Deck 12: The Family and the World of Work

Question 1

Currently,who in the family is most likely to do most of the housework?

A)the woman
B)the man
C)both partners equally
D)the teenage children

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which term refers to the perception of being stressed or overwhelmed by the pressures of multiple family and work roles?

A)role spillover
B)role overload
C)role ambiguity
D)role confusion

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What is the main reason why overall family work hours have increased in the last few decades?

A)individuals are working more hours
B)employers tend to give less time off
C)the number of dual-earner families has increased
D)daycare is more easily accessible

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is one significant change in marital and partner roles since the first half of the last century?

A)most married women now work outside the home
B)most married women now work at home
C)most married men now work at home
D)most married men now work outside the home

Question 5

What is the term for having too much to do and too little time to do it?

A)punching the time clock
B)schedule stress
C)everyday life
D)a time crunch

Question 6

What do individuals experience when expectations from roles at home and work become so great that one or more become difficult to manage?

A)work-life conflict
B)burnout
C)stress
D)role conflict

Question 7

One study found little connection between the fact mothers had jobs and the marital satisfaction they and their husbands felt,unless which of the following occurred?

A)Their husbands had traditional ideas about gender roles.
B)The mothers had children under the age of three.
C)The mothers experienced employment role confusion.
D)They had four or more children.

Question 8

In 2009,what proportion of mothers with school-aged children were in the paid labour force?

A)over three-quarters
B)less than one-half
C)over two-thirds
D)less than one-quarter

Question 9

Julie feels torn between her job and her family.She feels she can do neither of them justice.According to the text,what is she probably a victim of?

A)her own potential
B)perfectionist parents
C)too many children
D)her own expectations

Question 10

According to Kathleen Gerson,which of the following factors has an influence on a woman's choice of life path?

A)the city in which she lives
B)her ethnicity
C)her religion
D)the stability of her marriage

Question 11

What effect has technology had on housework?

A)it has reduced housework
B)it has increased heavy work
C)it has reduced loneliness during housework
D)it has made it different,not less

Question 12

Which stage is generally considered to be the most stressful in the family life cycle?

A)old age
B)retirement
C)marriage and the first years
D)child-rearing and adolescence

Question 13

What is the "career mystique"?

A)when people do a job that at first seems boring but eventually they find it is the right job for them
B)when there is a perfect balance between paid work and unpaid work
C)when people keep trying different jobs until they find the perfect career
D)when people find happiness in jobs that require them to devote all their time and energy to their career advancement

Question 14

In general,which factor helps a couple manage a commuter relationship better?

A)if they are newlyweds
B)if they are cohabiting rather than married
C)if they no longer have children at home
D)if it is a permanent solution

Question 15

When do both spouses tend to rate their marriages as happier?

A)when they both have traditional ideas about gender roles
B)when all their children are under the age of three
C)when fathers are more involved with their children
D)when both spouses work outside the home

Question 16

In which situation are most couples happy with the division of paid and unpaid work?

A)when it is divided 50-50
B)when it is divided according to traditional gender roles
C)when it is seen as fair
D)when paid work is more than unpaid work

Question 17

Between 1987 and 2011,what has been the trend in the average workweek for individual Canadians?

A)the number of hours worked has increased
B)the number of hours worked has decreased
C)the number of hours worked has stayed the same
D)after a slight decrease,the number of hours worked has increased

Question 18

In 2009,what proportion of mothers with children aged three to five were in the paid labour force?

A)over three-quarters
B)less than one-half
C)over two-thirds
D)less than one-quarter

Question 19

What is the recent trend in work-family conflicts?

A)they have always been the same
B)they are getting progressively less
C)they have progressively worsened
D)they have almost been eliminated

Question 20

Which term refers to a situation where family and work roles or time demands interfere with each other?

A)role spillover
B)role overload
C)role ambiguity
D)role confusion

Question 21

According to one study,how was work affected for men in unhappy marriages?

A)They spent an additional six hours a week at work.
B)They had about the same level of productivity as other men.
C)They lost about 38 days a year of work time.
D)They lost less work time than women in unhappy marriages.

Question 22

Since 1996,tax money transferred from Ottawa to the provinces and territories has been combined into a single grant called the Canada Health and Social Transfer.What is one result of this practice?

A)childcare is now a federal responsibility
B)the provinces have all adopted the same kinds of programs
C)the federal government reduced its ability to shape social programs
D)the federal government increased its ability to shape social programs

Question 23

Which of the following terms describes the burdens in caregivers' day-to-day lives that can be attributed to the need to provide care or assistance to someone else?

A)role spillover
B)caregiver strain
C)family overload
D)caretaking depression

Question 24

Why was 1995 a critical time for daycare?

A)The Chrétien government provided increased funding for daycare.
B)There was pressure from Quebec for more federal involvement in social policies.
C)The federal government announced cuts in social spending.
D)The federal government set national standards for daycare providers.

Question 25

Why might parents who work shifts,weekends,or irregular hours have difficulty with daycare?

A)Most daycare is based on a nine-to-five parental work schedule.
B)Parents want their child to sleep in his or her own bed at the regular time.
C)Not all transportation services needed to reach the centre are available at off-hours.
D)Paying for daycare at irregular hours is much more expensive.

Question 26

Which of the following resulted in less strain in juggling work and family roles,according to some studies of workers?

A)the workplace ran by predictable rules
B)the workplace was family-friendly
C)the workplace was managed by a woman
D)the workplace was close to home

Question 27

How many employees experience work-to-family interference as a serious problem,according to a large study of Canadians working for big companies,governments,or institutions?

