Deck 6: Health-Compromising Behaviours

Question 1

Jennifer smokes because she finds it relaxing.She would best be described as a(n)

A)habitual smoker
B)positive affect smoker
C)negative affect smoker
D)addictive smoker
E)hereditary smoker

Answer 1

positive affect smoker

Question 2

Ian likes to drink because it makes him more friendly and outgoing.He also has a tendency to inflate his self-evaluations and worry less.Which model of drinking behaviour best accounts for Ian's continued drinking?

A)social learning model
B)alcohol dependency model
C)self-awareness model
D)alcohol myopia
E)tension reduction hypothesis model

Answer 2

alcohol myopia

Question 3

Jeff smokes a pack of cigarettes per day.At any time,he can tell you when he is due for his next cigarette.Jeff would be described as a _________________ smoker.

A)habitual smoker
B)positive affect smoker
C)negative affect smoker
D)addictive smoker
E)hereditary smoker

Answer 3

addictive smoker

Question 4

The WHO prepared the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control with the goal of

A)aid in the controlled growing of tobacco in South America
B)of regulating nicotine worldwide
C)prevention and harm reduction of tobacco
D)helping people to stop smoking
E)growing tobacco for medicinal purposes

Question 5

The problem with the alcohol dependency syndrome model is that it emphasizes ______________ and neglects the ________________.

A)cognitive aspects;physical properties
B)social learning aspects;physical properties
C)physical properties;cognitive aspects
D)cognitive aspects;social learning aspects
E)social learning aspects;cognitive aspects

Question 6

The highest rates of smoking in Canada occur among

A)female teens aged 15 to 19
B)male teens aged 15 to 19
C)Inuit and First Nations people
D)the highest income bracket
E)non-European immigrants

Question 7

Researchers have conducted a series of studies to evaluate the effectiveness of the graphic warning labels found on cigarette packaging.The findings have been

A)controversial
B)negative,showing an increase in smoking behaviour
C)positive,showing a decrease in smoking behaviour
D)mixed,showing both increases and decreases in some populations
E)inconclusive

Question 8

The model of drinking behaviour which proposes that people drink because their friends drink is the ______________________ model.

A)social learning
B)alcohol dependency
C)peer pressure
D)alcohol myopia
E)self-awareness

Question 9

While excessive alcohol consumption has direct negative consequences,light to moderate alcohol consumption has health benefits because alcohol

A)increases levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
B)decreases levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
C)increases levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
D)decreases levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
E)decreases fat storage

Question 10

The majority of people who stop drinking do so

A)by joining Alcoholics Anonymous
B)by relying on social learning principles
C)without assistance
D)using psychotherapy
E)using drug therapy

Question 11

Any form of nicotine-replacement therapy will be more effective if combined with

A)psychological treatment
B)gradual reduction in nicotine
C)will power
D)the desire to quit
E)management of withdrawal symptoms

Question 12

All of the following are designed to help people overcome the environmental conditions that perpetuate smoking except

A)stimulus control
B)self-monitoring
C)behavioural contracting
D)using nicotine gum
E)self-management strategies

Question 13

All of the following have been identified as factors which encourage adolescents to start smoking except

A)peer pressure
B)modeling
C)advertising
D)personal characteristics
E)socioeconomic status

Question 14

Virtually all cases of ______________________ occur in smokers and rarely occur in non-smokers.

A)cardiovascular disease
B)cerebrovascular disease
C)pancreatic cancer
D)cancer of the kidney
E)emphysema

Question 15

Identifying different types of smokers is important because

A)the cause of smoking differs with each type
B)strategies to quit smoking may vary in effectiveness
C)habitual smokers have the most difficult time quitting
D)addictive smokers have the most difficult time quitting
E)it appears that people start smoking for different reasons

Question 16

The model which explains drinking behaviour as a lack of control is the

A)disease model
B)alcohol dependency syndrome model
C)tension reduction model
D)self-awareness model
E)alcohol myopia

Question 17

Aversion strategies such as electric shock and rapid smoking are most effective if used _____________________

A)sparingly
B)initially
C)over a long period of time
D)with education about the problems with smoking
E)with information about the benefits of not smoking

Question 18

The strongest genetic contributor to smoking initiation appears to be _________________

A)the neurotransmitter dopamine
B)genetic factors underlying certain personality traits associated with smoking
C)genetic differences in dependency
D)linked to obesity
E)a smoking gene on one of the chromosomes

