Deck 10: Personality: Theory and Measurement

Question 1

Sherry is thinking about her trip to the store yesterday. This memory is in her _______ mind.

A)preconscious
B)conscious
C)postconscious
D)unconscious

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which is an illustration of the defense mechanism "repression"?

A)Mary witnessed the death of her child but cannot remember it.
B)Mark wants to remember what he ate for lunch but is not sure whether it was tuna or hamburger.
C)Michael tells people he did not cheat in high school but knows it is unTrue.
D)Rachel thought about going to a party, but her mother forced her to stay home.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which theories emphasize unconscious motives and inner conflicts?

A)humanistic
B)existential
C)psychoanalytic
D)learning

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Priscilla is a psychologist. When she says that someone has a "personality," what is she referring to?

A)The person's lively and bubbly demeanor.
B)The person's tendency to act shyly in some situations and gregariously in other situations.
C)The person's stable pattern of emotions, motives, and behavior.
D)The person's behavioral characteristics that make them similar to their family members.

Question 5

Based on Freud's theory, a traumatic childhood event that was repressed is stored at the ___________ level.

A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)subconscious
D)unconscious

Question 6

According to Freud, the three levels of consciousness are

A)conscious, subconscious, and unconscious.
B)conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.
C)postconscious, conscious, and preconscious.
D)conscious, preconscious, and subconscious.

Question 7

Freud found that odd medical disorders, such as the loss of feeling in one's hand, often disappeared when individuals __________________.

A)were put under hypnosis
B)were persuaded to repress anxiety-evoking experiences
C)recalled and discussed stressful events
D)satisfied the needs of the id

Question 8

Anna has been in a car accident in which her best friend died. Six months later, she cannot even remember that the accident occurred. This event is probably in her __________ mind.

A)hyperconscious
B)subterfuge
C)unconscious
D)conscious

Question 9

Thoughts that are completely hidden from our awareness would, according to Freud, be contained in our __________ mind.

A)active
B)conscious
C)post-conscious
D)unconscious

Question 10

Freud said that the mind is composed of which three parts?

A)metaconscious, semi-conscious, catatonic
B)post-conscious, mid-conscious, lateral-conscious
C)metabolism, anabolism, catabolism
D)unconscious, preconscious, conscious

Question 11

The automatic ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas from awareness is

A)resistance.
B)psychoanalysis.
C)repression.
D)preconscious.

Question 12

According to Freud, drives such as _______ and ________ come into conflict with laws, social rules and moral codes.

A)the need for food; the need for shelter
B)sex; aggression
C)the need for intellectual stimulation; the need for superiority
D)aggression; the need for self-actualization

Question 13

According to the _______________ theories, the personality is characterized by a dynamic struggle or conflict.

A)trait
B)learning
C)psychodynamic
D)humanistic

Question 14

Sigmund Freud was the first to develop a __________ theory of personality.

A)behavioral
B)humanistic
C)psychodynamic
D)cognitive

Question 15

Freud's concept of the conscious is to _______________ as the unconscious is to _______________.

A)mystery; instincts
B)instincts; awareness
C)awareness; non-awareness
D)fears; awareness

Question 16

Which best illustrates the concept of the "preconscious mind"?

A)thoughts that are about the future
B)images that cannot be translated into words
C)thoughts that are out of awareness but can be made conscious
D)the entire "human iceberg" as described by Freud

Question 17

What is the removal of anxiety-provoking ideas from awareness called?

A)catalysis
B)reaction formation
C)repression
D)regression

Question 18

Freud concluded that the mind is like a(n) _______________.

A)iceberg
B)mountain
C)lake
D)stream

Question 19

Reasonably stable patterns of actions, feelings, and motives are referred to as

A)cognitions.
B)personality.
C)lability.
D)emotions.

Question 20

According to Freud, your telephone number is stored at the _________ level.

A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)subconscious
D)unconscious

Question 21

Which of the following represents the correct developmental sequence of Sigmund Freud's psychosexual stages of development?

A)oral, phallic, anal, genital, latency
B)anal, oral, phallic, latency, genital
C)phallic, oral, genital, latency, anal
D)oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Question 22

The psychic structure that incorporates the moral standards and values of parents and develops throughout early childhood is known as the

A)id.
B)superego.
C)reality principle.
D)ego.

Question 23

Which best demonstrates libido?

A)You are driven to spend money in excess.
B)You are driven to suicide.
C)You are driven to the supermarket.
D)You are driven to procreate.

Question 24

Casey says she feels bad because she broke her mother's vase. This feeling is most consistent with the

A)ego.
B)superego.
C)id.
D)positive regard.

Question 25

Frank tends to drive recklessly because he enjoys it. He has received several traffic tickets and has even been in car accidents. Freud would likely say that Frank's actions are based upon which psychic structure?

A)superego
B)martial ego
C)ego
D)id

Question 26

Which psychic structure is motivating behavior when you are on a diet but eat a piece of chocolate cake anyway?

