Deck 2: Heredity and Prenatal Development

Question 1

What is formed during mitosis?

A) mutation
B) 23 chromosomes
C) sperm and ova cells
D) new cells with identical DNA

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What is the definition of heredity?

A) the molecular structure of the rod-shaped structures located in the cells
B) physical traits determined by the combining of various genes
C) the cell division process by which growth occurs and tissues are replaced
D) one's nature, which is based on biological transmission of traits and characteristics

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is the meaning of "heredity"?

A) the manifestation of traits in a person's characteristics
B) the biological transmission of traits and characteristics
C) the combination of genes that influence our phenotype
D) the division of cells that determine the person we become

Answer 3

B

Question 4

How many chromosomes are contained in a cell created during meiosis?

A) 23
B) 25
C) 43
D) 46

Question 5

What branch of science includes the study of genetics?

A) chemistry
B) physics
C) biology
D) psychology

Question 6

If you were to paint a picture of a chromosome, what shape would you depict?

A) a rod
B) a cone
C) a circle
D) an octagon

Question 7

Next year you will be pursuing an education in the field of heredity.If someone asked you what exactly you will be studying, which word would you most likely use?

A) etiology
B) genetics
C) biology
D) eugenics

Question 8

DNA takes the form of what physical shape?

A) a zipper
B) a straight ladder
C) a twisting ladder
D) interlocking circles

Question 9

What does DNA stand for?

A) dionucleic acid
B) dionyotic acetate
C) deoxyribonucleic acid
D) diophosphate nucleic acetone

Question 10

At the moment of conception, how many chromosomes does a healthy zygote contain?

A) 20
B) 32
C) 46
D) 48

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT influenced by genetics?

A) physical traits
B) motivation
C) psychological problems
D) intelligence

Question 12

What is another term for "reduction division"?

A) mitosis
B) meiosis
C) cell death
D) neural pruning

Question 13

Richard and Alice have just conceived.They joke, by stating "they are building a baby." Precisely how many chromosomes will Alice contribute?

A) 13
B) 23
C) 46
D) 92

Question 14

You are a science teacher and one of your students asks: "How many genes ultimately govern our heredity?" What is your reply?

A) We have 1,000 to 1,500 genes in our cells.
B) We have 10,000 to 20,000 genes in our cells.
C) We have 20,000 to 25,000 genes in our cells.
D) We have 25,000 to 35,000 genes in our cells.

Question 15

What is the name of the thousands of segments contained in chromosomes?

A) nuclei
B) genes
C) cytosines
D) phosphates

Question 16

Of the 23 pairs of chromosomes, 22 pairs look alike and possess genetic information concerning the same traits.What term refers to these 22 pairs of chromosomes?

A) autosomes
B) sperm cells
C) sex chromosomes
D) identical chromosomes

Question 17

What is the function of genes?

A) They regulate the development of traits.
B) They decide the gender of the child.
C) They hardwire people for certain levels of some traits.
D) They work together with lutein to influence development.

Question 18

What characteristic distinguishes polygenic traits?

A) They are uncommon in humans.
B) They are transmitted only by the female.
C) They result in more complex characteristics.
D) They are transmitted by a single pair of genes.

Question 19

What method of cell reproduction allows for more genetic "variability"?

A) cloning
B) meiosis
C) mitosis
D) cross-fertilization

Question 20

What is the result when a fertilized egg does NOT separate on the 13th day of development?

A) conjoined twins
B) monozygotic twins
C) meiosis
D) cell mutation

Question 21

Cathy and Doug both have brown eyes.If their child has blue eyes, what can we conclude about Cathy's and Doug's genes for blue eyes?

A) Both Cathy and Doug must be carrying a recessive gene for blue eyes.
B) Either Cathy or Doug must be carrying a recessive gene for blue eyes.
C) Both Cathy and Doug must be carrying a dominant gene for blue eyes.
D) Either Cathy or Doug must be carrying a dominant gene for blue eyes.

Question 22

What is the diagnosis of an infant born with 47 chromosomes instead of 46?

A) phenylketonuria
B) sickle-cell anemia
C) Down syndrome
D) Tay-Sachs disease

Question 23

What is the cause of Down syndrome?

A) alcohol abuse by the father
B) alcohol abuse by the mother
C) sex-linked chromosomal abnormalities
D) abnormalities of the 21st pair of chromosomes

Question 24

What term describes each member of a pair of genes?

