tries to change the attitude of another person in regard to a certain issue.​

A)​persuasion
B)dissonance​
C)behavioral intent​
D)cognition​

Question 40

_____ encompasses loyalty and a deep concern for an organization's welfare.​

A)​Emotional dissonance
B)Continuance commitment​
C)Affective commitment​
D)Cognitive dissonance​

Question 41

Which of the following best defines emotional intelligence?​

A)​It is the ability to recognize and manage emotion in oneself and in others.
B)It is the discrepancy between one's felt emotion and one's expressed emotion.​
C)It is the process through which emotions of one person are transferred to another through nonverbal channels.​
D)It is the work that employees do to control their feelings and expression of emotions in the workplace.​

Question 42

What are the advantages of displaying ethical behavior for a firm?​

Question 43

Positive moods at work:​

A)​decrease deviance.
B)decrease organizational citizenship behavior.​
C)lead to more turnover intentions.​
D)increase altruistic behavior.​

Question 44

_____ is made up of several types of abilities: perceiving, understanding, facilitating, and regulating emotion.​

A)​Emotional dissonance
B)Emotional intelligence​
C)Emotional labor​
D)Emotional contagion​

Question 45

_____ is the willingness of an individual to make decisions when all that needs to be known cannot be known and when the ethical issue has no established, unambiguous solution.​

A)​Tough-mindedness
B)Organizational citizenship behavior​
C)Cognitive dissonance​
D)Emotional intelligence​

Question 46

_____ are those values that influence individuals' perceptions of right and wrong on the job.​

A)​Work values
B)Terminal values​
C)Cultural values​
D)Instrumental values​

Question 47

Sophie, an employee at Dandrill Corp., comes to office about an hour late.Morgan, Sophie's manager, asks her to inform him the next time she would be late.Sophie immediately starts ranting angrily at him.Which of the following will help Sophie avoid such an emotional response?​

A)​Emotional intelligence
B)Emotional labor​
C)Emotional contagion​
D)Emotional dissonance​

Question 48

Which of the following is a characteristic of high-Machs?​

A)​They value loyalty and relationships.
B)They have a cynical view of human nature.​
C)They are less willing to manipulate others for personal gain.​
D)They are concerned with others' opinions.​

Question 49

Which of the following cognitive routes to persuasion involves direct cognitive processing of a message's content?​

A)​The central route
B)The direct route​
C)The peripheral route​
D)The major route​

Question 50

Which of the following statements is true of low-Mach individuals?​

A)​They value loyalty and relationships.
B)They manipulate others for personal gain.​
C)They are not concerned with others' opinions.​
D)They are more likely to engage in unethical behavior.​

Question 51

In the context of ethical behavior, which of the following is an instrumental value identified by Rokeach?​

A)​Self-sufficiency
B)Freedom​
C)Self-respect​
D)Happiness​

Question 52

_____ is a type of emotional labor that involves attempting to feel the emotion one is displaying.​

A)​Deep acting
B)Emotional dissonance​
C)Surface acting​
D)Workplace deviance​

Question 53

What are the three major characteristics of the source affect persuasion?​

Question 54

Briefly discuss the relationship between job satisfaction and performance.​

Question 55

_____ is a discrepancy between one's felt emotion and one's expressed emotion.​

A)​Emotional dissonance
B)Emotional labor​
C)Emotional contagion​
D)Emotional intelligence​

Question 56

Unlike the baby boomers, the baby busters:​

A)​value family life and time off from work.
B)have a work-oriented value system.​
C)place a huge emphasis on achievement values at work.​
D)embrace a live-to-work approach.​

Question 57

Which of the following statements is true of people with an internal locus of control?​

A)​They believe that outside forces such as fate, chance, or other people control what happens to them.
B)They are less resistant to social pressure.​
C)They take personal responsibility for the consequences of their ethical or unethical behavior.​
D)They are willing to hurt another person when ordered to do so by an authority figure.​