Deck 6: Emotional Health and Well-Being

Question 1

The biopsychosocial model of health is also referred to as the

A)Holistic model of health.
B)Biological model of health.
C)Spiritual model of health.
D)Wellness model of health.

Answer 1

Holistic model of health.

Question 2

According to research conducted by Rabin, Cohen, Ganguli, Lyle and Cunnick (1989), one way that emotions affect our immune systems is through the _____ in our bodies.

A)Nerve fibers
B)Chemical receptors
C)Hormones
D)Muscles

Answer 2

Nerve fibers

Question 3

According to the opening story in Chapter 6, Angelita

A)Needed to reconnect spiritually with her home and culture.
B)Was diagnosed with clinical depression.
C)Suffered from a chronic illness.
D)Should have been prescribed an antidepressant medication to help alleviate her symptoms.

Answer 3

Needed to reconnect spiritually with her home and culture.

Question 4

_____ identified the microorganisms that cause anthrax and tuberculosis.

A)Robert Koch
B)Louis Pasteur
C)Marie Curie
D)John Guthrie

Question 5

Larry has a hearing impairment.According to the biomedical model of health, his hearing loss is considered a(n)

A)Minor issue.
B)Illness.
C)Short-term disability.
D)Easily treatable disease.

Question 6

Which of the following scientists pioneered the use of vaccines

A)Marie Curie
B)Robert Koch
C)Henry Campbell
D)Louis Pasteur

Question 7

The concept of positive psychology proposes that

A)Positive emotions and personality characteristics that contribute to healthy outcomes are often overlooked in psychology.
B)The omission of a "normal" healthy state prevents us from fully understanding health outcomes.
C)In order to fully understand health outcomes, both positive and negative factors must be considered.
D)All of the above

Question 8

Curanderismo is considered a _____ type of medicine.

A)Modern
B)Traditional
C)Physiological
D)Ecological

Question 9

Emotions can affect physiological well-being through one's

A)Immune systems and genetic makeup.
B)Genetic traits and personality characteristics.
C)Immune systems and behaviors.
D)Personality features and behaviors.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a model used in research and practice in the field of health psychology

A)Well-being model
B)Wellness model
C)Ecological model
D)Biomedical model

Question 11

Western medical approaches are often referred to as

A)Curanderismo.
B)Modern approaches.
C)Holistic approaches.
D)Traditional folklore.

Question 12

Which of the following is considered a sociological factor of health

A)Personal traits
B)Health behaviors
C)Emotional health
D)Community influences

Question 13

Illnesses that have underlying emotional or psychological causes are called

A)Curandero.
B)Biopsychosocial.
C)Folklore.
D)Psychosomatic.

Question 14

The biopsychosocial model of health was first proposed by

A)Koch.
B)Engel.
C)Jung.
D)Lazarus.

Question 15

Where is curanderismo likely to be practiced

A)England
B)United States
C)Latin American countries
D)Sweden

Question 16

Which of the following is a primary limitation of the biomedical model of health

A)It focuses on psychological rather than physiological determinants of health.
B)It focuses on spiritual and emotional determinants of health.
C)It focuses strictly on physiological determinants of illness.
D)It is too broad because it includes biological, psychological, and social determinants of health.

Question 17

The _____ model proposes that health is the absence of disease or dysfunction.

A)Wellness
B)Biomedical
C)Biopsychosocial
D)Ecological

Question 18

_____ suggested that many physical illnesses were linked to psychological causes.

A)Carl Jung
B)Louis Pasteur
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Albert Bandura

Question 19

How does the ecological model of health differ from the concept of well-being

A)Only the ecological model offers a holistic view of health.
B)The psychological functioning of a person is unimportant to the ecological model.
C)The concept of well-being includes policy determinants of health.
D)The ecological model includes physical environmental factors as well as health policies.