A) an allele
B) an autosome
C) a homozygous trait
D) a heterozygous trait

Question 25

Maria and Eric are told they are "carriers" of a particular trait? What does that mean?

A) They bear co-dominant genes for a trait.
B) They bear two dominant genes for a trait.
C) They carry two recessive genes for a trait.
D) They carry one recessive and one dominant gene for a trait.

Question 26

Which of the following results from a dominant trait?

A) type O blood
B) straight hair
C) myopia
D) farsightedness

Question 27

What can we conclude about a boy with two alleles for brown eyes?

A) He has blue eyes.
B) He is referred to as "atypical."
C) He is homozygous for eye colour.
D) He has eye colour as a co-dominant trait.

Question 28

Baby A has two X chromosomes while Baby B has an X chromosome and a Y chromosome.What can you conclude about these two babies?

A) The babies will have different hair colour.
B) Baby A is a girl and Baby B is a boy.
C) Baby A is a boy and Baby B is a girl.
D) Baby A suffers a genetic error and Baby B is healthy.

Question 29

Jill carries two genes for brown eyes, and Jack carries two genes for blue eyes.What can we predict about their child's eye colour?

A) Their child will have a 50% chance of having brown eyes.
B) Their child will have a 75% chance of having brown eyes.
C) Their child will have a 100% chance of having blue eyes.
D) Their child will have a 100% chance of having brown eyes.

Question 30

Which of the following is a characteristic of dominant alleles?

A) They cause traits in individuals when paired with recessive alleles.
B) They come from the father of the developing child.
C) They are determined during mitosis.
D) They are determined by the parents during the germinal period.

Question 31

Which of the following is an essential attribute of Down syndrome?

A) It is caused by a virus during pregnancy.
B) It is significantly more likely in boys than girls.
C) It is caused by a defect on the sex chromosomes.
D) It is increasingly likely among children born to older parents.

Question 32

What is a defining characteristic of a recessive gene?

A) It is expressed when it is paired with another recessive gene.
B) It is expressed only when it is paired with a dominant gene.
C) It is expressed regardless of whether it is paired with a recessive or a dominant gene.
D) It is rarely passed on to offspring.

Question 33

You are out with your friends and you want to dazzle them with your new child development knowledge.You decide to inform your friend Peter of his chromosome pattern.How pattern do you describe?

A) XX
B) XY
C) XYY
D) XXY

Question 34

What factor determines the sex of a child?

A) the presence of dionyotic acetate in the uterus
B) the sex chromosome received from the father
C) the time in the ovulation cycle when conception occurs
D) the presence or absence of teratogens at the time of conception

Question 35

A woman gives birth to dizygotic twins.Without having met this woman, what do you know about her?

A) She is a young mother.
B) She is of Asian descent.
C) She has a decreased chance of subsequent pregnancies.
D) She has an increased chance of giving birth to twins in future pregnancies.

Question 36

What is the result of a zygote that divides into two cells that separate?

A) mitosis
B) dizygotic twins
C) cross-fertilization
D) monozygotic twins

Question 37

A person who inherits a gene for blonde hair and a gene for brown hair will have brown hair.What can we conclude about the gene for brown hair?

A) It is more common.
B) It is recessive.
C) It is dominant.
D) It is monozygy.

Question 38

What term describes a person who has two alleles for the same trait?

A) dizygotic
B) homozygous
C) monozygotic
D) heterozygous

Question 39

A girl who has cystic fibrosis has moved into your neighbourhood.Without having met her, what do you know about her?

A) She has a younger mother.
B) She has more than 23 chromosomal pairs.
C) She carries cystic fibrosis as a recessive gene.
D) She did NOT have a dominant gene to cancel out the cystic fibrosis.

Question 40

Which of the following conditions is NOT caused by a single pair of genes?

A) cystic fibrosis
B) Down syndrome
C) sex-linked chromosomal abnormalities
D) myopia

Question 41

Joshua was born with an inherited disease that blocked the development of an enzyme critical for development.Over time, Joshua has developed profound intellectual challenges.What disorder does Joshua have?

A) Tay-Sachs disease
B) sickle-cell anemia
C) phenylketonuria
D) Down syndrome

Question 42

What symptom describes Huntington disease (HD)?

