Deck 3: Population

Question 1

What percentage of the world's population lives in the developing world?

A) 30%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 75%
E) 80%

Answer 1

E

Question 2

What is the world's most populous Muslim country,with 243 million people?

A) Indonesia
B) Iraq
C) Iran
D) Pakistan
E) None of the above

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What is the natural growth rate of the United States?

A) 0.6%
B) 2%
C) 5%
D) 8.5%
E) 3%

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Egypt has a low population density of 71 people per square kilometer.Why is this figure deceptive?

A) Most of the people temporarily leave for jobs in surrounding countries during harvest time.
B) Much of its population is in refugee camps along the coast.
C) The population migrates seasonally within the country, occupying the highlands in the summer.
D) Almost all the people are in the Nile Valley where densities are extremely high.
E) Most of the people are in urban areas, which are not used when calculating population density.

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE?

A) All crowded countries are poor.
B) There is no clear relationship between population density and economic development.
C) All countries are increasing in population.
D) Being at a crossroads location for world trade guarantees prosperity.
E) The world's most crowded country is Mexico.

Question 6

How is the rate of natural increase,also known as natural growth rate (NGR),for a country or region calculated?

A) It is estimated from migration records.
B) using arable land
C) taking the agricultural output and dividing it by the current population
D) It is equal to GNP.
E) the difference between the birth rate and the death rate

Question 7

When did the population of the earth first reach 1 billion?

A) 1350 B.C.
B) 550 B.C.
C) 250 A.D.
D) 1050 A.D.
E) 1850 A.D.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT TRUE?

A) Most of the world's people tend to be along edges of continents, in river valleys, and low elevations.
B) Dry areas of the world (like the Sahara) tend to be sparsely settled.
C) Few people live in very cold regions.
D) The physical environment entirely explains population distribution.
E) Social disasters such as war or famine may alter population distribution.

Question 9

For the vast bulk of human existence - upwards of 95% of their time on earth - what was the dominant style of living?

A) agriculturalists
B) hunters and gatherers
C) industrialists
D) pastoral nomads
E) urban dwellers

Question 10

What does the "rule of 70" apply to?

A) how long it takes a population to double in size
B) death rates during a famine
C) migration from one continent to another
D) economic prosperity in a former colony
E) cartograms of world population

Question 11

What is the most populous country on earth?

A) China
B) Egypt
C) Japan
D) Pakistan
E) Turkey

Question 12

According to the "rule of 70," if a country has a population increase of 2% per year,how long will it take for it to double in size?

A) 35 years
B) 70 years
C) 72 years
D) 140 years
E) it can not be determined

Question 13

Which set of regions/countries is currently experiencing a population decline?

A) Africa, Saudi Arabia, Turkey
B) Asia, Australia, Indonesia
C) Europe, Russia, Japan
D) North America, Cuba, Mexico
E) South America, Egypt, Italy

Question 14

China has the largest population of all the world countries.Which is the 2ⁿᵈ most populous country?

A) Brazil
B) India
C) Nigeria
D) Pakistan
E) Indonesia

Question 15

Which is NOT one of the four major dense areas of settlement in the world?

A) eastern United States and Canada
B) Europe
C) East Asia
D) North Africa
E) South Asia

Question 16

Which region is the least populous,with only about 1% of the world's population?

A) Asia
B) Europe
C) North America
D) Latin America
E) Oceania

Question 17

Which continent contains 60% of the world's population?

A) Asia
B) Africa
C) North America
D) South America
E) Africa

Question 18

In 2010,approximately how many people were in the world?

A) 3.5 billion
B) 4.5 billion
C) 5.5 billion
D) 6.5 billion
E) 7.5 billion

Question 19

What is population density?

A) the birth rate minus the death rate
B) the birth rate minus the death rate with immigration and emigration also taken into account
C) the average number of people per unit area
D) the amount of farmland per person
E) the total number of people in urban areas, minus the number of people in rural areas

Question 20

What is the approximate population of the United States?