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)none of these

Question 27

Which psychic structure motivates a hungry infant to suck his/her thumb while waiting for a bottle to be prepared?

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)none of these

Question 28

Eros is aimed at preserving

A)the status quo.
B)happiness.
C)life.
D)justice.

Question 29

Which is an example of a "psychic structure"?

A)ego
B)positive regard
C)acculturation
D)competencies

Question 30

Which is the best illustration of the superego?

A)You borrow a car so that you can learn to drive.
B)You feel guilty because you cheated on a test.
C)You want to eat right now.
D)You can't go to the movies because you lost your money.

Question 31

Excessive verbal behavior may be an indication of an

A)Oedipus complex.
B)anal fixation.
C)Electra complex.
D)oral fixation.

Question 32

Freudian psychoanalysis consists of talking about

A)whatever comes to mind when relaxed.
B)traumatic events only.
C)questions asked by the psychoanalyst.
D)rewards and punishments from childhood.

Question 33

Parental values are internalized through

A)identification.
B)mortification.
C)collaboration.
D)saturation.

Question 34

Which psychic structure is motivating behavior when you decide to stay home and study for a test, rather than go to a party you would really like to attend?

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)none of these

Question 35

Values of right and wrong are contained in your

A)ego.
B)superego.
C)superid.
D)id.

Question 36

Impulses and desires are kept from awareness primarily by the

A)superego.
B)ego.
C)hippocampus.
D)id.

Question 37

Which is consistent with the ego?

A)admiring your own reflection in the mirror
B)feeling guilty when you anger your father
C)wanting your neighbor's car because it looks better than your own
D)filling out an application for a desired job

Question 38

A fixation can occur during a psychosexual stage of development if there is

A)either too little or too much gratification.
B)a lack of libido energy.
C)too much eros.
D)none of these.

Question 39

Karissa meets with her therapist on a regular basis. During the sessions, she is prodded to talk about anything that pops into her mind while she remains comfortable and relaxed. Karissa is most likely experiencing

A)repression.
B)resistance.
C)psychoanalysis.
D)pleasure.

Question 40

When is the id first present?

A)birth
B)0-9 months
C)9-12 months
D)2 years

Question 41

Which best illustrates the concept of a defense mechanism?

A)Stacey learns karate.
B)Diane forgot to bring her textbook to class.
C)Laurie cannot remember being raped.
D)Michael always uses his car alarm.

Question 42

The Electra complex involves

A)a girl wanting to kill her father and possess her mother.
B)a boy wanting to kill his father and possess his mother.
C)a girl longing for her father and resenting her mother.
D)a boy longing for his father and resenting his mother.

Question 43

According to Freud, __________ causes boys who are about five years old to repress their sexual feelings.

A)the pressure from teachers at school
B)the fact that they are too young to have sexual feelings
C)the pressure of desiring their mother and being jealous of their father
D)breastfeeding

Question 44

Which of the following is the best illustration of an oral fixation?

A)carelessness
B)strong need for order
C)someone who smokes
D)Oedipus complex

Question 45

Who theorized that development is the transfer of libidinal energy from one erogenous zone to another?

A)Hermann Hess
B)Charles Darwin
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Hermann Rorschach

Question 46

Which best illustrates anal-retentive traits?

A)Elizabeth never cleans her room.
B)Joey plans to abstain from sex until he gets married.
C)Suzanne keeps neat records of her purchases.
D)Richard wants to take philosophy classes.

Question 47

The final stage of psychosexual development is the __________ stage.

A)phallic
B)oral
C)genital
D)latency

Question 48

Excessive hand washing may be an indication of an

A)Oedipus complex.
B)anal fixation.
C)Electra complex.
D)oral fixation.

Question 49

During the third year of life, children enter the __________ stage.

A)latency
B)oral
C)anal
D)phallic

Question 50

The Oedipus complex occurs during the __________ stage.

A)phallic
B)genital
C)oral
D)anal

Question 51

Elementary school children who separate and tend to play in groups of their own gender are demonstrating the _______ stage of psychosexual development.

A)anal
B)phallic
C)latency
D)genital

Question 52

Carla has been called "sadistic." This is a(n) __________ trait.

A)oral
B)phallic
C)anal-retentive
D)anal-expulsive

Question 53

Identification with the same sex parent leads to _______, according to Freud.

A)gender-typing
B)the latency stage
C)the Electra complex
D)the Oedipus complex

Question 54

Which best characterizes the anal stage of development?

A)deriving enjoyment from control or elimination of feces
B)excessive breast feeding
C)penis envy
D)race car driving

Question 55

Marisa is three months old and always chews her rattle. She is in the __________ stage.

A)anal
B)oral
C)phallic
D)latency

Question 56

Repression of sexual urges and identification with the same sex parent are the means for resolving the _______ stage of psychosexual development.