Question 20

_____ and _____ were two discoveries that led to the development of the biomedical model of health.

A)The relationship between microorganisms and disease; vaccines to protect against disease
B)Vaccines to protect against disease; the study of the relationships between bodily fluids and humors
C)The importance of spirituality; vaccines to protect against disease
D)None of the above

Question 21

The _____ model was the first to include psychological and social determinants as influential factors on health.

A)Biomedical
B)Biopsychosocial
C)Wellness
D)Social ecological

Question 22

Motor and sensory nerves comprise the

A)Peripheral nervous system (PNS).
B)Autonomic nervous system.
C)Parasympathetic nervous system.
D)Central nervous system (CNS).

Question 23

Dietary practices in many east Asian countries include

A)Foods high in starch.
B)Foods high in fiber and low in fat.
C)Processed foods.
D)Foods high in saturated fats.

Question 24

The _____ is responsible for mobilizing the body in frightening situations.

A)Parasympathetic nervous system
B)Autonomic nervous system
C)Somatic nervous system
D)Sympathetic nervous system

Question 25

Results of a 20-year longitudinal study (Walda et al., 2002) concluded that diets high in fruit and _____ decreased the incidences of death due to COPD.

A)Starch
B)Vitamin A
C)Monounsaturated oils
D)Vitamin E

Question 26

How does the wellness model differ from the biopsychosocial model

A)The wellness model includes quality of life and spirituality, whereas the biopsychosocial model does not.
B)The wellness model does not include spirituality, whereas the biopsychosocial model does.
C)The wellness model does not include social aspects related to health outcomes.
D)The wellness model and biopsychosocial model are the same models.

Question 27

The International Association on the Study of Obesity recommends at least _____ of daily exercise.

A)15 minutes
B)30 minutes
C)45 minutes
D)60 minutes

Question 28

A suppressed immune system means the body is

A)More likely to contract a disease.
B)Less likely to contract a disease.
C)Less susceptible to stress.
D)In a healthy state.

Question 29

Which type of nerve fiber is activated immediately after Bob touches a hot stove

A)Efferent
B)Afferent
C)Neurochemical
D)Axon

Question 30

Research conducted by Shultz et al.(2000) concluded that individuals with depressive symptoms were _____ more likely to die within 6 years than individuals with less depressive symptoms.

A)15%
B)25%
C)28%
D)32%

Question 31

Julia makes approximately $42,000 annually; therefore, she is in the _____ according to the socioeconomic categorization used by researchers.

A)Poor income level
B)Working class
C)Lower middle class
D)Upper middle class

Question 32

_____ are branch-like structures extending from the cell body that receive neurochemical messages from other cells.

A)Neurotransmitters
B)Axons
C)Dendrites
D)Fibers

Question 33

Cohen (2005) found that stress may influence the production of

A)Receptors.
B)Hormones.
C)Neurotransmitters.
D)None of the above

Question 34

The findings of Wachholtz's and Pargament's (2008) research on migraines concluded that _____ meditation techniques were much better than any other treatment approaches used in the study.

A)Spiritual
B)Internally-focused
C)Externally-focused
D)Muscle relaxation

Question 35

Which part of the body controls the automatic and involuntary functions essential for living

A)Autonomic nervous system
B)Parasympathetic nervous system
C)Neurotransmitter sites
D)Receptor sites

Question 36

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the correlation between depression and higher death rates

A)A depressed person may be more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors.
B)Depression may influence the production of epinephrine, thus suppressing the body's immune system.
C)Depressed individuals may be more likely to engage in substance abuse.
D)Depression may cause a significant increase in the hormone dopamine, which has been linked to higher death rates.

Question 37

One's decision to have knee replacement surgery on the basis of mobility and improved energy level rather than painful symptoms is a prime example of the _____ model of health.

A)Socioeconomic
B)Biopsychosocial
C)Wellness
D)Biomedical

Question 38

Which of the following is an example of socioeconomic class

A)Parent's level of education and occupation
B)Family's social status
C)Family's income
D)All of the above

Question 39

Which of the following is considered a stress hormone that helps suppress the body's immune system

A)Serotonin
B)Dopamine
C)Epinephrine
D)Estrogen

Question 40

Cohen et al.(1991) concluded that participants with a positive affect were _____ to develop a severe illness than participants with a negative outlook.

