Deck 9: Emerging Terrorist Environments: Gender-Selective Political Violence and Criminal Dissident Terrorism

Question 1

Which of the following propositions most accurately characterizes the issue of gender-related cultural practices?

A) Within some cultures, these practices represent repression and political violence against women.
B) Gender-related cultural practices are not the business of the global community and should be accepted.
C) Some cultures may appear to practice gender-related repression, but this is simply a matter of perspective.
D) Both "gender-related cultural practices are not the business of the global community and should be accepted" and "some cultures may appear to practice gender-related repression, but this is simply a matter of perspective."

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Gender-selective violence during wartime ______.

A) was recognized as a war crime immediately after World War II
B) is an unfortunate consequence of war, but not a war crime
C) became recognized as a war crime only very recently
D) will always be classified as genocide

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following statements most accurately explains why male members of an enemy group are singled out for violence during periods of conflict?

A) Men and boys are potential fighters.
B) Enemy males who surrender are cowards and worthy of execution.
C) Genocide requires that males be exterminated.
D) All of these.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following statements most accurately describes traditional criminal enterprises?

A) Traditional criminal enterprises were created to engage in narco-terrorism.
B) Traditional criminal enterprises are highly political.
C) Traditional criminal enterprises form political parties to support their activities.
D) Traditional criminal enterprises are not inherently political.

Question 5

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the attributes of criminal dissident terrorism?

A) intensive violence directed against rival criminal enterprises in order to reduce competition
B) reactive violence in response to government attempts to suppress the activities of criminal enterprises
C) dissident terrorism that is illegal
D) transnational violence to secure the criminal enterprise

Question 6

Los Zetas in Mexico were originally ______.

A) a prominent drug cartel
B) a minor street gang
C) an elite anti-drug unit of the Mexican military
D) none of these

Question 7

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the case of the Janjaweed in Sudan?

A) state-sponsored gender-selective communal terrorism
B) a violent transnational organized criminal enterprise
C) narco-terrorism
D) both "a violent transnational organized criminal enterprise" and "narco-terrorism"

Question 8

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the Golden Crescent and Golden Triangle?

A) They refer to two transnational criminal enterprises specializing in heroin production and trafficking.
B) They are drug producing centers in Latin America.
C) They are drug trafficking routes that move large quantities of heroin.
D) They are drug producing centers in West Asia and Southeast Asia.

Question 9

Which of the following statements most accurately describes criminal-political enterprises?

A) Criminal-political enterprises were created to engage in narco-terrorism.
B) Criminal-political enterprises are highly political.
C) Criminal-political enterprises form political parties to support their activities.
D) Criminal-political enterprises are not inherently political.

Question 10

The Tri-Border Area of central South America poses a plausible security challenge to the region and possibly the United States because of which of the following?

A) There is weak government control.
B) There is an organized, vibrant criminal economy.
C) Political extremism emanating from the Middle East exists.
D) All of these.

Question 11

What do "honor killings" refer to?

A) assassinations by drug cartels of those who oppose them
B) the killing of women or girls who have "dishonored" a family or tribe
C) murders of dishonorable children
D) assassinations of criminals by government agents

Question 12

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the perception of criminal dissident political violence?

A) There is a long history of designing policies to combat criminal dissident political violence.
B) Analysts have historically studied and evaluated the characteristics of criminal dissident political violence.
C) The designation of criminal dissident political violence as a distinct variety of terrorism is a controversial proposition.
D) Both "there is a long history of designing policies to combat criminal dissident political violence" and "analysts have historically studied and evaluated the characteristics of criminal dissident political violence."

Question 13

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the perception of gender-selective political violence?

A) There is a long history of designing policies to combat gender-selective political violence.
B) Analysts have historically studied and evaluated the characteristics of gender-selective political violence.
C) The designation of gender-selective political violence as a distinct variety of terrorism is a controversial proposition.
D) Both "there is a long history of designing policies to combat gender-selective political violence" and "analysts have historically studied and evaluated the characteristics of gender-selective political violence."

Question 14

Some violent extremist movements engage in criminal activity because ______.

A) they benefit from the improved lifestyle derived from their profits
B) successful illegal enterprises are respected and feared
C) it provides them with the ability to support their activities without a state sponsor
D) all of these

Question 15

The international drug trade ______.

A) has become prominent in the financing of some extremist movements
B) should be legalized
C) helps the global economy
D) cannot be suppressed

Question 16

Which of the following propositions most accurately explains why the Afghanistan drug trade continued during the NATO intervention against the Taliban?

A) NATO was involved in the drug trade.
B) The Taliban were heavily involved in growing opium and manufacturing heroin.
C) None of the adversaries cared if the drug trade continued.
D) Some anti-Taliban drug traffickers were warlords allied with NATO.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the incidence of gender-selective terrorism?