A) 210 million
B) 310 million
C) 410 million
D) 510 million
E) 610 million

Question 21

Which is NOT TRUE regarding land degradation?

A) Poverty is a major cause of land degradation.
B) Land degradation can lead to landslides.
C) Soil compaction is one form of land degradation.
D) Land-use change has universally negative effects on human well-being.
E) Demand for more food production contributes to overexploitation of good agricultural soil.

Question 22

What areas of the world have the highest fertility levels?

A) Africa and much of the Muslim world
B) Australia and Eastern Europe
C) South America and the Caribbean
D) North America and Japan
E) Russia and surrounding countries (the former Soviet Union)

Question 23

What was the major reason why the death rate dropped in the Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition?

A) vaccinations
B) domestication of plants and animals
C) public health measures, such as sewer systems and clean drinking water
D) advances in surgical procedures
E) Warfare declined.

Question 24

Thomas Malthus blamed many of the world's problems on

A) government.
B) high death rates.
C) migration.
D) poor use of resources.
E) rapid population growth.

Question 25

In the final stage of the Demographic Transition,which of the following causes of death claims the most victims?

A) Malnutrition
B) Smoking
C) Undernutrition
D) Infectious diseases
E) Genetic diseases

Question 26

What characterizes rates of natural population growth in the first stage of demographic transition?

A) often negative
B) relatively low, often fluctuating around zero
C) relatively high, which indicates economic progress
D) extremely high, which reflects improvements in medicine
E) the rates cannot be calculated

Question 27

What characterizes the first stage of demographic transition?

A) low birth rates, low death rates
B) low birth rates, high death rates
C) high birth rates, low death rates
D) high birth rates, high death rates
E) a birth rate of zero, high death rates

Question 28

What was the central idea of Thomas Malthus?

A) Laws often target poorer people.
B) Cities develop before central governments.
C) Emigration alleviates population pressure on a region.
D) Population growth will outstrip the food supply.
E) Population doubling rates are impossible to calculate.

Question 29

Under the theories of Thomas Malthus,what is the difference between a positive check and a negative check on population growth?

A) A positive check reduces the fertility rate; a negative check reduces the mortality rate.
B) A positive check increases the fertility rate; a negative check increases the mortality rate.
C) A positive check increases the fertility rate; a negative check reduces the mortality rate.
D) A positive check reduces the fertility rate; a negative check increases mortality rate.
E) There is no difference since both reduce population growth.

Question 30

What country would be typical for one in the first stage of the demographic transition?

A) Iraq, a country occupied by a foreign military
B) Japan, a wealthy country with universal healthcare
C) Rwanda, an impoverished country with large families
D) Sudan, a country with a divided north and south
E) Thailand, a country with only one large city

Question 31

What is the basis for demographic transition theory?

A) widespread famines of the 1800s
B) the historical experience of Western Europe and North America
C) models of international trade, especially the expansion of capitalism
D) small communities in the Pacific Islands
E) urbanization and modernization in Italian city-states

Question 32

Five countries/areas have the lowest fertility rates in the world.What are they?

A) Armenia, Azerbaijan, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan (all in former Soviet Union)
B) Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Syria (all are part of the Muslim world)
C) Macau, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Japan (all are in Asia)
D) Morocco, Algeria, Gibraltar, Malta, Cyprus (all have a border on the Mediterranean Sea)
E) Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama (all are in Central America)

Question 33

Thomas Malthus' viewpoint was

A) driven by economic systems.
B) flawed from his upbringing.
C) embraced by cornucopians.
D) optimistic.
E) pessimistic.

Question 34

What was a major flaw in Malthus' conclusions?

A) His mathematical models did not account for variability.
B) His team of researchers were biased, they had a predetermined conclusion.
C) His ideas only applied to Christians, Jews, and Muslims.
D) He failed to predict agricultural expansion and mechanization.
E) He only studied rural populations.

