Deck 4: Energy and Life

Question 1

How does CO₂ enter a plant?

A)Through the roots
B)Through the stomata
C)Through the stroma
D)Through the grana

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is the role of mitochondria in plants?

A)Produce ATP
B)Photosynthesis
C)Produce sugars
D)None,as plants do not have mitochondria

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Predict what would happen as the entropy of a system approached 100%.

A)All motion would stop.
B)Randomness would become maximized.
C)Order would become maximized.
D)Heat would decrease.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Select the ultimate source of energy for nearly every organism on this planet.

A)Plants
B)Heat
C)The sun
D)Sugar

Question 5

Select the term which best defines the movement of an object against an opposing force.

A)Work
B)Play
C)Energy
D)Entropy

Question 6

In a recent newspaper article promoting the eating of seaweed and seaweed products,the argument was made that doing so was a more efficient use of energy than eating animals.Why would eating seaweed be more energy efficient than eating an animal?

A)The energy found in animal matter represents a fraction of the energy found in the plant matter eaten by the animal.It would be better to just eat the plant and skip a step.
B)The conversion of plant matter to animal matter produces less waste than converting animal material to animal material.
C)Plant matter contains more energy per unit volume than does animal matter.
D)Plant matter contains more energy per unit weight than does animal matter.

Question 7

Identify the principal role of cellular respiration.

A)To convert solar energy into the chemical energy of sugars
B)To convert kinetic energy into the chemical energy of sugars
C)To convert the chemical energy of sugars into the chemical energy that fuels life's processes
D)To convert the chemical energy of sugars into heat to maintain an elevated body temperature

Question 8

Choose the best explanation as to why both consumers and producers perform cellular respiration.

A)Although they may obtain their sugars in different ways,both consumers and producers rely on cellular respiration to make ATP.
B)Both consumers and producers perform cellular respiration to produce the sugars that will be "burned" to fuel the energy of life.
C)Both consumers and producers perform cellular respiration to produce the oxygen necessary to sustain life.
D)Both consumers and producers perform cellular respiration to produce the heat necessary to sustain life.

Question 9

Which group includes photosynthetic members?

A)Protists
B)Bacteria
C)Plants
D)All of these

Question 10

What is the role of chloroplasts in animals?

A)Produce ATP
B)Photosynthesis
C)Produce sugars
D)None,as animals do not have chloroplasts

Question 11

Which of the following is a waste product of photosynthesis?

A)CO₂
B)H₂O
C)O₂
D)All of these

Question 12

What is the definition of energy?

A)The capacity to do work
B)The movement of an object
C)Particles moving in waves through a system
D)The amount of order in a system

Question 13

Heat is classified as ________.

A)a highly ordered form of energy
B)a highly disordered form of energy
C)the form of energy that fuels life's processes
D)the ultimate source of potential energy

Question 14

Which of the following statements about heat is false?

A)It can be a measurement of the inefficiency of an energy conversion.
B)It is a form of kinetic energy.
C)It is a highly organized form of energy.
D)It increases the amount of entropy of the system.

Question 15

Which arrow would be most closely related to kinetic energy?

A)Arrow A,the tongue extending
B)Arrow B,the bug being eaten
C)Arrow C,sunlight striking the chameleon
D)Arrow D,heat radiating from the chameleon

Question 16

Which arrow would be most closely related to the least organized form of energy?

A)Arrow A,the tongue extending
B)Arrow B,the bug being eaten
C)Arrow C,sunlight striking the chameleon
D)Arrow D,heat radiating from the chameleon

Question 17

The chemical reactions of photosynthesis occur in which cellular organelle?

A)Chloroplasts
B)Nucleus
C)Mitochondria
D)Ribosomes

Question 18

Water behind a dam has a certain amount of stored energy that can be released as the water falls over the top of the dam.It may be enough energy to turn a mill wheel or an electricity-generating turbine.Choose the term that best describes the type of energy stored in the water at the top of the dam.

A)Chemical
B)Potential
C)Radiant
D)Kinetic

Question 19

We use energy in many ways.Describe one thing we cannot do to energy.

A)Destroy it.
B)Waste it.
C)Convert it.
D)Store it.

Question 20

Choose the pencil that has the lowest potential energy.

A)A pencil on your desk
B)A pencil falling from your desk
C)A pencil hitting the ground after falling from your desk
D)A pencil laying on the ground

Question 21

Upon closer examination,the fish appeared to have died from a lack of oxygen.What time of day did the fish most likely die?

