Deck 17: Using Punishment: Time-Out and Response Cost

Question 1

Negative punishment procedures involve the ____________ following the occurrence of a problem behavior.

A) removal of an aversive stimulus
B) removal of a reinforcing stimulus
C) presentation of a reinforcing stimulus
D) presentation of an aversive event

Answer 1

B

Question 2

When Timmy hits his little brother while they are playing video games, his Mom removes him from the game and he has to sit in a chair by himself for five minutes.As a result, Timmy is less likely to hit his brother in the future.Which punishment procedure is involved in this example?

A) time-out
B) isolation
C) overcorrection
D) negative reinforcement

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Matthew gets upset and throws one of his toys against the wall.His Dad then removes him from the toy room and puts him in the hallway for a brief period of time.As a result, the probability of Matthew throwing his toys against the wall decreases.Which negative punishment procedure is Matthew's Dad using with him?

A) response cost
B) restitution
C) nonexclusionary time-out
D) exclusionary time-out

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Nonexclusionary time-out is not used when

A) the individual's continued presence in the room is disruptive to others
B) access to positive reinforcers can be removed while the individual is in the room
C) participating in the activities in the classroom was reinforcing for the individual
D) A and C

Question 5

Punishment procedures are typically used ____________ functional nonaversive procedures.

A) before
B) after
C) instead of
D) A and C

Question 6

Nonexclusionary time-out is used when:

A) the individual's continued presence in the room is disruptive to others
B) access to positive reinforcers can be removed while the individual is in the room
C) it is important to maintain interactions with the individual during the time-out
D) A and C

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true concerning the use of punishment in behavior modification?

A) it can involve the presentation of a stimulus event
B) it typically involves the use of a painful stimulus
C) its use can be controversial
D) it can involve the removal of a stimulus event

Question 8

Positive punishment procedures involve the ____________ following the occurrence of a problem behavior.

A) removal of an aversive stimulus
B) removal of a reinforcing stimulus
C) presentation of a reinforcing stimulus
D) presentation of a aversive

Question 9

The complete name for time-out is:

A) time-out for behavior reduction
B) time-out from reinforcement
C) time-out from positive reinforcement
D) time-out from reinforcing activities

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT true concerning the use of punishment in conjunction with DRA?

A) an alternative behavior is reinforced
B) the problem behavior will decrease
C) the absence of the problem behavior is reinforced
D) an alternative behavior will increase

Question 11

While coloring with other children, Sarah begins to use her crayons to mess up the other children's pictures.Sarah is removed from the table for a brief period of time, and can only watch the other children coloring.In which punishment procedure does the individual remain in the room, but is removed from access to positive reinforcers?

A) exclusionary time-out
B) nonexclusionary time-out
C) negative reinforcement
D) response cost

Question 12

In order for time-out to be implemented, the time-out area should:

A) contain positive reinforcers
B) have a lock on the door to prevent escape
C) be free from sharp or breakable objects
D) all of these

Question 13

Punishment procedures should be used in conjunction with ____________ procedures.

A) chaining
B) extinction
C) shaping
D) reinforcement

Question 14

When a time-out procedure is used, the ____________ environment must consist of positively reinforcing activities or interactions.

A) time-out
B) time-in
C) adjacent
D) distal

Question 15

Which of the following occur(s) when DRO is used in conjunction with a punishment procedure?

A) the absence of the problem behavior is reinforced
B) an alternative behavior is reinforced
C) the problem behavior increases
D) A and B

Question 16

When a behavior occurs and is followed by the removal of a stimulus that results in a decrease in the behavior in the future, it is referred to as:

A) negative punishment
B) positive punishment
C) negative reinforcement
D) extinction

Question 17

When a behavior occurs and is followed by the presentation of a stimulus that results in a decrease in the behavior in the future, it is referred to as:

A) negative punishment
B) positive punishment
C) negative reinforcement
D) extinction

Question 18

In behavior modification, an aversive stimulus is defined in terms of:

A) how painful it is
B) its effect on behavior
C) how unpleasant it is
D) all of these

Question 19

Which of the following is a negative punishment procedure?

A) overcorrection
B) guided compliance
C) negative reinforcement
D) response cost

Question 20

When a behavior occurs and is followed by a consequence that results in a decrease in the behavior in the future, it is referred to as:

A) extinction
B) antecedent control
C) negative reinforcement
D) punishment

Question 21

Two common negative punishment procedures are ___________ and ___________.

