Deck 25: The Sixties

Question 1

Which of these statements is not true about Kennedy's "nation-building" plans?

A) Kennedy believed wholeheartedly in the doctrine of containment.
B) The Alliance of Progress provided $25 billion dollars to Latin American countries to strengthen their resistance against communism.
C) The Soviet Union responded to Kennedy's promotion of wealth for US allies by building the Berlin Wall in 1961.
D) Kennedy announced he was willing to wage preemptive strikes to prevent the march of communism.
E) Kennedy's two biggest concerns early in his presidency were Cuba and Korea.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

At the March on Washington in the summer of 1963,

A) SNCC leaders openly disputed with Martin Luther King, Jr. about the future direction of the civil rights movement.
B) Freedom Summer volunteers received medals of recognition for their work in the South.
C) King delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech.
D) James Meredith was one of the most anticipated speakers.
E) police responded with a "police riot."

Answer 2

C

Question 3

All of the following is true about the presidential election of 1960,except

A) The debates between Kennedy and Nixon were the first ever to be televised.
B) The 22nd Amendment, passed in 1951, prevented the very popular Eisenhower or any future president from a third term in office.
C) Eisenhower's support for Nixon was lukewarm at best.
D) Nixon had built his reputation as an aggressive anti-communist.
E) Kennedy defeated Nixon with a landslide majority of popular votes.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

All of the following is true about John F.Kennedy,except

A) He was known in the 1960s for his womanizing.
B) He was born into a very prosperous Boston Irish family.
C) He was a World War II hero.
D) He was a middle-of-the-road congressman and senator.
E) Kennedy was Catholic, at a time when Jews and Catholics were beginning to enter the American mainstream.

Question 5

The Civil Rights Act of 1964,advocated for by President Lyndon B.Johnson in the wake of John F.Kennedy's assassination

A) was the first civil rights act in the nation's history.
B) targeted the South and its segregationist policies.
C) outlawed discrimination in public facilities and employment based on race, sex, religion and national origin.
D) was authored and promoted by Martin Luther King, Jr.
E) None of these choices.

Question 6

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was designed to

A) abolish literacy tests as a means of qualifying to vote.
B) do away with poll taxes that had to be paid for a person to register to vote.
C) outlaw any attempts by whites to keep blacks from voting.
D) amend the flaws in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that was supposed to do away with such discrimination.
E) All of these choices.

Question 7

In his Great Society program,LBJ included all of the following except

A) new funding for higher education.
B) job training.
C) a school voucher system.
D) public housing projects.
E) medical care for the poor.

Question 8

Which southern city was sometimes referred to as "the most segregated city in America"?

A) Laurel, Mississippi
B) Little Rock, Arkansas
C) Montgomery, Alabama
D) Atlanta, Georgia
E) Birmingham, Alabama

Question 9

The Chicano Movement led by Caesar Chavez

A) led several boycotts against grape growers, but none were successful.
B) pushed for citizenship for undocumented immigrants who had worked in California for years.
C) initially targeted the lettuce growers' associations.
D) called for a national boycott of grapes, which resulted in higher wages and better living conditions for workers.
E) took hold during the 1950s but had no real successes until the 1960s.

Question 10

The Black Power movement

A) was led by Martin Luther King, Jr.
B) was an offshoot of the SCLC.
C) promoted black pride and black control over the social, educational and religious institutions in their communities.
D) advocated violence against all whites.
E) All of these choices.

Question 11

The main goal of those who participated in Freedom Summer was to

A) register blacks to vote in the South.
B) pay the poll taxes for blacks so that they could afford to vote.
C) call attention to the deplorable conditions in the segregated South.
D) let southern blacks know that there were white people in America who supported them in trying to gain their right to vote.
E) drum up support for the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Question 12

Johnson ran for election in 1964 advocating a "mandate for change," which he dubbed the

A) Great Society.
B) Fair Deal.
C) Struggle against Poverty.
D) War on Injustice.
E) Other America.

