Deck 8: Biodiversity 1: Microscopic Organisms

Question 1

Which statement is true regarding bacteria?

A)All pathogenic bacteria are harmful to humans.
B)Most pathogenic bacteria are harmful to humans.
C)Most pathogenic bacteria are helpful to humans.
D)All pathogenic bacteria are helpful to humans.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Food poisoning is often caused by a bacterium called ________.

A)Salmonella
B)Staph
C)MRSA
D)Bacillus anthracis

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What is the vector of Lyme disease?

A)Rats
B)Cattle
C)Fleas
D)Ticks

Answer 3

D

Question 4

If you looked at unknown cells under a microscope,what could lead you to correctly conclude that they are bacteria cells?

A)They appear to have a cell wall.
B)They lack a nucleus.
C)They are oblong.
D)They form a colony.

Question 5

Which organisms are called the extremophiles and flourish in extreme conditions?

A)Protozoans
B)Archaea
C)Bacteria
D)Fungi

Question 6

Many of the organic molecules associated with life can be created spontaneously under certain conditions.What do these conditions resemble?

A)Earth's core
B)Primordial Earth
C)The sun
D)A comet

Question 7

Which protective structure forms to protect certain bacteria during periods of harsh conditions?

A)Cell wall
B)Biofilm
C)Endospore
D)Capsule

Question 8

Where would you expect to find methanogens?

A)Near a volcano
B)In the surf along the beach
C)On the surface of plants
D)In the digestive tract of cows

Question 9

What is the strategy used by many prokaryotes for obtaining their energy and their molecular building blocks directly from inorganic chemicals?

A)Chemosynthetic
B)Photosynthetic
C)Parasitic
D)Carnivory

Question 10

Plants are in the domain ________.

A)Prokarya
B)Plantae
C)Archaea
D)Eukarya

Question 11

What do scientists believe was the original genetic material able to copy itself without assistance?

A)DNA
B)RNA
C)Proteins
D)Enzymes

Question 12

Why is the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen (N₂ gas)into ammonium (NH₄)important for life on this planet?

A)Ammonium is an important cleaning agent.
B)Nitrogen gas is toxic.
C)Ammonium is a plant nutrient.
D)Nitrogen gas leads to global warming.

Question 13

Halophiles are found in which environment?

A)Anoxic
B)Hot
C)Salty
D)Dry

Question 14

The practice of using bacteria to remove pollutants from the environment is called ________.

A)nitrogen fixation
B)bioremediaton
C)bioelimination
D)transduction

Question 15

Some bacteria have a spherical shape,called ________.

A)coccus
B)bacillus
C)spirillum
D)spheroid

Question 16

Which are the smallest,least complex cell types?

A)Animal cells
B)Bacteria cells
C)Plant cells
D)Fungal cells

Question 17

The origin of the first living organisms is called ________.

A)chemo-evolution
B)novel design
C)biogenesis
D)cytosynthesis

Question 18

Which was first on the planet,prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

A)Eukaryotes
B)Prokaryotes
C)They both appear in the fossil record at about the same time.
D)It is unknown.

Question 19

Which was not a gas in Earth's earliest atmosphere?

A)O₂
B)CH₄
C)NH₃
D)H₂

Question 20

By what means do bacterial cells typically divide?

A)Binary fission
B)Mitosis
C)Meiosis
D)Regeneration

Question 21

Which organelle could you remove and the cell would still survive?

A)Nucleus
B)Golgi apparatus
C)Mitochondria
D)All organelles are required for the survival of the cell.

Question 22

When a plant cell divides,how would you expect its chloroplasts to divide?

A)Mitosis
B)Meiosis
C)Binary fission
D)Endosymbiosis

Question 23

What do the nucleus and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum have in common?

A)They both detoxify chemical toxins.
B)They both synthesize lipids.
C)They both contain DNA.
D)Their membranes are interconnected.

Question 24

By what means do the amoebas move?

A)Flagella
B)Cilia
C)Pseudopodia
D)Amoebas do not move,they are anchored to the substrate.

Question 25

Which of the terrestrial unicellular protists is an enormous cell with multiple nuclei?

A)Slime molds
B)Algae
C)Amoeba
D)Protozoans

Question 26

Which is not a method of introducing new genes into a bacterium?

A)Transformation
B)Transduction
C)Binary fission
D)Conjugation

Question 27

Which organelle can survive outside of the cells?

A)Nucleus
B)Golgi apparatus
C)Mitochondria
D)No organelles can survive outside the cell.

Question 28

Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?

A)Nucleus
B)Golgi apparatus
C)Mitochondria
D)Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 29

Which of the following is a form of reproduction in bacteria?

A)Transformation
B)Transduction
C)Neither of these
D)Both of these

Question 30

There are more helpful types of bacteria on this planet than harmful types.

