Deck 8: HIV and AIDS

Question 1

One of the reasons the public began to accept that HIV was associated with high risk behaviors was due to

A)The understanding that the virus could not be transmitted among heterosexuals.
B)A decline in the number of people with the virus.
C)The fact that 3 sports celebrities were diagnosed with the virus.
D)The case of Ryan White.

Answer 1

The fact that 3 sports celebrities were diagnosed with the virus.

Question 2

Acquired immunity is to _____ as natural immunity is to _____.

A)Adaptive immunity; innate immunity
B)Innate immunity; antigenic immunity
C)Enhanced immunity; adaptive immunity
D)Lymphoid immunity; innate immunity

Answer 2

Adaptive immunity; innate immunity

Question 3

Germs that are not repelled by the first layer of skin will move on to the second layer of skin called the

A)Dermis.
B)Epidermis.
C)Keratin.
D)Epithelial.

Answer 3

Dermis.

Question 4

How does the HIV virus affect the human body

A)It eventually causes death by cardiac arrest.
B)It renders the central nervous system useless.
C)It causes a buildup of hemoglobin in the blood supply.
D)It attacks the body's immune system and renders it useless.

Question 5

The Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resource Emergency Act (RARE) provides financial support for

A)Health care and resources for people with HIV/AIDS.
B)Family members whose loved ones die of AIDS.
C)School systems to educate students about HIV/AIDS.
D)All of the above

Question 6

HIV is a _____ cause of death.

A)Latent
B)Proximal
C)Distal
D)None of the above

Question 7

Human skin is a part of the body's _____ immunity.

A)Systemic
B)Acquired
C)Adaptive
D)Natural

Question 8

Currently, the only proven method for controlling the spread of HIV/AIDS is by

A)Getting a vaccine to prevent susceptibility to the virus.
B)Changing high risk behaviors.
C)Learning all one can about the virus.
D)Avoiding travel to Haiti.

Question 9

Ryan White contracted the HIV/AIDS virus as a result of being born with

A)Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.
B)HIV.
C)Influenza.
D)Hemophilia.

Question 10

The epidermis of the skin is comprised of

A)Dermis.
B)Epithelial cells and keratin.
C)Keratin.
D)Sebaceous glands.

Question 11

The sebaceous glands are part of the

A)Epidermis.
B)Dermis.
C)Epithelial cells.
D)Keratin.

Question 12

Which of the following was NOT one of the groups initially associated with the HIV/AIDS virus

A)Homosexual women
B)Homosexual men
C)Intravenous drug users
D)Haitians

Question 13

One of the primary roles of health psychologists during the initial discovery of HIV/AIDS was to

A)Educate the public about the various causes of the virus.
B)Address the emotional and psychological health needs of those with the virus as well as those in their social networks.
C)Examine the best treatment methods for the virus.
D)Locate financial resources for building special hospitals for those with the virus.

Question 14

The full name of the HIV virus is

A)Human immune virus.
B)Human immunization virus.
C)Human immunodeficiency virus.
D)Human immunity virus.

Question 15

_____ are diseases that invade a weakened or defenseless body.

A)Opportunistic infections
B)AIDS infections
C)Adaptive viruses
D)Infectious agents

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 main characteristics of adaptive immunity

A)Diversity
B)Antigenic specificity
C)pH balance
D)Self/non-self process

Question 17

One of the diagnostic variables of HIV is that the white blood cell count falls below _____ cells per microliters of blood.

A)50
B)100
C)150
D)200

Question 18

Lymphocytes are found in the

A)Tonsils.
B)Lymph nodes.
C)Thymus.
D)All of the above

Question 19

Which of the following would NOT be considered a proximal cause of death for a person with HIV

A)AIDS
B)Pneumonia
C)The common cold
D)Cancer

Question 20

Gerald has been diagnosed with Karposi sarcoma.His doctor informs him that this is a type of

A)Diabetes.
B)Influenza.
C)Cancer.
D)Pneumonia.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding HIV

A)Women in heterosexual relationships are at greater risk of infection than men in heterosexual relationships.
B)Men in heterosexual relationships are at greater risk of infection than women in heterosexual relationships.
C)Men and women in heterosexual relationships are equally likely to be infected.
D)Men and women in heterosexual relationships are not at risk of HIV infection.

Question 22

Magic Johnson's announcement that he was HIV positive was important in part because

A)It helped women understand that they were at greater risk for HIV than men.
B)Society realized that HIV could be easily treated.
C)His announcement reinforced the fact that heterosexual males could contract the disease.
D)None of the above

Question 23

Ramon had the chicken pox vaccine as a child.If exposed to the virus in the future, _____ will ensure that his body "remembers" the virus in order to eliminate it quickly and efficiently and protect Ramon from developing the chicken pox.

A)Neurotransmitters
B)B cells
C)Antigenic specificity
D)Antigens

Question 24

Which of the following statements is TRUE in reference to T helper cytokines

A)They can help activate the B-memory cells.
B)They are known as the "killer" cells.
C)They help to slow the functions of the immune system.
D)They form in the bone marrow until they are mature.