Question 35

What assumption did Thomas Malthus make regarding fertility?

A) It is biologically inevitable.
B) Christians reproduce less frequently than members of other religions.
C) Governments could control human fertility.
D) Medical science would eventually curb it.
E) Rural populations would increase faster than urban populations.

Question 36

Population growth has resulted in

A) increased demand for agricultural productivity.
B) higher incomes.
C) changes in consumption.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above.

Question 37

During which stage of the Demographic Transition does the population level begin to rise dramatically?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) Stage 5

Question 38

Which continent has the highest growth rates in the world today?

A) Africa
B) Australia
C) Europe
D) North America
E) South America

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding the second stage of demographic transition?

A) The death rate is lower in this stage than stage one.
B) Life expectancies increase in this stage as compared to stage one.
C) The United States skipped this stage and moved directly into the third.
D) The natural growth rate grows explosively.
E) Today, stage two countries would be in the developing world.

Question 40

What was a major difference between Thomas Malthus,who published his ideas in 1798,and neo-Malthusians,who started advancing their ideas in the 1960s?

A) Neo-Malthusians took tropical crops into account.
B) Neo-Malthusians embraced birth control and family planning.
C) Neo-Malthusians calculated growth using advanced equations.
D) Neo-Malthusians accepted migration as inevitable.
E) There was no difference between their ideas.

Question 41

Which of the following is TRUE regarding world population?

A) The most significant factor in explaining population growth of a country is when it was colonized.
B) Life expectancies are higher for women than men, in both the developed and developing worlds.
C) Planck's theories of migration have been elevated into laws of migration.
D) Rates of natural increase are highest in cities.
E) Total fertility rates explain flows of international migrants.

Question 42

According to the text,what is the label often attached to children of the baby boomers?

A) John Wayne Generation
B) the "greatest generation"
C) Generation X
D) Millennials
E) the "depressionites"

Question 43

Of the regions below,which was the initial one that went through stage three of the demographic transition?

A) Africa
B) Asia
C) Europe
D) Middle East
E) South America

Question 44

When a population pyramid has a broad base and a narrow top,what does that likely indicate?

A) an inadequate health care system
B) a developing country
C) a developed country
D) outmigration
E) urbanization

Question 45

What is a common trait between the second stage of demographic transition and the first stage?

A) low total fertility rates
B) low population growth
C) high total fertility rates
D) high population growth
E) nothing is shared between the two stages, the second stage is a complete break from the first

Question 46

When a population pyramid has a column-like appearance,with the top,middle and bottom at the similar widths,what does that probably indicate?

A) an inadequate health care system
B) a developing country
C) a developed country
D) outmigration
E) urbanization

Question 47

What is NOT a characteristic of the second stage of demographic transition?

A) Medical breakthroughs and hospitals are required for a society to move into the second stage.
B) Overall death rates decline.
C) Infant mortality rates are lower than in the first stage.
D) Life expectancies increase as compared to the first stage.
E) The natural growth rate is higher than the first stage.

Question 48

What is not an example of a push factor as it relates to migration?

A) low wages
B) poverty
C) "bright lights" of a big city
D) war
E) famine

Question 49

What is NOT TRUE regarding migration?

A) Causes of migration can be divided into push-and-pull factors.
B) Spatial differences in economic opportunities often explain why young people leave rural areas.
C) Most movements are involuntary.
D) The slave trade is an example of involuntary migration.
E) Impelled migration is when people move under duress.

Question 50

In which region has world population massively increased since 1900?

A) developed regions
B) developing regions
C) Africa and Western Europe
D) Australia and the Pacific World
E) North America and South America

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding aspects of the third stage of demographic transition?

A) Most (if not all) developed world countries passed through this stage.
B) Women who are in the work force tend to have fewer children.
C) There is a link between labor markets and fertility behavior.
D) Fertility rates rise.
E) Death rates remain low.

Question 52

Which of the following is TRUE?