Question 13

The Tonkin Gulf Resolution gave President Johnson specific permission to

A) invade North Vietnam.
B) declare war on North Vietnam.
C) do whatever was necessary to take care of the situation in South Vietnam.
D) assist the South Vietnamese people in overthrowing their government and installing a new leader.
E) All of these choices.

Question 14

The Free Speech Movement,begun on the campus of the University of California,Berkeley is significant because

A) it garnered national media attention and fueled protests for greater academic freedom nationwide.
B) it led colleges to change their curricula to include Black Studies and Women's Studies.
C) it inspired political, civil rights and anti-war protests beyond the academy.
D) All of these choices.
E) None of these choices.

Question 15

A report put out by the Council of Economic Advisors in 1964 indicated that more than 22 percent of Americans

A) were homeless.
B) had volunteered for VISTA.
C) lived in poverty and lacked adequate food and shelter.
D) were in need of jobs.
E) lacked indoor plumbing.

Question 16

Thurgood Marshall was

A) head of the EEOC.
B) LBJ's Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
C) America's first "education Czar."
D) the author of the eye-opening book, The Other America.
E) the first African American Supreme Court justice.

Question 17

Which program was not developed through passage of the Economic Opportunity Act?

A) VISTA
B) Peace Corps
C) Work-training programs
D) Job Corps
E) Head Start

Question 18

What happened at My Lai?

A) U.S. troops finally fought back the Tet Offensive.
B) This was the point where the Ho-Chi-Minh trail led into Cambodia.
C) American soldiers killed at least 300 innocent civilians in this small village in the spring of 1968.
D) My Lai was the location of the prison for American pilots captured by the North Vietnamese.
E) My Lai suffered the worst Napalm attacks in the history of the war.

Question 19

The Twenty-fourth Amendment

A) declared complete equality of men and women.
B) limited U.S. presidents to two terms.
C) outlawed the poll tax in federal elections, which had been used to block blacks from voting.
D) reduced the voting age to 18.
E) abolished prohibition.

Question 20

John F.Kennedy's greatest disaster as president was

A) his handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis.
B) his visit to Berlin, Germany, just as the Berlin Wall was being constructed.
C) the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba.
D) his support for the CIA's plans to assassinate Fidel Castro.
E) his decision to send American ground troops to Vietnam, starting America down that long road to a failed war.

Question 21

Describe the escalation of the Vietnam War under President Lyndon B.Johnson.How and why did this escalation occur?

Question 22

What was the Tet Offensive? How significant was the operation in Vietnam to the military on the ground? How significant was it to Americans back home?

Question 23

Fannie Lou Hamer was one of the founders of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.

Question 24

In addition to massive new funding for education,health care,and welfare,Johnson called for stronger civil rights laws,the reform of immigration laws,and the creation of cultural programs.

Question 25

The 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago was marked by

A) Hubert Humphrey's rousing speech of acceptance.
B) the Chicago "police riot" against antiwar protesters on the third night of the convention.
C) the discussions and arguments over the party's official platform.
D) Johnson's withdrawal from the race immediately after his nomination.
E) the assassination of Robert Kennedy.

Question 26

Which of the following is not associated with the New Left?

A) The Port Huron Statement
B) Students for a Democratic Society
C) Efforts to end the war in Vietnam
D) An attack on the hypocrisies of America, including segregation and cold war suppression of basic rights and freedoms
E) Hippies, the Haight-Ashbury and Woodstock

Question 27

The significance of the Tet Offensive was that

A) American soldiers began to doubt, for the first time, that they could tell friend from foe well enough to be able to win the war.
B) American troops re-took all of the places seized by the Vietcong within a few weeks, showing the true measure of U.S. military strength.
C) it illustrated that the Americans and the South Vietnamese had learned to work together effectively.
D) many Americans, including prominent politicians, began to publicly state that America could not win the war in Vietnam.
E) the Vietcong won a great propaganda victory by taking about two dozen American soldiers captive.

Question 28

All of the following is true about the Black Panther Party,except

A) It was founded in Oakland, California, in 1966.
B) It drew from the teachings of nonviolent resistance of Mahatma Ghandi.
C) It believed that providing goods and services to the poor population in the black community would be central to a black revolution.
D) It developed free clothing and medical programs and provided thousands of poor children with a breakfast program.
E) Members patrolled the streets in armed groups to end police brutality.

