Deck 24: Fear and Anxiety Reduction Procedures

Question 1

All of the following procedures are used to reduce fear and anxiety problems except:

A) systematic desensitization
B) punishment
C) relaxation training
D) in vivo desensitization

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Zach sees a therapist to overcome his fear of heights.Zach learns to relax by focusing his attention on a pleasant stimulus, in order to remove his attention from the anxiety producing situation.In this example, Zach is using ____________ to produce relaxation.

A) behavioral relaxation training
B) attention-focusing exercises
C) systematic desensitization
D) in vivo desensitization

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A therapist teaches an individual to decrease autonomic arousal by breathing deeply in a slow rhythmic fashion.This type of breathing is referred to as ____________ breathing.

A) diaphragmatic
B) focused
C) systematic
D) progressive

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What function does the use of a cue word serve in progressive muscle relaxation?

A) the cue word reinforces the use of progressive muscle relaxation
B) the cue word develops into a conditioned stimulus that elicits relaxation
C) the cue word helps the individual avoid anxiety producing thoughts
D) all of these

Question 5

The respondent behavior in fear and anxiety problems involves ____________, and the operant behavior involves ____________.

A) autonomic nervous system arousal; escape or avoidance behavior
B) escape or avoidance behavior; autonomic nervous system arousal
C) autonomic nervous system arousal; autonomic nervous system arousal
D) escape or avoidance behavior; escape or avoidance behavior

Question 6

Whenever Amy sees a dog, she experiences unpleasant bodily responses (rapid heart beat, upset stomach, and sweaty hands) and engages in escape behavior (runs away).In behavior modification, Amy's operant and respondent behavior is referred to as:

A) fear
B) reactivity
C) alarm
D) behavioral excess

Question 7

Fear and anxiety reduction procedures are used to treat ____________ behavior.

A) operant
B) respondent
C) autonomic
D) all of these

Question 8

Helen experiences so much anxiety when she is in public that she no longer leaves her house.When the level of anxiety and avoidance behavior severely disrupts an individual's life it is called a(an):

A) conditioned disorder
B) phobia
C) generalized disorder
D) avoidance disorder

Question 9

Which of the following behaviors may function as an establishing operation in fear and anxiety problems?

A) escape behavior
B) respondent behavior
C) avoidance behavior
D) operant behavior

Question 10

John experiences anxiety whenever he is in a crowded room, and he leaves the crowded room to decrease his anxiety.John's behavior of leaving the crowded room to decrease his autonomic nervous system arousal is:

A) positively punished
B) negatively punished
C) positively reinforced
D) negatively reinforced

Question 11

The key to systematic desensitization is to:

A) maintain relaxation while being exposed to the fear-producing stimulus
B) maintain relaxation while imagining the fear-producing stimulus
C) rapidly progress through the fear hierarchy
D) teach an individual to avoid the fear-producing stimulus

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT an attention-focusing procedure?

A) guided imagery
B) meditation
C) diaphragmatic breathing
D) hypnosis

Question 13

Relaxation training procedures are used to:

A) produce bodily responses similar to autonomic arousal
B) decrease autonomic arousal
C) enhance autonomic arousal
D) A and C

Question 14

Whenever Cindy sees a mouse, she experiences rapid heart rate, sweaty hands, and an upset stomach.The presence of the mouse is a(an) ____________, and the unpleasant bodily response is a(an) ____________.

A) conditioned stimulus; conditioned response
B) establishing operation; operant response
C) unconditioned stimulus; unconditioned response
D) conditioned stimulus; operant response

Question 15

Which relaxation procedure involves teaching an individual to systematically tense and relax each major muscle group in the body until a relaxed state has been achieved?

A) diaphragmatic breathing
B) in vivo desensitization
C) attention-focusing exercises
D) progressive muscle relaxation

Question 16

Barb is seeing a therapist to overcome her fear of flying.The therapist has Barb practice relaxation while imagining progressively greater anxiety situations involved in flying.What procedure is the therapist using to decrease Barb's fear of flying?

A) exposure training
B) contact training
C) in vivo desensitization
D) systematic desensitization

Question 17

Wendy is seeing a psychologist for an anxiety problem and learns to relax all the major muscle groups in her body by assuming relaxed postures.Which relaxation training procedure is being used?

A) progressive muscle relaxation
B) behavioral relaxation training
C) diaphragmatic breathing
D) attention-focusing exercises

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true concerning fear?

A) respondent behavior is a component of fear
B) operant behavior is a component of fear
C) it is not always known how the fear developed
D) it must be known how the fear was conditioned to overcome the fear

Question 19

Bill experiences autonomic nervous system arousal whenever he is in an airplane.In behavior modification, autonomic nervous system arousal in response to a particular stimulus is labeled:

A) aversion
B) excitation
C) anxiety
D) reactivity

Question 20

Which of the following is a component of behavioral relaxation training?

A) focusing on muscle tension
B) attention focusing
C) learning to breath correctly
D) all of these

Question 21

Progressive muscle relaxation involves systematically ________________ and ________________ major muscle groups in the body.