A) The population of the United States will double in the next 20 years.
B) Thomas Malthus was absolutely correct about population behavior.
C) The overall rate of world population growth is slowing down.
D) Demographic transition theory is now known to be completely false.
E) World population will decrease by 50% by 2100.

Question 53

Which is TRUE regarding the fourth stage of demographic transition?

A) Death rates reach zero.
B) Birth rates are the lowest in this stage.
C) Economic development suffers.
D) Families grow larger, a trend that continues for a half century.
E) Plagues and famines become common in countries that are not ready for the fourth stage.

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding the fourth stage of demographic transition?

A) This is the early industrial stage Europe, Japan, and North America are in this stage.
B) Europe, Japan, and North America are in this stage.
C) Deaths from infectious diseases are generally low.
D) Birth rates continue to fall.
E) Some countries in this stage might experience population declines.

Question 55

Consequences of the population explosion in developing countries include all of the following EXCEPT

A) population growth in rural areas that outpaces urban growth.
B) overcultivation, soil erosion, and depletion of fertility.
C) deforestation, drainage of wetlands.
D) migration.
E) poaching of wildlife.

Question 56

Which of the following is TRUE?

A) Different parts of the United States have different population pyramids.
B) Immigration is the only reason the population of the United States is increasing.
C) Population pyramids of developing world countries often have a wide top and a narrow base.
D) Many developing world countries have zero population growth (ZPG).
E) Rapid population increase is a concern in many European countries.

Question 57

What is the dependency ratio?

A) the ratio of women to men in a developing world country
B) the ratio of agricultural workers to industrial workers
C) the proportion of people in finance, insurance, and real estate to the overall working population
D) the ratio of nonworking to working people
E) the surplus of laborers caused by generational shifts

Question 58

Ninety million Americans were born during the baby boom.During what years did the baby boom occur?

A) 1888 to 1903
B) 1914 to 1920
C) 1929 to 1941
D) 1946 to 1964
E) 1975 to 1992

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT TRUE?

A) When baby boomers entered the work force, they included more working women than ever before.
B) Income growth for boomers was relatively low.
C) The number of children boomers had per family was smaller than their parents.
D) Expenditures by boomers helped to crash the consumer economy and housing markets in the 1990s and 2000s.
E) Now that the baby boom generation is set to retire, labor force growth is low.

Question 60

What are the most rapidly growing age groups in Europe,Russia,Japan,the United States,Canada,Australia,and New Zealand?

A) infants (younger than 1)
B) children (ages 2 to 12)
C) teenagers
D) middle-aged and the elderly
E) none of the above are growing in these countries

Question 61

Which of the following is TRUE?

A) The Atlantic slave trade was dwarfed by the voluntary intercontinental migration of Europeans
B) About 1 million slaves were transported from Africa to the Americas.
C) The United States received most of its immigrants between 1830 and 1850.
D) International migration flows are dominated by people leaving the developed world.
E) Today, intercontinental migration is more intense than it has ever been.

Question 62

Which is NOT a major international labor flow?

A) Mexico and the Caribbean to the United States
B) South American countries to Argentina, Venezuela, and Peru
C) from North Africa and southern Europe to northwestern Europe
D) from Indonesia to Malaysia, Singapore, and Australia
E) All of the above are major international labor flows.

Question 63

Which is NOT TRUE regarding migration?

A) Social conflict is a frequent consequence of migration.
B) Migrants can contribute to the economic well-being of the places they settle in.
C) A massive influx of people to a region can cause problems.
D) mMgration can intensify problems of poverty by reducing the supply of labor at the source area.
E) Migration can cause "brain drain" in the source area.

Question 64

What continent has a majority of the world's Internally Displaced Persons?

A) Africa
B) Asia
C) Europe
D) North America
E) South America

Question 65

Which country has the largest group of immigrants residing within its borders?

A) Brazil
B) Germany
C) Japan
D) South Africa
E) United States

Question 66

Which is NOT TRUE?