Question 25

_____ are formed in the thymus.

A)B cells
B)Antigens
C)T lymphocytes
D)Epithelial cells

Question 26

There are _____ different types of T cells.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 27

Many scientists contend that HIV was most likely transmitted to humans from a type of

A)Bird.
B)Chimpanzee.
C)Mosquito.
D)Rat.

Question 28

T lymphocytes are comprised of all but the following cells:

A)T cytotoxis
B)T helper
C)T suppressor
D)T memory

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary routes through which HIV is transmitted

A)Mosquitos
B)Sexual intercourse
C)Parenteral transmission
D)Perinatal transmission

Question 30

HIV is a type of _____ virus.

A)DNA
B)RNA
C)T cell
D)Retro

Question 31

_____ measures the extent to which the body's cells are able to kill foreign organisms.

A)Cytotoxicity
B)Cell proliferation
C)Cell differentiation
D)Seroconversion

Question 32

DNA viruses are identified by the viral _____ code.

A)CD4
B)DNA
C)RNA
D)T

Question 33

One measure of the strength of the immune system is the number of _____ cells in the body.

A)A
B)B
C)CD4
D)L4

Question 34

An increase in _____ puzzled scientists before they were able to identify and name the HIV virus.

A)Prostate cancer
B)Pneumonia
C)Amoebic dysentery
D)Malaria

Question 35

Which type of cells function as warriors

A)B cells
B)T cells
C)R cells
D)L cells

Question 36

One of the earliest known incidences of HIV was reported in

A)1965.
B)1970.
C)1973.
D)1977.

Question 37

Roy is learning about the "human blueprint" in his biology class.What subject is his teacher most likely lecturing on

A)CD4 cells
B)DNA
C)T lymphocytes
D)Glycoproteins

Question 38

Another name for "blood-borne transmission" is

A)Heterosexual transmission
B)Antigen transmission
C)Perinatal transmission
D)Parenteral transmission.

Question 39

B cells are formed in the

A)Nerve fibers.
B)Muscles.
C)Sebaceous glands.
D)Bone marrow.

Question 40

Which of the following is a reason given by scientists for their inability to kill the HIV virus

A)They are unable to identify, isolate, and destroy HIV without killing other human cells necessary for survival.
B)They are unable to pinpoint the exact location of the T suppressor cells.
C)They are unable to destroy viral RNA without impacting the immunity cells.
D)All of the above

Question 41

Which of the following is a warning sign that the body's immune system is beginning to fail due to the HIV virus

A)Rapid weight loss
B)Dry cough
C)Prolonged swollen glands
D)All of the above

Question 42

HIV rates are on the rise in

A)Namibia.
B)Germany.
C)Swaziland.
D)Denmark.

Question 43

_____ are the total number of people infected with HIV.

A)HIV incidence rates
B)HIV demographics
C)HIV mortality rates
D)HIV prevalence rates

Question 44

Research on Haitians as a high-risk HIV group concluded that

A)The research was inaccurate and that Haitians were not a high-risk group.
B)Haitian males were most likely to contract the virus based on years of prevalence data.
C)Haitian females are most at risk of developing HIV.
D)None of the above

Question 45

The use of unsanitary needles is one example of _____ transmission.

A)Blood-borne
B)Antigen
C)Perinatal
D)Substance

Question 46

Between 1997 and 2006, HIV incidence rates were _____ in the U.S.

A)Overestimated
B)Underestimated
C)Accurately assessed
D)None of the above

Question 47

The dormant stage of HIV may last as long as _____ years.

A)2-4
B)4-6
C)6-8
D)8-10

Question 48

The process of a person transitioning from HIV to AIDS is called

A)Differentiation.
B)Seroconversion.
C)Asymptomatic.
D)Parenteral.

Question 49

Approximately 6-9 months after the onset of HIV, common symptoms include

A)Brittle fingernails.
B)Hair loss.
C)Frequent rashes.
D)Difficulty breathing.

Question 50

Research conducted by Tournoud et al.(2008) on South African infants found that

A)Infants were most likely to contract HIV if their mothers were under age 30.
B)A mother's low CD4 cell count and an infant's low birth weight were more likely predictors of HIV transmission than breastfeeding.
C)Complications at birth led to a higher incidence of HIV infection in infants.
D)Mother to child breastfeeding was the best indicator of an infant contracting the HIV virus.

Question 51

Research results of a study conducted by Grunbaum et al.(2002) concluded that African American adolescents

A)Were less likely to receive information about safer sexual practices than other ethnic groups.
B)Had the lowest rates of HIV infections than any other group.
C)Were more open to HIV education than any other group.
D)Were least likely to contract the HIV virus.

Question 52

As of 2006, minorities accounted for approximately _____ of all new AIDS cases in the U.S.

A)40%
B)50%
C)60%
D)70%

Question 53

Which of the following groups currently reports a decrease in HIV prevalence

A)Hemophiliacs
B)Intravenous drug users
C)Heterosexual males
D)Homosexual females

Question 54

HIV is the _____ leading cause of death for Latinos.