Question 22

Time-out will be successful only if the time-in environment is _________________________.

Question 23

In ______________________ time out, the child is taken to another room contingent on the occurrence of the problem behavior.

Question 24

The procedures of extinction, response cost, and time-out are similar in that they all:

A) are used to decrease problem behaviors
B) involve removing the individual from access to reinforcement following the behavior
C) involve removing the reinforcer that is maintaining the behavior
D) all of these

Question 25

What behavioral principle(s) is involved in response cost?

A) positive punishment
B) negative reinforcement
C) negative punishment
D) negative punishment and extinction

Question 26

Which of the following can be used in response cost procedures?

A) activity punishers
B) tangible reinforcers
C) conditioned responses
D) aversive stimuli

Question 27

The extension of the time-out period when the individual is engaging in the problem behavior at the end of the time-out period is referred to as:

A) contingent delay
B) overcorrection
C) response cost
D) secondary time-out

Question 28

___________ involves removal of a child from a reinforcing situation in which the child loses access to reinforcing activities or interactions.

Question 29

Response cost is a ________________________ punishment procedure.

Question 30

Which of the following is true concerning the time-out period?

A) the time-out period should be brief
B) the period is extended if the problem behavior is occurring at the end of the time-out
C) there should be a delay between the behavior and removal from the environment
D) A and B

Question 31

The use of response cost involves the consideration of:

A) whether interactions can be avoided
B) which reinforcer to remove and when the loss will occur
C) whether escape can be prevented
D) when the punishing stimulus will be presented

Question 32

If the problem behavior does not result in a loss of ___________, the time-out procedure will be ineffective.

Question 33

Time-out is a _______________________ punishment procedure.

Question 34

Time-out should be used when:

A) the reinforcer for the problem behavior is escape from a task
B) the time-in environment is not reinforcing
C) functional procedures have not been implemented
D) none of these

Question 35

In __________________________, a specified amount of a reinforcer is removed contingent on the occurrence of the problem behavior.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a consideration in the use of time-out?

A) is time-out practical in the circumstances?
B) can interactions be maintained throughout the time-out period?
C) can escape be prevented?
D) is it safe to use time-out?

Question 37

Time-out duration is typically

A) less than 1 minute
B) 1 to 10 minutes
C) 10 to 20 minutes
D) at least 20 minutes

Question 38

Nicole comes home past her curfew, and is not allowed to use the car for a week.As a result, Nicole no longer comes home past her curfew.Which punishment procedure is illustrated in this example?

A) extinction
B) time-out
C) negative reinforcement
D) response cost

Question 39

Time-out is not appropriate to use with problem behaviors maintained by ___________ or ___________.

Question 40

In _______________________ time out, the child is moved to another part of the room contingent on the occurrence of the problem behavior.

Question 41

When is nonexclusionary time-out most likely to be used?

Question 42

Taking away a child's dessert is an appropriate loss of a reinforcer in a response cost procedure.

Question 43

Describe exclusionary time-out.

Question 44

How are response cost, time-out and extinction different?

Question 45

The "time-in" environment must be more reinforcing than the time-out environment.

Question 46

Time-out should be brief.

Question 47

Define response cost.

Question 48

Punishment procedures should be one of the first procedures considered to decrease problem behaviors.

Question 49

A time-out room should have a lock on the door so the client is unable to escape back to the reinforcing environment.

Question 50

Taking a meal away from a child in a response cost procedure is an acceptable strategy.

Question 51

Describe nonexclusionary.

Question 52

In response cost, the reinforcer that is lost is sometimes returned to the child after a period of time.

Question 53

A differential reinforcement procedure should be used with response cost.

Question 54

Whenever you use time-out, you should always incorporate a reinforcement procedure.

Question 55

Sitting down and talking with a child to prevent escape from time-out is acceptable.

Question 56

When should punishment procedures be considered?

Question 57

Beth's teacher is frequently putting Beth in the time-out chair at the back of the classroom.While Beth is in time-out, she makes funny faces and noises which make the other children laugh.Beth continues her behaviors that end her up in the time-out chair throughout the day.What might work better to decrease Beth's problem behaviors?