A) infertility
B) an inability to metabolize an amino acid
C) uncontrollable muscle movements
D) complications such as blindness

Question 43

Your sister tells you her friend's child has been diagnosed with Tay-Sachs disease.Your sister asks you what you know about this disease.What do you tell her?

A) It is caused by a dominant gene.
B) It is linked to the X chromosome.
C) It affects the pancreas and the lungs.
D) It is a fatal degenerative disease of the central nervous system.

Question 44

Trevor is an African-Canadian child who was born with a disease that altered the shape of his blood cells.He typically does NOT eat very much, his eyes have a yellow colour, and he shows signs of cognitive difficulties.What disorder does Trevor have?

A) phenylketonuria
B) sickle-cell anemia.
C) Down syndrome
D) Tay-Sachs disease.

Question 45

You are a pregnant woman who has just consulted a genetic counsellor.You asked about your risk for having a child with Huntington disease.What prevalence rate will the genetic counsellor suggest?

A) 1 in every 5,000 births
B) 1 in every 10,000 births
C) 1 in every 50,000 births
D) 1 in every 75,000 births

Question 46

Which person has a recessive trait?

A) Jack who has dimples
B) Martha who has red hair
C) Janice who has been diagnosed as being farsighted
D) David who has very curly hair

Question 47

Which person is most likely to develop sickle-cell anemia?

A) a person of Asian descent
B) a person of African descent
C) a person of Irish descent
D) a person of Jewish descent

Question 48

Which individual is most likely to have Tay-Sachs disease?

A) a 4-year-old child of Jewish descent
B) a 5-year-old child of European descent
C) a 10-year-old child of African descent
D) a 20-year-old male of Spanish descent

Question 49

Which of the following disorders is the rarest?

A) Down's syndrome
B) Turner's syndrome
C) Huntington disease
D) Klinefelter syndrome

Question 50

Two-week-old Isaiah, a child of Jewish heritage, is most at risk of having which disease?

A) sickle-cell anemia
B) hemophilia
C) Huntington disease
D) Tay-Sachs disease

Question 51

Queen Victoria was a carrier of which of the following?

A) myopia
B) red-green colour blindness
C) phenylketonuria
D) hemophilia

Question 52

According to the Huntington Society of Canada, what is the prevalence of Huntington disease (HD) in Canada?

A) HD affects only females.
B) One in every 10,000 Canadians has HD.
C) Ten in every 10,000 Canadians has HD.
D) HD affects only males.

Question 53

In 2012, what organization proudly declared March 21, to be World Down Syndrome Day?

A) United Nations
B) UNICEF
C) Canadian Psychological Association
D) Canadian Medical Association

Question 54

What is a common characteristic of most individuals who have an abnormal number of sex chromosomes?

A) They have flat faces.
B) They are infertile.
C) They have more body hair than normal.
D) They have round faces.

Question 55

John thinks his neighbour's child has Down syndrome.His wife looks closely at the child's face and shakes her head.What facial characteristic did Mary notice that suggests the child does NOT have Down syndrome?

A) a protruding tongue
B) a pointy nose
C) a sloping fold of skin over the inner corners of the eyes
D) a rounded face

Question 56

Which person has a dominant trait?

A) Andrea who has myopia
B) Richard who has red-green colour blindness
C) Lynne who has Type O blood
D) Wayne who has Type B blood

Question 57

Children with PKU will develop normally if they are placed on a special diet.What does their special diet exclude?

A) all fruits
B) all proteins
C) all vegetables
D) all meat and nuts

Question 58

What is the cause of sickle-cell anemia?

A) a recessive gene
B) a slow destruction of the liver leading to jaundice and swollen joints
C) white blood cells that take on the shape of a sickle and clump together
D) red blood cells that expand the blood vessels and increase the oxygen supply

Question 59

What type of disorder is phenylketonuria?

A) an enzyme disorder
B) a disorder transmitted by a dominant gene
C) a disorder that manifests itself in all children of carriers
D) a disorder caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy

Question 60

Janet has Huntington disease and knows that approximately half of her children will also have Huntington disease.What will cause this disease to occur in her children?

A) a blood disorder
B) a recessive trait
C) a dominant trait
D) a personality disorder

Question 61

Your pregnant niece is scheduled for an amniocentesis, but she is confused by all the prenatal tests she has read about.Which of the following do you tell her about the process of amniocentesis?