Question 22

Diaphragmatic breathing involves:

A) deep, rhythmic breathing
B) tensing and relaxing each of the major muscle groups in the body
C) listening to a therapist who provides images of relaxing scenes
D) assuming relaxed postures with all parts of the body supported in a recliner of comfortable chair

Question 23

Attention focusing exercises involve:

A) deep, rhythmic breathing
B) tensing and relaxing each of the major muscle groups in the body
C) focusing on a therapist who provides images of relaxing scene
D) assuming relaxed postures with all parts of the body supported in a recliner of comfortable chair

Question 24

The advantage of systematic desensitization is that:

A) there is not a problem with generalization
B) it is easier and more convenient than contact desensitization
C) desirable behavior can be reinforced in a real life situation
D) the individual is exposed to the actual feared stimulus

Question 25

__________________ desensitization involves imaginal contact with the feared stimuli in the hierarchy.

Question 26

Ellen is afraid of snakes.Whenever she sees a picture of a snake or sees one on TV her heart races and she immediately turns her head.The operant behavior involved in Ellen's fear of snakes is ________________.

Question 27

In the case of Ellen's fear, identify the CS _____________and the CR ____________.

Question 28

In the case of Ellen's fear, identify the reinforcement for turning her head.________________

Question 29

In helping an individual overcome a fear, it is important to identify all ________________ that currently function to elicit the ________________.

Question 30

__________________ desensitization involves actual contact with the feared stimuli in the hierarchy.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a step in the use of systematic desensitization?

A) learning relaxation skills
B) practicing relaxation skills
C) developing a hierarchy
D) exposure to the fear-producing stimulus

Question 32

The respondent behavior involved in Ellen's fear is ________________.

Question 33

What procedures for treating fears involve the use of a fear hierarchy? _________________________________

Question 34

The procedure of systematic desensitization is complete when:

A) relaxation is maintained while being exposed to each step of the hierarchy
B) relaxation is maintained while imagining each scene from the hierarchy
C) the entire fear hierarchy has been developed
D) the client has learned relaxation skills

Question 35

Fear and anxiety reduction procedures are based on principles of ________________ and ________ conditioning.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT true concerning in vivo desensitization?

A) the individual makes actual contact with the feared stimulus
B) there is not a problem with generalization
C) it does not require a lot of time to implement
D) relaxation training is not always used

Question 37

Matt is working with a psychologist to overcome his fear of heights.They develop a fear hierarchy and Matt is exposed to progressively greater fear-producing situations while maintaining relaxation.Which procedure is being used to help Matt overcome his fear of heights?

A) systematic desensitization
B) in vivo desensitization
C) environmental desensitization
D) experimental desensitization

Question 38

Progressive muscle relaxation involves:

A) deep, rhythmic breathing
B) tensing and relaxing each of the major muscle groups in the body
C) focusing on a therapist who provides images of relaxing scene
D) assuming relaxed postures with all parts of the body supported in a recliner of comfortable chair

Question 39

In ____________ desensitization an individual maintains relaxation while imagining the fear-producing stimulus, and in ____________ desensitization an individual maintains relaxation while being exposed to the fear-producing stimulus.

A) in vivo; systematic
B) contact; in vivo
C) systematic; in vivo
D) in vivo; contact

Question 40

Behavioral relaxation training involves:

A) deep, rhythmic breathing
B) tensing and relaxing each of the major muscle groups in the body
C) listening to a therapist who provides images of relaxing scenes
D) assuming relaxed postures with all parts of the body supported in a recliner of comfortable chair

Question 41

How does focusing attention on the sensations of breathing help a person alleviate anxiety?

Question 42

In vivo desensitization involves relaxing while in the presence of the actual fear producing stimuli.

Question 43

List one advantage and one disadvantage of systematic desensitization.
List one advantage and one disadvantage of in vivo desensitization.

Question 44

In diaphragmatic breathing, if the shoulders move on an inhale, the procedure is being done properly.

Question 45

Diaphragmatic breathing is a form of relaxation training.

Question 46

There is a greater chance of generalization occurring with the use of systematic desensitization.

Question 47

Flooding is the preferred method for treating fears in most cases.

Question 48

Systematic desensitization involves relaxing while in the presence of fear or anxiety provoking stimuli.

Question 49

What are the 3 steps in the use of systematic desensitization?

Question 50

A therapist does not have to know how a fear was conditioned in order to help the individual overcome the fear.

Question 51

Relaxation training procedures produce bodily responses that are opposite of autonomic arousal.What are the bodily responses involved in autonomic arousal?

Question 52

Hypnosis is not a form of relaxation training.

Question 53

Most treatment programs for anxiety and fear disorders only involve components to address the operant behaviors.

Question 54

How does diaphragmatic breathing decrease autonomic arousal?

Question 55

PMR must be done with a trained therapist.

Question 56

List 3 procedures used to help people overcome problems of fear or anxiety.