Question 19

The leading number one preventable cause of death and disease in Canada is

A)obesity
B)smoking
C)alcoholism
D)cancer
E)cardiovascular disease

Question 20

The type of smoker that derives no benefit from smoking is the

A)non-smoker
B)habitual smoker
C)addictive smoker
D)positive affect smoker
E)negative affect smoker

Question 21

In describing the effects of leptin on obesity,it appears that the obese individual may

A)be less sensitive to leptin
B)be more sensitive to leptin
C)be leptin reactive
D)have less leptin in their bodies
E)metabolize leptin more efficiently

Question 22

Misperception of one's body shape and size is a condition referred to as

A)anorexia nervosa
B)bulimia nervosa
C)body dysmorphic disorder
D)muscle dysmorphia
E)reverse anorexia

Question 23

The most commonly used illicit drug in North America is

A)heroin
B)marijuana
C)ecstasy
D)LSD
E)cocaine

Question 24

The body mass index (BMI)is a measure of ______________________ .

A)the ratio of body fat to muscle
B)body fat
C)the ratio of weight to height
D)mortality
E)health risk

Question 25

Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by

A)a dramatic reduction in food intake
B)extreme weight loss
C)fear of gaining weight
D)a preoccupation with food
E)recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging

Question 26

Research by Herman and Polivy (1980)demonstrated that participants classified as ___________________ eaters were more likely to consume more food than ___________________ eaters.

A)leptin sensitive;leptin resistant
B)leptin resistant;leptin sensitive
C)restrained eaters;unrestrained eaters
D)unrestrained eaters;restrained eaters
E)external cue sensitive;internal cue sensitive

Question 27

When the body's level of leptin increases

A)the neurons that stimulate hunger are suppressed
B)the neurons that stimulate hunger are activated
C)body fat decreases
D)energy expenditure is reduced
E)caloric intake increases

Question 28

The mechanism claiming that dieting and restricting one's eating may have deleterious effects is

A)restrained eaters are more sensitive to external cues
B)unrestrained eaters are more sensitive to external cues
C)restrained eaters are more sensitive to internal cues
D)some eaters are leptin resistant
E)unrestrained eaters are more sensitive to internal cues

Question 29

Which model of sexual health behaviour claims that the individual must be motivated to engage in safe sex practices?

A)the health belief model
B)theory of reasoned action
C)theory of planned behaviour
D)information-motivation behavioural skills model
E)stages of change model

Question 30

The internality-externality hypothesis proposes that people of normal weight attend to ________________ cues while obese individuals are more attentive to ________________ cues.

A)leptin;feelings of hunger
B)feelings of hunger;leptin
C)hunger pangs;sight of food
D)sight of food;hunger pangs
E)time of day;feelings of fullness

Question 31

The diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa include a body weight at less than __________ of normal weight for one's age and height.

A)95%
B)85%
C)75%
D)65%
E)55%

Question 32

The theory that proposes a powerful biological mechanism that controls a person's weight is the

A)health belief model
B)internality-externality hypothesis model
C)theory of reasoned action
D)set-point theory
E)theory of planned behaviour

Question 33

Most often,a relapse will occur within ___________ after the end of treatment for alcoholism.

A)three years
B)three days
C)three months
D)three weeks
E)one year

Question 34

The most important predictor of newly diagnosed eating disorders is

A)dieting
B)extreme weight loss
C)excessive exercise
D)being from the upper social classes
E)being an athlete

Question 35

The biggest problem with losing weight by dieting is that the dieting individual

A)becomes moody and self absorbed
B)is obsessed with food
C)is frequently unable to maintain the weight loss
D)loses fat and muscle
E)does not have social reinforcers readily available

Question 36

Historically,the most common approach to losing weight is

A)prevention
B)dieting
C)education
D)pharmacological treatment
E)behavioural

Question 37

Most prescription and over-the counter drugs used in the treatment of obesity attempt to

A)increase leptin levels
B)decrease the rate of food digestion
C)decrease leptin levels
D)decrease appetite
E)decrease metabolic rate

Question 38

The behavioural treatment of obesity may include any or all of the following strategies except

A)stimulus control
B)self-monitoring
C)self-control
D)gastric bypass
E)social support

Question 39

A person with bulimia is more likely to engage in impulsive behaviours including all of the following except

A)binge eating
B)spending sprees
C)excessive exercising
D)sexual promiscuity
E)shop-lifting

Question 40

All of the following are reasons why students reportedly do not use condoms except

A)insufficient knowledge of HIV/STDs
B)embarrassed purchasing condoms
C)difficulty discussing condom use with their partner
D)believed condoms interfere with sexual pleasure
E)trust in their partner's information

Question 41

Compare the disease model of problem drinking with social learning model.How do these two models propose to prevent or treat alcohol abuse?.