A)3rd
B)5th
C)6th
D)9th

Question 55

_____ was initially considered an epicenter of the HIV disease.

A)New York City
B)Los Angeles
C)Seattle
D)Miami

Question 56

Incidence rates of HIV are increasing at a faster rate for _____ than any other group.

A)Men
B)Women
C)The elderly
D)Children under age 10

Question 57

Leon's ethnic group reports the largest increase in HIV incidence rates; therefore, it is most likely that Leon is

A)Native American.
B)African American.
C)Hispanic.
D)Caucasian.

Question 58

One of the reasons the Working in Support of Education (WISE) program in the New York City public schools did not initially succeed was partly because

A)Students often skipped the classes where HIV was being discussed.
B)There were not enough financial resources to back the program.
C)Some teachers felt uncomfortable teaching the material.
D)Teachers refused to discuss HIV in the classroom.

Question 59

Approximately _____ of HIV positive people are asymptomatic.

A)15%
B)18%
C)20%
D)22%

Question 60

The peak of the HIV virus occurred in

A)1987.
B)1990.
C)1993.
D)2000.

Question 61

A person being tested with the ELISA test will have to wait approximately _____ for the results.

A)1 week
B)2 weeks
C)3 weeks
D)1 month

Question 62

The New York City Department of Education's 1992 attempt to educate students about HIV is an example of

A)A flawed health policy delivery system.
B)A successful health policy delivery system.
C)How ethnic barriers related to HIV can be successfully overcome.
D)How to implement a school-wide health care policy.

Question 63

Which region of the world is most seriously affected by HIV

A)Australia and New Zealand
B)Asia
C)Sub-Saharan Africa
D)Europe

Question 64

National health agencies recognize that one barrier to improving health outcomes for individuals with HIV is by

A)Funding more public awareness messages.
B)Educating the public about ethnic differences in HIV infection.
C)Providing access to life-prolonging and life-enhancing medications.
D)Educating the public about methods of transmission.

Question 65

The principal barrier of the rapid tests for HIV is

A)The time it takes to receive the results.
B)The availability of the test.
C)The cost of the test.
D)The accuracy level of the test.

Question 66

Loretta's physician has prescribed her antiretroviral drugs to

A)Help promote T cell production.
B)Slow the progression of HIV.
C)Offset the loss of vitamins and minerals she is missing due to HIV.
D)Vaccinate her against HIV.

Question 67

Approximately _____ of people who are tested for HIV with the ELISA test do not return for their results.

A)18%
B)22%
C)25%
D)30%

Question 68

_____ implemented an HIV/AIDS awareness and education campaign that involved a special product called "Clear Seven."

A)Thailand
B)England
C)Uganda
D)India

Question 69

Which of the following is a possible dual infection linked to HIV

A)Malaria
B)Cholera
C)Pneumonia
D)Karposi's Sarcoma

Question 70

A community-based or individual medical office is called a

A)Healthcare facility.
B)Primary care practice.
C)Home health agency.
D)Point-of-care facility.

Question 71

Researchers and physicians have discovered that _____ or more antiretroviral drugs combined can improve the health outcomes of HIV positive individuals.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 72

Many health providers recommend a follow-up test in _____ months if an initial test is negative.

A)4-6
B)6-8
C)8-10
D)10-12

Question 73

Condom distribution campaigns on college campuses are an example of a(n)

A)Government issued policy.
B)Social marketing campaign.
C)Healthcare policy.
D)Educational message system.

Question 74

One of the largest single contributors to the spread of HIV in Southeast Asia is

A)Homosexual sex.
B)Blood transfusions.
C)The sex trade industry.
D)Intravenous drug use.

Question 75

The Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is known as the

A)Immunity booster.
B)HIV vaccine.
C)Triple drug combination.
D)T cell inhibitor.

Question 76

The Gay Men's Health Crisis (GMHC) campaign has been most effective in

A)Decreasing the incidences of, and mortality rates due to, HIV/AIDS.
B)Educating gay men about the risks of certain sexual behaviors.
C)Raising finances to assist with treatment and research for HIV/AIDS.
D)Reaching out to young homosexual males and females.

Question 77

The function of the United Nations Joint Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) is to

A)Promote a global agenda to address individual, community, and health policy factors that contribute to the spread of HIV.
B)Create health policies for developing countries to curtail the spread of HIV.
C)Market HIV medications.
D)Disperse HIV medications to developing countries.

Question 78

The ELISA test was designed to

A)Detect the levels of CD4 cells in the body.
B)Identify the presence of HIV antibodies in the body.
C)Measure the number of T helper cells in the body.
D)Help the body produce T suppressor cells.

Question 79

A study conducted by Walters et al.(1993) indicated that adolescents

A)Are generally accurate about how many friends are engaging in high risk behaviors.
B)Often inflate the number of friends involved in high risk behaviors.
C)Are at lower risk for developing HIV than was previously thought.
D)All of the above

Question 80

Health insurance companies and _____ have been factors in determining a person's access to appropriate medical care for HIV.

A)Educational institutions
B)Religious institutions
C)Pharmaceutical companies
D)Government agencies