Deck 3: The Cell: The Fundamental Unit of Life

Question 1

What is the role of carbohydrates in the plasma membrane?

A)Energy storage
B)Structural integrity
C)Identification
D)There are no carbohydrates associated with the plasma membrane.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Where in the cell would you find the cytosol?

A)In the cytoplasm
B)In the plasma membrane
C)In the transmembrane proteins
D)On the peripheral proteins

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which structure selectively regulates the transport of substances into and out of a plant cell?

A)The plasma membrane
B)The cell wall
C)The nucleus
D)The chloroplast

Answer 3

A

Question 4

If a cell had a damaged central vacuole,it would have difficulty performing what function?

A)Storing water
B)Converting light energy into food molecules
C)Converting food energy into cellular energy
D)Assembling lipids

Question 5

What is the role of the nuclear membrane?

A)Is the site of protein manufacturing
B)Regulates transport of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
C)Harvests energy from food molecules
D)Regulates transport of substances into and out of the cell

Question 6

What makes the "head" of a phospholipid hydrophilic?

A)The even distribution of electrons across the fatty acids makes the head polar.
B)The uneven distribution of electrons across the fatty acids makes the head polar.
C)The phosphate group carries a negative charge,making the head polar.
D)The phosphate group carries a negative charge,making the head nonpolar.

Question 7

Which organelle functions to break down and recycle large molecules?

A)Ribosome
B)Golgi apparatus
C)Lysosome
D)Chloroplast

Question 8

Which cellular structure is unique to plant cells?

A)Ribosome
B)Flagellum
C)Capsule
D)None of these

Question 9

If you were looking at a cell under a powerful microscope,what would tell you that it is a eukaryotic cell?

A)It has a cell membrane.
B)It has DNA.
C)It has plasmids.
D)It is moving.

Question 10

Were there any eukaryotic cells on Earth 1.5 billion years ago?

A)Yes,they first appear in the fossil record around 3.5 billion years ago.
B)Yes,they first appear in the fossil record around 2 billion years ago.
C)No,they do not appear in the fossil record until around 1 billion million years ago.
D)No,they do not appear in the fossil record until around 500 million years ago.

Question 11

Select the image that is representative of an idealized plant cell.

A)
B)
C)

Question 12

Movement down a concentration gradient means that the substance is moving ________.

A)from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
B)from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
C)from areas of either high or low concentration to an area of equal concentration
D)from an area of equal concentration to an area of high concentration

Question 13

Which structure is common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A)Nucleus
B)Ribosomes
C)Chloroplasts
D)Mitochondria

Question 14

Plant cells,fungal cells,and even bacterial cells have a cell wall.What is the primary difference between these similar structures?

A)They are made of different materials.
B)They perform different functions.
C)They are found in different portions of the cell.
D)There is no difference; they are fundamentally identical.

Question 15

Which cellular structure is unique to prokaryotic organisms?

A)Ribosome
B)Flagellum
C)Pili
D)None of these

Question 16

Identify the prokaryotic organism.

A)Fungus
B)Bacteria
C)Animal
D)Plant

Question 17

The passive transport of water is specifically called ________.

A)simple diffusion.
B)facilitated diffusion.
C)hydrosmosis.
D)osmosis.

Question 18

Which type of cell,if any,does not have a plasma membrane?

A)Bacteria
B)Plant
C)Animal
D)Bacteria,plant,and animal cells all have a plasma membrane.

Question 19

How many layers of phospholipids make up the plasma membrane?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 20

Select the cellular structure that can be found in both plant and animal cells.

A)Chloroplast
B)Mitochondria
C)Cell wall
D)Centriole

Question 21

Which form of transport requires the expenditure of energy?

A)Facilitated diffusion
B)Active transport
C)Passive transport
D)Osmosis

Question 22

The nucleus is a large ________.

A)organelle
B)plastid
C)plasmid
D)vacuole

Question 23

What passes through the nuclear pores?

A)RNA
B)DNA
C)DNA and RNA
D)None of these

Question 24

What is the role of the histone proteins of the chromatin?

A)Contains the instructions for how to build a protein
B)Acts as a spool around which the DNA is wrapped
C)Assembles the ribosome subunits
D)Maintains the structural integrity of the nuclear membrane

Question 25

What information is used to assemble the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide?

A)Base sequence of mRNA
B)Base sequence of rRNA
C)Base sequence of tRNA
D)Base sequence of the histone protein

Question 26

Substances are often packaged into small ________ for transport,either through the membrane or throughout the interior of the cell.

A)vacuoles
B)corpuscles
C)vesicles
D)organelles

Question 27

What is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in protein production?

A)Assembles the amino acid chain
B)Folds the protein into the correct shape
C)Packages the protein for transport to other parts of the cell and/or body
D)Has no direct role in protein production

Question 28

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Transcription occurs in the nucleus,and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
B)Transcription occurs in the nucleolus,and translation occurs in the nucleus.
C)Transcription and translation both occur in the nucleus.
D)Transcription and translation both occur in the cytoplasm.

Question 29

What does the lowercase "r" in rRNA stand for?

A)Ribose
B)Replacement
C)Ribosomal
D)Reticulum

Question 30

Which would most likely pass unaided through a plasma membrane?

A)Something small and nonpolar,like nitrogen gas
B)Something small and dipolar,like a water molecule
C)Something small and charged,like an ion
D)Something large,like a glucose molecule

Question 31

Where is the completed ribosome assembled?