A)Late at night
B)Just before dawn
C)In the middle of the afternoon
D)At sundown

Question 22

What happens to the ATP molecule after it has been used to do work?

A)It breaks down into carbon dioxide and water.
B)It is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
C)It loses a phosphate group and is converted to ADP.
D)It is completely destroyed.

Question 23

Name the fluid-filled interior of the chloroplast.

A)Thylakoids
B)Stroma
C)Grana
D)None of these

Question 24

Organize the following steps of the light reaction in order.

A)Absorb sunlight,produce high-energy electron carriers,produce oxygen,split water
B)Absorb sunlight,produce high-energy electron carriers,split water,produce oxygen
C)Absorb sunlight,split water,produce oxygen,produce high-energy electron carriers
D)Absorb sunlight,produce oxygen,split water,produce high-energy electron carriers

Question 25

Where do the ground state electrons come from that are excited by the energy in sunlight?

A)NADPH
B)ATP
C)Sugar
D)Chlorophyll

Question 26

How do we know green light is not absorbed by chlorophyll?

A)Green light is the wavelength of light that is reflected instead of absorbed by the chloroplasts.
B)Not enough of the green light penetrates the ozone layer and makes it to the plant.
C)Green light has such a small wavelength that most of it goes straight through the leaves without interacting with the chlorophyll.
D)Green light does not have enough energy to excite an electron in the photosystem.

Question 27

Name a product of the Calvin cycle.

A)O₂
B)ATP
C)CO₂
D)Sugar

Question 28

Some bacteria are photosynthetic.Part of the definition of a prokaryote is that they have no membrane-bound organelles,including chloroplasts.Explain how bacteria carry out photosynthesis without chloroplasts.

A)They still have thylakoids,they just are not compartmentalized into chloroplasts.
B)The entire bacteria cell is a chloroplast with a nucleus.
C)The chlorophyll floats freely in the cell.
D)They carry out the steps of photosynthesis in their mitochondria.

Question 29

Why do some leaves change color (red,yellow,orange,etc.)in the fall?

A)The chlorophyll molecule is modified to absorb different wavelengths of light.
B)The chlorophyll molecule breaks down and other pigments now become visible.
C)Because the leaves are dead.
D)Cold weather denatures the chlorophyll molecule and it begins to reflect different colors.

Question 30

You are investigating a massive fish kill in one of the shallow lakes in the area.Lab reports show no toxins in the water but a monitoring station on a similar lake reported these oxygen and pH values.What,if any,is the relationship between oxygen and pH?

A)Inverse relationship
B)Direct relationship
C)Exponential relationship
D)No relationship

Question 31

Which of the following best describes the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A)Carbon dioxide + Sugar + Energy = Oxygen + Water
B)Oxygen + Water + Carbon dioxide = Sugar + Energy
C)Water + Carbon dioxide + Energy = Sugar + Oxygen
D)Oxygen + Sugar = Water + Carbon dioxide + Energy

Question 32

Where does cellular respiration occur?

A)In the chloroplasts
B)In the mitochondria
C)In the nucleus
D)In the airways of the respiratory system

Question 33

Which stage of photosynthesis,if any,can function in the dark?

A)Stage 1
B)Stage 2
C)Both Stage 1 and Stage 2
D)Neither Stage 1 nor Stage 2

Question 34

Identify the role of oxygen in photosynthesis.

A)It is split to form sugar.
B)It is the final electron acceptor.
C)It is a waste product.
D)It is the initial proton donator.

Question 35

The light reactions of photosynthesis ultimately convert low-energy molecules of ________ into high-energy molecules of ________.

A)NADP⁺; NADPH
B)ADP; ATP
C)Both of these are correct.
D)Neither of these is correct.

Question 36

In evaluating the data,why do you think the oxygen levels rise and fall over a 24-hour period?

A)Algae in the water produce more oxygen during the daylight hours than the fish consume.
B)The fish consume more oxygen during the nighttime hours than algae can produce.
C)Both of these explain the rise and fall pattern.
D)Neither of these explains the rise and fall pattern.

Question 37

What is the role of light in photosynthesis?

A)It is the source for electrons.
B)It fixes carbon.
C)It energizes electrons.
D)It splits ATP molecules,which generates energy.