Question 29

The Cuban Missile Crisis

A) brought the US and Soviet Union to the brink of nuclear war.
B) ended when Kennedy agreed to remove missiles from Cuba and the Soviet Union agreed to remove missiles from Turkey.
C) ended the Cold War.
D) was a U.S. attempt to seize control of Cuba from Fidel Castro.
E) caused the U.S. to escalate its testing of nuclear weapons.

Question 30

The first president to be involved with Vietnam was John F.Kennedy.

Question 31

In 1967,opposition to the war in Vietnam became more mainstream when

A) the media started to cover anti-war protests.
B) news from the Tet Offensive demonstrated that the war was unwinnable.
C) the release of the secret Pentagon Papers highlighted the many ways in which previous administrations had lied to the American people.
D) Senator William J. Fulbright of Arkansas, Chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, and Martin Luther King Jr. openly criticized the war.
E) Johnson himself began to voice doubts about the merit of the war.

Question 32

The revival of the women's movement in the 1960s is often identified with the publication of Betty Friedan's book

A) The Problem with No Name.
B) Equality NOW.
C) Fear of Flying.
D) From Mothers to Daughters.
E) The Feminine Mystique.

Question 33

Describe the divisiveness and widely varying attitudes that had developed in America by the end of the 1960s.What events were most significant in bringing about this change?

Question 34

The Pentagon Papers

A) showed that Nixon had no idea how to handle the war in Vietnam.
B) proved that Nixon lied when he promised during the 1972 presidential campaign that he would get America out of Vietnam.
C) showed that the government had lied to the public over major events in the Vietnam War to manipulate public opinion.
D) proved that massive numbers of civilians were murdered or abused by U.S. soldiers.
E) uncovered illegal campaign activities by Nixon and his staff.

Question 35

Describe the actions of African Americans and whites who campaigned for civil rights in America during the first half of the 1960s.How supportive was the federal government? The state governments? Local governments in the South?

Question 36

The growth of America's counterculture showed that many young people,besides condemning the Vietnam War,also

A) simply enjoyed the hippie lifestyle.
B) were eager to rebel against the strict attitudes of their parents.
C) rejected traditional American politics, social values, and the cut-throat world of business.
D) joined like-minded groups for the plentiful drugs and sex.
E) took a stand on immigration issues.

Question 37

Evaluate the leadership of Malcolm X in the civil rights movement.What was so different about his approach compared to that of Martin Luther King,Jr.?

Question 38

President John F.Kennedy personified the "cold warrior." Provide examples that show his growing confidence in his foreign policy dealings.

Question 39

The most vocal person to break with the traditional civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King,Jr.,was

A) Jack Weinberg.
B) Muhammed Elijah.
C) Stokely Carmichael.
D) Forrest Gump.
E) Malcolm X.

Question 40

Which of these two groups,women in America and Chicanos working in the fields of California,scored the greatest successes during the 1960s? Give examples from each group's experiences that support your answer.

Question 41

President Kennedy embraced the concept of "nation building," which meant that he wanted to help developing nations reach their full potential.The program associated with this concept was the Alliance of Progress.

Question 42

The first African Americans to deliberately challenge segregation in public restaurants and eating facilities were four young men who sat in at Woolworth's lunch counter in the city of Atlanta,Georgia.

Question 43

When James Meredith sought to enroll as the first African American student in the history of the University of Mississippi,he was met with such strong resistance that President Kennedy had to send in federal troops to assure his safety.

Question 44

The summer of 1965 was a tortured one in America,due to riots across the country that erupted after the Watts Riots in Los Angeles.

Question 45

The main Vietcong supply line was the Ho Chi Minh Trail,which meandered through North Vietnam,Laos,and Cambodia.

Question 46

President Johnson decided not to seek reelection in 1968 because the stress of his job had already led to one heart attack,and he did not want to suffer another,perhaps fatal one.

Question 47

The first use of teach-ins during the 1960s was to inform the public about the evils of drugs.