A) It has NOT been used as frequently as CVS because amniocentesis carries a slightly greater risk of spontaneous abortion.
B) It is carried out much earlier in a pregnancy than a CVS.
C) It involves a procedure that inserts a small syringe through the vagina.
D) It involves the examination of villi from the membrane that envelops the amniotic sac and fetus.

Question 62

What is the cause of cystic fibrosis?

A) a recessive gene
B) a dominant gene
C) incomplete mitosis
D) an abnormality in the 21st pair of chromosomes

Question 63

What disorder is caused by a sex-linked genetic abnormality?

A) hemophilia
B) Tay-Sachs disease
C) cystic fibrosis
D) Huntington disease

Question 64

You are scheduled to have an amniocentesis.What will occur during this medical process?

A) Fluid will be tested from the "sac" containing the fetus.
B) A biopsy will be taken from your spine.
C) Your sperm will be tested for genetic abnormalities.
D) Your eggs will be tested for genetic abnormalities.

Question 65

Dr.White specializes in prenatal medicine and performs numerous amniocenteses each year.Which woman is Dr White most likely to recommend for an amniocentesis?

A) an Asian-Canadian woman
B) an African-Canadian woman
C) a woman older than age 35
D) a woman younger than age 20

Question 66

According to the Canadian Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, what is a published fact about cystic fibrosis?

A) It is the least common fatal hereditary disease among Canadians.
B) It results from an abnormality on the 20th pair of chromosomes.
C) It is a blood disorder common to those with an Eastern European background.
D) It affects approximately 1 in every 3,500 Canadians.

Question 67

What is the biggest risk of amniocentesis?

A) mental retardation in 1 of every 100 births
B) cesarean delivery in 1 of every 100 births
C) sterility in 1 of every 100 births
D) fetal loss in one half of one percentage of all pregnancies

Question 68

How does an ultrasound work?

A) It allows the human ear to hear the fetus.
B) It yields a picture called a "cat-scan."
C) It bounces sound waves off the fetus.
D) It uses X-ray photography to take a picture of the unborn child.

Question 69

Which procedure poses the least risk to the fetus?

A) an ultrasound
B) an amniocentesis
C) an alpha-fetoprotein assay
D) chorionic villus sampling

Question 70

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of hemophilia?

A) It affects only females.
B) It is carried by the father's recessive gene.
C) It is carried on the X chromosome.
D) It is caused by damage to the 14th chromosomal pair.

Question 71

What is the primary purpose of genetic counselling?

A) to outline the genetic risks of unprotected sex
B) to advise couples to abort their unborn children
C) to prove that a child will develop a certain illness
D) to assist would-be parents in making decisions about having children

Question 72

What does CVS stand for?

A) cervical villus sampling
B) cervical variability study
C) chorionic villus sampling
D) chorionic variability sampling

Question 73

Which type of disorder is colour blindness?

A) an enzyme disorder
B) a disorder found only in females
C) a protein-based disorder
D) a sex-linked disorder

Question 74

What technique generates a picture of the fetus?

A) a fetoscopy
B) an ultrasound
C) an amniocentesis
D) a chorionic villus sampling

Question 75

What can an ultrasound detect?

A) PKU
B) cystic fibrosis
C) Klinefelter syndrome
D) the position of the fetus

Question 76

Debbie was born with a disease that leaves her body unable to break down fats.Her doctors predict that she will NOT live beyond the age of 4 years.What disorder does Debbie have?

A) sickle-cell anemia
B) Down's syndrome.
C) Tay-Sachs disease
D) phenylketonuria

Question 77

You are 9 weeks pregnant and are concerned your baby may have a genetic defect.What medical procedure will most likely be recommended?

A) fetoscopy
B) ultrasound
C) amniocentesis
D) chorionic villus sampling

Question 78

What is used to detect neural tube defects such as spina bifida?

A) an ultrasound
B) an Rh disease test
C) genetic counselling
D) an alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) assay

Question 79

Why are sex-linked diseases more likely to affect sons of female carriers?

A) These diseases are carried on dominant genes.
B) These diseases are carried on the Y chromosome.
C) Females are at a diminished risk because they could inherit a XYY profile.
D) Males have only one X chromosome, which they inherit from their mothers.

Question 80

Which women are generally NOT encouraged to have amniocentesis?

A) women older than age 40
B) women carrying the children of aging fathers
C) women who have a family history of chromosomal or genetic disorders
D) women who are receiving fertility treatments