A)Less likely
B)More likely
C)Equally likely
D)None of the above

Question 41

Kawano's study (2008) concluded that nurses working in intensive care units had higher levels of _____ than other nurses.

A)Depression
B)Anxiety
C)Fatigue
D)Anger

Question 42

The social ecological model is unique from other models in that it includes

A)A holistic approach to behavioral change.
B)Spiritual beliefs.
C)Health systems and health policies.
D)Quality of life issues.

Question 43

Which of the following factors influences positive psychological states

A)Religion and religious faith
B)Interpersonal relationships
C)Socioeconomic status
D)All of the above

Question 44

Which of the following statements is TRUE with reference to positive psychology

A)It emphasizes the need for positive role models for healthy living.
B)It focuses strictly on positive influences of living.
C)It strives to minimize "negative" thinking to eliminate poor health outcomes.
D)It seeks to discover an optimal balance between "positive" and "negative" thinking.

Question 45

Of the character strengths most strongly correlated with life satisfaction, _____ involves approaching life with excitement and energy.

A)Creativity
B)Hope
C)Prudence
D)Zest

Question 46

Positive psychology builds on the _____ model of health.

A)Biopsychosocial
B)Holistic
C)Wellness
D)Integrationist

Question 47

Which of the following theorists was one of the pioneers of the concept of positive psychology

A)Adler
B)Bandura
C)Park
D)Seligman

Question 48

The work of Thomas Southward Smith and Sir Edwin Chadwick supports

A)The cognitive-affective model of health.
B)The notion that a holistic approach is the most effective means of assessing health outcomes.
C)The importance of spirituality in health outcomes.
D)The role of health policy as a determinant of health.

Question 49

According to the study on socioeconomic class and health conducted by Sir Edwin Chadwick, the _____ were the group with the highest adult mortality and infant death rates.

A)Wage/class workers
B)Tradesmen/shopkeepers
C)Gentry/professional
D)White collar workers

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a virtue of positive psychology

A)Spirituality
B)Courage
C)Humanity
D)Temperance

Question 51

Which of the following statements is TRUE with reference to spirituality and health outcomes

A)Individuals rarely incorporate spirituality into their healing traditions when using the biomedical model of health.
B)Many individuals combine spirituality with medical science to increase their chances of overcoming illness.
C)Spirituality is rarely used in Western cultures to overcome illness.
D)All of the above are true.

Question 52

Which of the following is the mission of positive psychology

A)To make normal people's lives more fulfilling and productive
B)To focus on the positive aspects of a person's life rather than the negative
C)To encourage healthy emotional and physical lifestyles
D)None of the above

Question 53

According to positive psychology, _____ virtues contribute to life satisfaction and a more meaningful life.

A)4
B)5
C)6
D)7

Question 54

Positive psychology is important to the field of health psychology because it facilitates a transition from the biopsychosocial model to the _____ model.

A)Social ecological
B)Wellness
C)Integrationist
D)Conventional

Question 55

Polly is very optimistic.According to the definition of "optimism," she

A)Believes situations and events will work out for the best.
B)Understands that life cannot be controlled, and therefore, she must be adaptable to change.
C)Focuses on negative events in her life.
D)Is a visual learner.

Question 56

Research conducted by Folkman and Greer (2002) found that cancer patients with a(n) _____ perspective, believed they could influence their situation and achieve a better outcome.

A)Pessimistic
B)Influential
C)Optimistic
D)Determined

Question 57

A universal virtue is one found

A)Predominantly in Western cultures.
B)In many cultures, religions and philosophical traditions.
C)Found in modernized societies.
D)In developed countries.

Question 58

According to the study conducted by Kawano (2008), nurses working in _____ units experienced higher levels of emotional distress than other nurses.