A)True
B)False,there are more harmful types.
C)False,there are about as many helpful as harmful bacteria.
D)False,bacteria have neither a positive nor a negative impact on human society.

Question 31

Approximately when did the earth's crust solidify?

A)8 billion years ago
B)4 billion years ago
C)2 billion years ago
D)1 billion years ago

Question 32

What might be the advantage to a cell if it assimilated an ingested photosynthetic bacterium rather than digesting it?

A)It could now utilize hydrogen sulfide as an energy source.
B)It could now use sunlight to make its food.
C)It could now live in an oxygen-free environment.
D)It could now use glucose as an energy source.

Question 33

Which version of "bacterial DNA transfer" involves a physical connection between the two bacteria cells?

A)Transformation
B)Transduction
C)Binary fission
D)Conjugation

Question 34

Viruses that infect bacteria are called ________.

A)phages
B)plasmids
C)viroids
D)vectors

Question 35

What do the nucleus and mitochondria have in common?

A)They both assemble proteins.
B)They both make ATP.
C)They both contain DNA.
D)Their membranes are interconnected.

Question 36

What makes an organism truly multicellular?

A)When it forms a colony
B)When different cells in the colony become specialized
C)When the colony makes gametes
D)When the colony makes other colonies

Question 37

Which protist group includes members with plantlike traits such as chloroplasts and multicellularity?

A)Slime molds
B)Algae
C)Amoebas
D)None of the protists have chloroplasts.

Question 38

What is the leading scientific theory on how the first nuclear membrane originated?

A)From the inward folding of the plasma membrane
B)From engulfing prokaryotic cells
C)From engulfing eukaryotic cells
D)From the spontaneous coalescence of phospholipids

Question 39

Are all bacteria in a colony genetically identical?

A)No,some bacteria reproduce sexually and create novel offspring.
B)No,there are ways for bacteria to acquire new genetic material.
C)Yes,bacteria can only reproduce asexually.
D)Yes,bacteria can only reproduce by binary fission.

Question 40

When did the first eukaryotic cell form?

A)About a billion years after the first prokaryotic cell was formed
B)About the same time as the first prokaryotic cell was formed
C)About a billion years before the first prokaryotic cell was formed
D)There is no evidence to suggest when the eukaryotic cells formed in relationship to prokaryotic cells.

Question 41

While most biologists do not consider viruses to be alive,viruses do share some characteristics with living things.Which of the following is a required trait for life that viruses share with living things?

A)The ability to reproduce on their own
B)The ability to maintain homeostasis
C)Having a cell
D)Having highly ordered structure

Question 42

Describe all the possible forms of nucleic acids found in viruses.

Question 43

Medicine that prevents viral infections is a(n)________.

A)antibody
B)antibiotic
C)vaccine
D)prion

Question 44

The "protists" are grouped together simply for convenience.Why are they not considered to be in a specific taxon like a kingdom or a phylum?

Question 45

An infectious circular piece of RNA is the ________.

A)virus
B)prion
C)viroid
D)capsid

Question 46

Which specific cells are infected by the HIV virus?

A)Killer B cells
B)Helper T cells
C)Red blood cells
D)NK cells

Question 47

Why is there no cure for prion-related diseases?

Question 48

Which viral life cycle would result in a quicker death for an infected cell?

A)Lytic cycle
B)Prophage cycle
C)Retroviral cycle
D)Lysogenic cycle

Question 49

A degenerative brain disorder transmitted by cannibalism is called ________.

A)kuru
B)scrapie
C)Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
D)herpes

Question 50

HIV,the virus that causes AIDS in humans,does not infect other animals,but only certain cells in the human body.Why?

Question 51

Why could prokaryotes survive without eukaryotes but eukaryotes could not survive without prokaryotes?

Question 52

Where would you find the double-stranded HIV DNA in an infected cell?

A)Incorporated directly into the host cell's chromosome
B)As a separate plasmid in the host cell's nucleus
C)In a vesicle in the cytoplasm
D)There is no HIV form of DNA.It exists only as RNA which makes viral proteins directly.

Question 53

The misshapen version of a protein that causes properly folded proteins to misfold is the ________.

A)virus
B)prion
C)viroid
D)capsid

Question 54

How does AZT fight AIDS?

A)It blocks the virus from entering the cell.
B)It targets the virus for destruction.
C)It blocks the enzyme that converts viral RNA to DNA.
D)It blocks the enzyme that assembles all of the parts into new viruses.

Question 55

Which of the following do not get infected by viruses?

A)Animals
B)Plants
C)Bacteria
D)All of these can be infected by viruses.

Question 56

Which of the following infects only plants?

A)Virus
B)Prion
C)Viroid
D)Capsid

Question 57

Which began first?

A)Multicellular life in the ocean
B)Multicellular life in fresh water
C)Plants colonizing the land
D)Animals colonizing the land