Question 42

Apply the stages of change model to drug use and indicate the stages an individual goes through in deciding to use cocaine.

Question 43

A characteristic which is common in anorexia nervosa,bulimia nervosa and muscle dysmorphia is

A)fear of getting fat
B)low self-esteem
C)competitiveness
D)constant dieting
E)excessive exercise

Question 44

Distinguish between bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa.

Question 45

Discuss the factors which prompt adolescents to begin smoking.

Question 46

Why is obesity considered one of the top 10 global health problems? What can be done to prevent obesity?

Question 47

Discuss the health consequences of excessive alcohol use.

Question 48

A disorder characterized by a preoccupation with the idea that one's body is not sufficiently lean and muscular is

A)anorexia nervosa
B)bulimia nervosa
C)body dysmorphic disorder
D)muscle dysmorphia
E)obsessive compulsive disorder

Question 49

The difficulty in treating Anorexia stems from issues regarding

A)hostility
B)low self esteem
C)starvation
D)control
E)medication availability

Question 50

Smokers are at greater risk for developing a number of illnesses.Describe three such diseases and describe why smoking contributes to the development of the illness.

Question 51

Bulimia is much easier to treat because

A)their symptoms are recognizable
B)bulimics are aware that their eating habits are not normal
C)it is most prevalent in females
D)medication is readily available
E)the mortality rate is so high

Question 52

One model used to explain drinking behaviour states that people who have been drinking do not respond as strongly psychologically or physiologically to stressors.This model is called the

A)self-awareness model
B)alcohol dependency syndrome model
C)social learning model
D)disease model
E)stress response dampening effect

Question 53

Commonly abused prescription medication includes all of the following except:

A)Oxycodone
B)Ritalin
C)Ativan
D)MDMA
E)Percodan

Question 54

Youri is preoccupied with the idea that his body is not sufficiently lean and muscular to the extent that it causes him great distress in social situations.Youri most likely has

A)anorexia nervosa
B)binge eating disorder
C)bulimia nervosa
D)muscle dysmorphia
E)cognitive dysmorphic disorder

Question 55

Describe three techniques for assisting people to stop smoking.

Question 56

Provide two examples of nicotine-replacement therapy and explain how the therapy works.

Question 57

Discuss the four models which attempt to explain why people become regular smokers.

Question 58

The leading cause of mental retardation in the world is

A)passive smoking of (ETS)
B)fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)
C)obesity
D)illicit drug use
E)prenatal cannabis use

Question 59

A drinker's decreased ability to process information outside of a narrow range refers to

A)tension reduction hypothesis
B)gamma alcoholism
C)alcohol myopia
D)delta alcoholism
E)the stress response dampening effect

Question 60

The use of drugs and alcohol can result in indirect health consequences as well as numerous direct health consequences.An example of indirect health consequences would be:

A)engaging in unsafe sexual practices
B)feelings of fear,anxiety or panic
C)distortions in perception
D)feelings of euphoria
E)feeling depressed

Question 61

Discuss the three cognitive-physiological models proposed to explain drinking behaviour.

Question 62

Describe the stress response dampening effect of alcohol and explain why this model was proposed and why it is important.

Question 63

Discuss the treatment strategies for the eating disorders.

Question 64

Discuss the biological,psychosocial and social cultural factors which contribute to the rising incidence of obesity in Canada.

Question 65

Describe the differences between hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD and stimulants such as cocaine.

Question 66

What are the sociocultural factors that contribute to obesity?

Question 67

Describe drug use according to the stages of change model.

Question 68

Describe the behavioural treatment of obesity.What are the long term effects of such a program of therapy?

Question 69

Using the information-motivation-behavioural skills model describe the steps one must go through before one will engage in safe sex practices.

Question 70

Explain why prevention would be the preferred strategy for dealing with obesity.

Question 71

Discuss the biological,cultural and psychological factors which contribute to eating disorders.