Question 38

What is a photosystem?

A)Stacks of thylakoids
B)Double-membrane organelle containing thylakoids
C)Clusters of pigments and proteins that capture light energy
D)A leaf or any green part of the plant

Question 39

Which process produces glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (3GP)?

A)Citric acid cycle
B)Fermentation
C)Calvin cycle
D)Glycolysis

Question 40

Plastids are storage organelles.A chloroplast is a type of plastid.What does a chloroplast store?

A)Energy
B)Chlorophyll
C)Carbon
D)Electrons

Question 41

Identify the stage (or stages)of cellular respiration that occurs entirely outside of the mitochondria.

A)Citric acid cycle
B)Electron transport chain
C)Glycolysis
D)All of these

Question 42

Explain how molecules other than glucose can be used as energy sources.

A)They can't; cellular respiration is limited to glucose.
B)They have their own unique metabolic pathways.
C)They are modified first and then enter the same metabolic pathway as glucose.
D)Fats,proteins,and other carbohydrates are similar enough to glucose that they utilize the same metabolic pathway without any modifications.

Question 43

The label on a box of fudge-covered cookies indicates that a serving size is three cookies,and the number of calories in a serving size is 170.Calculate the approximate number of Calories in a single cookie.

A)12
B)105
C)57
D)510

Question 44

Why do you need oxygen? (What role does O₂ play in aerobic respiration?)

A)It is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain.
B)It combines with acetyl-CoA at the start of the citric acid cycle.
C)It is given off as a by-product during the oxidation of pyruvate.
D)It combines with H₂O to help drive the formation of ATP.

Question 45

Yeast is used to produce beer and wine but can also make bread rise.All of these processes involve the production of alcohol.Explain why you can eat bread and not get drunk.

A)The heat of cooking bakes out the alcohol.
B)The amount of alcohol produced is too small to be noticeable.
C)The bread-making process produces ethyl alcohol,not isopropyl alcohol.
D)The bread-making process produces isopropyl alcohol,not ethyl alcohol.

Question 46

Explain why mitochondria are often called "the powerhouse of the cell."

Question 47

Why can't an aerobic bacterium produce as much energy from a gram of sugar as an animal cell?

Question 48

What is the chemical equation for glucose?

A)C₂H₄O₂
B)C₄ H₈O₄
C)C₆H₁₂O₆
D)C₈H₁₆O₈

Question 49

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of the ATP produced?

A)Glycolysis
B)Citric acid cycle
C)Fermentation
D)Electron transport chain

Question 50

Alcohol is a waste product produced by yeast in the presence of sugar and the absence of ________.

A)CO₂
B)H₂O
C)O₂
D)ATP

Question 51

Calculate how many calories (spelled with a lower case "c")are in a 10 Calorie (spelled with a capital "C")cracker.

A)1/10
B)10,000
C)1,000
D)There is no difference,they are equivalent units.

Question 52

Identify the stage of cellular respiration when glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.

A)Citric acid cycle
B)Calvin cycle
C)Electron transport chain
D)Glycolysis

Question 53

Predict how many molecules of carbon dioxide are produced from the mitochondrial "burning" of one molecule of glucose?

A)1
B)6
C)12
D)Not enough information provided

Question 54

Can energy be harvested by the cells from glucose without oxygen?

A)Yes,about as much as with oxygen.
B)Yes,but not quite as much as with oxygen.
C)Yes,but much less than with oxygen.
D)No,oxygen is required to harvest any energy from glucose.

Question 55

A fudge-covered cookie contains 9 grams of fat,and there are three cookies in a serving.Calculate how much fat you would consume if you ate nine cookies.

A)81 grams
B)27 grams
C)9 grams
D)105 grams

Question 56

Which molecule stores the energy of electrostatic repulsion?

A)NADPH
B)Pyruvate
C)ATP
D)NADP⁺

Question 57

What does it mean to "fix" carbon and during which stage of photosynthesis is carbon fixed?

Question 58

What color of light is not used for photosynthesis? How could you know this just by looking at a leaf?

Question 59

Why does yogurt taste sharp?

A)It has not been aged long enough to mellow.
B)The taste is from the small amount of alcohol it contains,and alcohol tastes sharp.
C)The taste is from the large amount of carbon dioxide it contains,and carbon dioxide tastes sharp.
D)The taste is from the lactic acid it contains,and acids taste sharp.