A)Specialty
B)Non-specialty
C)Pediatric
D)None of the above

Question 59

According to Seligman, the most effective way to prevent illnesses is to focus on the

A)Level of spirituality in one's life.
B)Positive goals of building competencies and the reinforcing factors that prevent negative events from occurring.
C)Positive and negative outcomes of health behaviors.
D)The reinforcing properties of negative and positive behaviors in order to effect change in one's health status.

Question 60

The ecological model identifies _____ types of environmental determinants on health.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 61

Why do many people use both Western and traditional types of medicine

A)They believe that each addresses different needs.
B)They are often confused about their illness and unsure which type of medicine would work best.
C)It is required practice in some countries.
D)Both types of medicine are one in the same.

Question 62

According to the report by Taylor et al.(2000), optimistic people have more

A)Financial success.
B)Social support.
C)Children.
D)All of the above

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT a component of traditional medicine

A)Spiritual techniques
B)Chemotherapy
C)Mineral-based medicines
D)Medicines derived from plants

Question 64

Most traditional medicines share the principle of

A)A belief in a connection between the individual, earth, and a life or energy force.
B)A belief in the biomedical model of health.
C)A belief in the importance of having children to carry on one's genetic forces.
D)A belief in the afterlife.

Question 65

Aspirin is a chemical equivalent of

A)Animal fats.
B)Tree sap.
C)Mineral supplements.
D)Ground willow bark.

Question 66

Approximately _____ of all modern medicines are made from plants first used by traditional healers.

A)18%
B)25%
C)35%
D)54%

Question 67

How many core beliefs comprise most traditional medicines

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 68

One of the criticisms of positive psychology is that

A)The concept does not include the effects of gratitude and forgiveness on health outcomes.
B)The concept does not apply to children.
C)Researchers disagree on the definition of "positive."
D)Some researchers argue that the "happiness" approach seems insubstantial.

Question 69

According to Chinese Traditional Medicine (CTM), health is optimal when

A)Yang exceeds yin.
B)Yin exceeds yang.
C)Yin and yang forces are in perfect balance.
D)The body is free of yin and yang forces.

Question 70

Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 elements of Chinese Traditional Medicine (CTM)

A)Air
B)Metal
C)Earth
D)Fire

Question 71

_____ is an Eastern philosophy where negative emotions are necessary for the full development of the individual.

A)Buddhism
B)Confucianism
C)Christianity
D)Hmong

Question 72

The concept of "sympathy" demonstrates how one word can have

A)Negative connotations.
B)Positive connotations.
C)Both positive and negative connotations.
D)An effect on health outcomes.

Question 73

One of the goals of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa was to

A)Help victims learn the truth about the murders of their loved ones.
B)Help educate South Africans about the HIV/AIDS virus.
C)Provide assistance with nutrition.
D)Assist with the relocation of apartheid victims.

Question 74

Which of the following countries typically uses traditional and Western medicine approaches to address individual health needs

A)China
B)Ghana
C)South Africa
D)All of the above

Question 75

The Yin organs are vital to

A)Initiating action.
B)Cause change.
C)Sustaining life.
D)Balance.

Question 76

Jolene most likely uses P57 as a

A)A type of pain relief.
B)Form of birth control.
C)Diet supplement to lose weight.
D)A method of curbing her nicotine cravings.

Question 77

Using smoke from lit herbs to cleanse negative energies around a person is called

A)Smudging.
B)Purging.
C)Lighting.
D)Balancing.

Question 78

_____ is a coping strategy that keeps disappointments and expectations in check.

A)Defensive pessimism
B)Pessimism
C)Optimism
D)Structural optimism

Question 79

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa is one example of the concept of

A)Quality of life.
B)Positive psychology.
C)Health outcomes in developed countries.
D)The wellness model of health.

Question 80

A _____ is an indigenous healer used in the South African health care system.

A)Curandero
B)Sangoma
C)Midwife
D)Nursing healer