A)latency
B)phallic
C)anal
D)genital

Question 57

Which best illustrates a child in the phallic stage of psychosexual development?

A)Billy acts out to get his mother's attention whenever she is alone with his father.
B)Kelly seeks out strangers for sexual encounters.
C)Alan always goes shopping with his father.
D)Maria has not had conscious sexual desires for the past year.

Question 58

Fred is overweight and continually overeats. He abuses alcohol, smokes and bites his nails. Freud would theorize that these behaviors are likely the result of

A)an anal fixation.
B)regression to the phallic stage.
C)an oral fixation.
D)a failure to resolve the Oedipus conflict.

Question 59

The period from age five to six years through adolescence is called the __________ stage.

A)phallic
B)oral
C)genital
D)latency

Question 60

Which person best illustrates the concept of conflict during the anal stage?

A)Martin bites his nails.
B)Karen becomes extremely dependent upon her boyfriends.
C)Katie is sexually active.
D)Sean is excessively neat and clean.

Question 61

Erikson's theory emphasizes

A)social relationships.
B)rewards and punishment.
C)sexual development.
D)self-actualization.

Question 62

Mark was upset because he suffered from asthma, and he later decided to start lifting weights. This demonstrates which of the following?

A)collective unconscious
B)latency
C)drive for superiority
D)anal fixation

Question 63

Which of the following is the best example of a possible source of an inferiority complex?

A)Becky wanted her father to respect her.
B)Eric was much shorter than his peers.
C)Pam received the highest grade in the class.
D)David joined the army.

Question 64

Who developed analytical psychology?

A)Hans Eysenck
B)Robert Boyle
C)Gordon Allport
D)Carl Jung

Question 65

Your psychology professor argues that the nature of the mother-infant relationship and social relationships are more crucial determinants of personality than sexual urges. She additionally argues that we are conscious architects of our own personality. Your professor's views are closest to those of

A)Karen Horney.
B)Carl Jung.
C)Alfred Adler.
D)Erik Erikson.

Question 66

Which of the following represents an archetype, according to Jung?

A)the wise old man
B)the all-powerful God
C)a fairy godmother
D)all of these

Question 67

Unconscious images that influence our responses to cultural themes have been called

A)the ego.
B)cadavers.
C)reality testing.
D)archetypes.

Question 68

Individual psychology is the theory of

A)Sigmund Freud.
B)Raymond Cattell.
C)Alfred Adler.
D)John Watson.

Question 69

Adolescent girls might be attracted to boys who are similar to their fathers as a result of

A)puberty.
B)inexperience.
C)the incest taboo.
D)wanting to seem older.

Question 70

What is Carl Jung's psychoanalytic theory called?

A)analytical psychology
B)archetype psychology
C)psychosexual theory
D)none of these

Question 71

The difference between Jung's theory and Freud's theory is that Jung

A)didn't emphasize the sexual instincts.
B)was not a psychiatrist.
C)was not interested in the unconscious.
D)did not believe in archetypes.

Question 72

What is the collective unconscious of analytical psychology made up of?

A)repressed memories
B)primitive images
C)repressed impulses
D)the future generations

Question 73

Karen Horney's views differed from those of Sigmund Freud in that she believed

A)sexual impulses are less important than social relationships in childhood.
B)there are only four stages of sexual development.
C)women should remain at home and care for children.
D)young girls experience penis envy when they discover that boys have a penis.

Question 74

Brad's mother neglected him as an infant and did not show affection. As a result, he now has difficulty in his relationships with others. This most clearly supports

A)the sociocultural perspective.
B)psychosocial development theory.
C)psychosexual theory.
D)analytic psychology.

Question 75

Karen Horney believed that the view that girls feel inferior to boys was based on _________.

A)girls' inferiority complex
B)scientific evidence
C)the theory of psychosocial development
D)Western cultural prejudice

Question 76

Which of the following demonstrates the "creative self" as described by Adler?

A)Jim thinks about his past and falls into a deep depression.
B)Lauren responds to her unconscious motivations.
C)Greg fears he will never walk again after his car accident.
D)Diane knows she is not athletic but works hard to develop her intellect.

Question 77

According to Alfred Adler, it is the ______________, the self-aware aspect of personality, that strives to overcome obstacles and develop the person's potential.

A)collective unconscious
B)archetype
C)drive for superiority
D)creative self

Question 78

According to Erikson, the goal of adolescence is attainment of

A)surface traits.
B)sexual maturity.
C)osculation.
D)ego identity.

Question 79

According to Jung, primitive images contained in the collective unconscious are called

A)archetypes.
B)cultural images.
C)memory traces.
D)all of these.

Question 80

Carl Jung is to ______________ as Alfred Adler is to ______________.

A)archetypes; analytical psychology
B)collective unconscious; inferiority complex
C)creative self; archetypes
D)individual psychology; collective unconscious