A) Major differences occur in the wages paid among various regions of the United States.
B) Major differences occur in the wages paid among various countries in Europe.
C) Cultural differences are important to understanding migration.
D) Economic forces will lead to an eradication of wage inequities throughout the world.
E) The availability of work and wage rates account for major labor flows throughout the world.

Question 67

What is the primary factor that explains migration?

A) climate
B) economic incentives
C) historical circumstances
D) stage of the life-cycle (retirement, etc.)
E) supply curves

Question 68

What is NOT a contributing factor to the economic downturn of 2009?

A) It is the end of a 40-year growth cycle in the stock market.
B) It was the peak of a 30-year commodity cycles.
C) Peak oil prices and real estate prices collided with a downturn in the stock market.
D) The spending wave of the baby boomers came to an end.
E) failure of Americans to innovate after the tech boom of the 1990s

Question 69

Which is the correct order of generations in the United States?

A) Baby Boomers, Baby Bust, "greatest generation", Generation X, Generation Y
B) Generation X, Generation Y, Baby Bust, Baby Boom, "greatest generation"
C) Generation X, Generation Y, Baby Boomers, "greatest generation"
D) "greatest generation", Baby Boomers, Generation X, Generation Y
E) "greatest generation", Generation X, Generation Y, Baby Boomers

Question 70

What is the most important type of internal migration?

A) cost-benefit migration
B) lowlands to highlands
C) refugee migration
D) rural-urban migration
E) split-market labor theory

Question 71

In general,who makes up the largest number of international labor migrants?

A) young females
B) middle-aged females
C) young males
D) middle-aged males
E) all four of the above groups migrate in equal proportions

Question 72

What area of Europe tends to attract the greatest number of migrants?

A) Baltic Republics (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)
B) eastern Europe (Poland, Slovakia)
C) northwestern Europe (Germany, United Kingdom)
D) northern Europe (Norway, Sweden)
E) southeastern Europe (Albania, Greece)

Question 73

When did a major population drift of African Americans from the rural south to the industrial cities of the Northeast and Midwest occur?

A) immediately after the Revolutionary War (1790s to 1820s)
B) prior to the Civil War (1850s)
C) during the decade of the Great Panic (1890s)
D) between the two World Wars (1920s to 1930s)
E) after the end of the Cold War (1990s)

Question 74

What region generates the most refugees,currently numbering about 6 million?

A) Africa
B) Europe
C) former Soviet Union (Russia + surrounding countries)
D) Latin America
E) Mediterranean

Question 75

The principal force affecting world population distribution is

A) age-dependency ratio
B) famine
C) migration
D) natural increase
E) plague

Question 76

What are remittances?

A) undocumented immigrants who are caught and sent home
B) zones, particularly in urban areas, where immigrants often cluster
C) money migrants send back home
D) waves of migration caused by push factors
E) involuntary migrants who are forced to work for low wages

Question 77

What is not a factor contributing to counterurbanization?

A) retirees
B) green technology
C) people seeking relief from high-cost suburbs
D) people desiring a greater nature or native lifestyle
E) the electronic cottage

Question 78

Which is TRUE regarding migration and immigration?

A) All countries regulate the flow of immigration.
B) Immigrants comprise about 35% of the population of the United States.
C) In the United States, some people argue that immigrants generate more wealth than they consume.
D) Older adults are more likely to migrate than younger adults.
E) Remittances are legal barriers to migrants.

Question 79

As a result of population shifts since the 1950s,what American regions now have the majority of the population of the U.S.?

A) Midwest and West
B) Midwest and South
C) North and South
D) North and West
E) South and West

Question 80

What is a difference between classical labor migration theory and the real world?

A) People do not move for economic reasons.
B) Workers often have perfect information in certain regions, and imperfect information in other regions.
C) Women migrate less frequently than men.
D) Monetary incentives are weaker than political incentives.
E) Wage rates do not converge among regions; workers are paid more in the developed world.