A) The incidence of gender-selective terrorism is carefully documented and reported.
B) Careful attention is given to reducing the incidence of gender-selective terrorism.
C) The incidence of gender-selective terrorism is not systematically documented and reported.
D) Both "the incidence of gender-selective terrorism is carefully documented and reported" and "careful attention is given to reducing the incidence of gender-selective terrorism."

Question 18

Which of the following propositions most accurately describes narco-terrorism?

A) Narco-terrorism occurs when governments leave criminal enterprises alone.
B) Narco-terrorism is usually the product of drug-induced violence.
C) Criminal enterprises routinely engage in narco-terrorism.
D) Narco-terrorism occurs when governments actively try to suppress drug trafficking enterprises.

Question 19

Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the Beka'a Valley?

A) It is Lebanon's former nexus for terrorism, crime, and revolutionary activity.
B) It is a former major cocaine producing center in Latin America.
C) It was once a major drug trafficking route that moved large quantities of marijuana.
D) It is a former drug producing center in Southeast Asia.

Question 20

Which of the following propositions best explains the reasons for why Colombia's FARC participated in the drug trade?

A) It was a pragmatic decision to provide financial resources for the movement.
B) FARC was actually a criminal enterprise, and its professed ideological motivations were a ruse.
C) There was competition from other insurgent enterprises.
D) The FARC position was that drug consumption gave its fighters courage.

Question 21

Assuming traditional criminal enterprises are willing to traffic in virtually any commodity if the price is right, what is the potential threat to the international community when they interact with revolutionaries and terrorists?

Question 22

In what ways does cultural second-class status for women create a potential environment for political repression?

Question 23

Is it fair to discuss gender-related cultural practices within the contexts of repression and political violence against women?

Question 24

Describe the political environment caused by the conflict among Mexican drug traffickers.

Question 25

Cultural repression of women is common.

Question 26

Traditional criminal enterprises are highly political.

Question 27

In what ways was Lebanon's Beka'a Valley a nexus for terrorism, crime, and revolutionary activity?

Question 28

Briefly explain why the Afghanistan drug trade continued during the NATO and American war against the Taliban.

Question 29

In what ways is Latin America's Tri-Border region a nexus for terrorism and criminal activity?

Question 30

Terrorists and other extremist movements stay away from the drug trade as a matter of principle.

Question 31

Drug cartels posed a significant challenge to the Mexican government.

Question 32

Honor killings refer to assassinations by drug cartels of those who oppose them.

Question 33

Gender-selective terrorism has been recognized as a war crime for decades.

Question 34

Briefly discuss why traditional criminal enterprises engage in narco-terrorism or other forms of violence against the state or other public interests.

Question 35

The incidence of gender-selective terrorism is carefully documented and reported.

Question 36

Explain why male members of an enemy group are singled out for violence during periods of conflict.

Question 37

Drug cartels posed a significant challenge to the Colombian government.

Question 38

The mutaween are religious police in Saudi Arabia.

Question 39

Narco-terrorism occurs when governments leave criminal enterprises alone.

Question 40

Briefly describe the reasons behind Colombia's FARC and Sri Lanka's Tamil Tigers' decisions to participate in criminal enterprises such as the drug and arms trades.

Question 41

Explain the political ramifications and lessons represented by the case of the Zetas in Mexico.

Question 42

Discuss the international perception of gender-selective political violence. How has this perception evolved in the modern era? How has the international community responded to such violence? In your opinion, what is the future of this perception?

Question 43

Does it make sense to deem gender-selective political violence as a distinct variety of terrorism? Or, should such violence be classified under other forms of conflict and terrorism? Explain your answer.

Question 44

Does it make sense to deem criminal dissident political violence as a distinct variety of terrorism? Or, should such violence be classified under other forms of conflict and terrorism? Explain your answer.

Question 45

In your opinion, how should the world community respond to drug-producing centers such as the Golden Crescent and Golden Triangle?

Question 46

In your opinion, how would the legalization of drugs affect the incidence of criminal dissident terrorism globally?

Question 47

Within the context of gender-selective terrorism, discuss how the case of the Janjaweed in Sudan is an example of state-sponsored communal terrorism. Discuss also how this and other such campaigns can become genocidal in scale.

Question 48

At what point does legalized second-class treatment and violence against women become terrorism?

Question 49

At what point does classic criminal activity become terrorism? Describe this transition.

Question 50

How have transnational criminal enterprises been used by terrorists and dissident movements? Why have otherwise revolutionary movements engaged in these enterprises? Explain your answer and give examples of this behavior.