A)In the cytoplasm
B)In the endoplasmic reticulum
C)In the nucleolus
D)In the nucleus

Question 32

Although exceptions probably exist for practically every rule of biology,which of the following statements is typically false?

A)DNA is double stranded,whereas RNA is single stranded.
B)DNA contains the same nucleotides as RNA.
C)DNA to RNA is called transcription.
D)RNA to protein is called translation.

Question 33

Which bag should weigh approximately the same at the end of the experiment as it did at the beginning of the experiment?

A)Bag 1
B)Bag 2
C)Bag 3
D)Bag 4

Question 34

Ribosomes are directly associated with which process?

A)Transcription
B)Translocation
C)Translation
D)Transference

Question 35

How is the nuclear membrane different from the plasma membrane?

A)The nuclear membrane is completely sealed,whereas the plasma membrane is not.
B)The nuclear membrane is chemically active,whereas the plasma membrane is not.
C)The nuclear membrane has two phospholipid bilayers,whereas the plasma membrane has one.
D)The nuclear membrane has no structural proteins,whereas the plasma membrane has structural proteins.

Question 36

Which of the following is not located in the nucleus?

A)Chromosomes
B)Nucleolus
C)DNA
D)Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 37

What is the definition of endocytosis?

A)The entire plasma membrane turns itself inside out.
B)It is the digestion of larger molecules that were brought into the cell.
C)It is the bulk transport of materials into the cell.
D)It is the transport of a substance into the cell coupled with the transport of a substance out of the cell.

Question 38

Which bag is expected to be the heaviest at the end of the experiment?

A)Bag 1
B)Bag 2
C)Bag 3
D)Bag 4

Question 39

Your red blood cells behave in a similar manner as the bags in this experiment.What might happen to your red blood cells if you were suddenly unable to regulate the solute concentration of your blood and it began to rise?

A)Your blood cells would stay the same size but could no longer carry oxygen.
B)Your blood cells would stay the same size but could no longer release the oxygen they carry.
C)Your blood cells would enlarge and may rupture.
D)Your blood cells would shrivel.

Question 40

When would the chromatin be the most tightly coiled?

A)During protein synthesis
B)During cellular respiration
C)During photosynthesis
D)During cellular division

Question 41

The cytoskeleton has several primary functions.The first and most obvious is it acts as an interior skeleton that supports the rest of the cell.What is another function of the cytoskeleton?

A)It provides a communication network where chemo-electrical signals can be sent from one area of the cell to another.
B)It creates a durable outer covering to increase the strength and rigidity of the cell.
C)It provides a series of tracks along which vesicles can move throughout the cell.
D)It connects one cell to another.

Question 42

Numerous short extensions of the cell that function for movement,either of the cell through its environment or the environment past a stationary cell,are called ________.

A)vesicles
B)flagella
C)pili
D)cilia

Question 43

Some proteins are small and simple while others are large and complex.Where are the large and complex proteins assembled?

A)In the cytoplasm
B)In the rough endoplasmic reticulum
C)In the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D)In the Golgi apparatus

Question 44

Chloroplasts and mitochondria share something with the nucleus that the other organelles do not.What is this shared function or component?

A)They are the only organelles wrapped in a lipid-based membrane.
B)They are the only organelles that produce ATP.
C)They are the only organelles that contain DNA.
D)They are the only organelles not found in bacteria.

Question 45

What harvests energy from sunlight to rearrange molecules into sugar?

A)Chloroplasts
B)Mitochondria
C)Nucleus
D)Lysosome

Question 46

Some proteins are small and simple while others are large and complex.Where are the small and simple proteins assembled?

A)In the cytoplasm
B)In the rough endoplasmic reticulum
C)In the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D)In the Golgi apparatus

Question 47

Which reaction represents cellular respiration?

A)Sugar + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + ATP
B)CO₂ + H₂O + ATP → Sugar + O₂
C)O₂ + CO₂ → Sugar + H₂O + ATP
D)H₂O + ATP → CO₂ + Sugar

Question 48

It is sometimes jokingly said that you could study for your biology test by placing your textbook under your pillow at night and thereby learn by osmosis as the knowledge would flow from the book to your brain while you slept.Aside from the obvious absurdity of this claim,what is wrong with the use of the word "osmosis" in this context? How might you lose knowledge (if knowledge could actually flow along a concentration gradient between a book and a brain)if you tried this technique?

Question 49

Final protein refinements,storage,and packaging occurs ________.

A)in the cytoplasm.
B)in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
C)in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
D)in the Golgi apparatus.

Question 50

What is the role of the contractile vacuole in a protist?

A)Cell division
B)Movement of the flagellum
C)Water storage
D)Excess water removal

Question 51

Describe the internal organization of a chloroplast.Be sure to list any chloroplast components covered in Chapter 3.

Question 52

What harvests energy from food molecules to make ATP?

A)Chloroplasts
B)Mitochondria
C)Nucleus
D)Lysosome

Question 53

Vitamin C is required to produce collagen.What is collagen and what would be the symptoms of a vitamin C deficiency?

Question 54

What evidence would support the hypothesis that larger cells evolved in part by engulfing other,smaller cells.

Question 55

Why do bacteria have ribosomes?

Question 56

What is ATP?

A)A protein
B)A carbohydrate
C)An energy molecule
D)An information storage molecule

Question 57

The bacteria that cause tooth decay have a capsule.What does this tell you about the relative effectiveness of a toothbrush with stiff bristles and one with soft bristles?