A)one in three
B)one in four
C)two in seven
D)three in five

Question 28

What happened after Quebec introduced its Early Childhood Education and Care Policy in 2000?

A)nearly every child in Quebec was registered in a regulated daycare
B)there was a substantial increase in the employment of women from two-parent families
C)other provinces quickly adopted the same program
D)allowances for childcare were given directly to families instead of funding centres

Question 29

Daycare centres were established only once they were seen to benefit which of the following?

A)society
B)families
C)working mothers
D)children

Question 30

When are families more likely to hire outside help?

A)when women make a larger share of the income
B)when they have young children
C)when they have teenage children
D)when they have a commuter relationship

Question 31

Which workers are least likely to experience work-family interference?

A)single parents
B)mothers of children under 12
C)fathers of teenagers
D)parents of babies

Question 32

In 2010,childcare spaces were available for what percent of Canadian children 0 to 12 years old?

A)10 percent
B)20 percent
C)35 percent
D)50 percent

Question 33

How long is maternity and parental leave paid through the federal Employment Insurance fund?

A)17 weeks
B)6 months
C)1 year
D)2 years

Question 34

Because Janus and Inez both work,they need to find daycare for their three-year-old daughter.Which problem do they likely face,along with many other parents?

A)difficulty locating informal care
B)the cost of good daycare
C)the long hours the daycare centre keeps their child
D)the love their child will develop for her caregiver

Question 35

Why is there is no national policy regarding daycare?

A)daycare is a provincial matter
B)daycare is a municipal matter
C)no government has wanted to set standards
D)there has been insufficient funding to set standards

Question 36

Which of the following was a goal of the earliest daycare centres?

A)to turn children into productive members of society
B)to give mothers a break from constantly caring for their children
C)to provide better care than children would get at home
D)to meet the needs of working parents

Question 37

Which province provides inexpensive daycare,or tax credits,to all children up to age 12?

A)Newfoundland
B)Quebec
C)Alberta
D)British Columbia

Question 38

Which province had the highest childcare fees in 2012?

A)Ontario
B)Alberta
C)Nova Scotia
D)British Columbia

Question 39

What is the Universal Child Care Benefit?

A)parents receive $100 a month for each child under six
B)low income families can deduct the cost of childcare up to $7000 per child
C)lone parents are reimbursed for 80 percent of their childcare expenses
D)every Canadian family with children receives a $500 credit on their income tax

Question 40

In families with dual-earner couples,who is most severely time-crunched?

A)those with children at home
B)those with grandparents living with them
C)those with teenage children
D)childless couples

Question 41

According to the text,which of the following often happens when individuals are burned out?

A)they will probably be quick to use proven stress-reducing techniques
B)they are very likely to hide all their work difficulties from their spouse
C)they welcome recreational activities to take their minds off the stress
D)they may be too tired to make active efforts to reduce stress

Question 42

Which of the following commonly is a wife's response when her husband is laid off?

A)she finds a job or increases her work hours
B)she reduces her hours of work to spend more time with him
C)she considers separation because he is not living up to the male "provider" role
D)she pays all the bills immediately

Question 43

Some couples address the career issue by choosing a __________ marriage,where they live in different cities or even different countries.

Question 44

Which of the following often happens when individuals are overstressed?

A)they will probably value family life,especially time with children,for relief
B)they spend more time at work to avoid family conflicts
C)they often will be irritable and angry over everyday hassles at home
D)they are unlikely to put pressure on their children to be especially cooperative

Question 45

What can burnout lead to?

A)extramarital affairs
B)job loss or job sabotage
C)children in a family fearing the demands of adult work
D)decreases in one's ability to cope with stress

Question 46

Who is most likely to use family-friendly work arrangements?

A)full-time workers in two-parent families with children under 16
B)single mothers with children under 6 years old
C)parents with adolescent children still living at home
D)traditional one-earner families with young children

Question 47

The virtual office or telecommuting appeals to which of the following people?

A)those who want flexibility to schedule their daily work
B)those who have only a short commute to the office
C)those who find it difficult to juggle home and work
D)those who have good daycare arrangements for their children

Question 48

In recent years,there has been a 100 percent increase in days taken off work for personal and family reasons.More than one-third of this increase is spent caring for which of the following?

A)an elderly relative
B)a spouse
C)unmarried siblings
D)children whose teachers are on strike

Question 49

For many years,Jake has supported his family as a miner.How does he probably feel now that he has been laid off?

A)he is happy to spend more time with his friends
B)he feels a sense of failure as a person
C)he feels a sense of freedom
D)he welcomes the opportunity to renovate his house

Question 50

Which of the following is a state of physical and emotional exhaustion as a result of prolonged stress from trying to live up to impossible goals?

A)the time crunch
B)a normal weekend
C)burnout
D)madness

Question 51

Which of the following affects the ease with which the family makes an adjustment to a lower income when a manager husband loses his job or has to take a lower-paying position?

A)the ability of older children to help out
B)the attitudes of family members
C)the desire to keep up appearances
D)the ability of the wife to take over the household finances

Question 52

Which of the following is a self-defined state of well-being that recognizes the inter-relatedness of work life and life apart from work?

A)the time crunch
B)work-family balance
C)burnout
D)madness

Question 53

How does job sharing differ from other part-time work?

A)Part-time work allows much more flexible hours.
B)Job sharing is a less secure form of employment.
C)In job sharing,two employees receive prorated salaries and benefits.
D)The job sharers are not considered regular employees.

Question 54

What is the term for a job with long workdays and three or four days off in succession?

A)flexible workplace
B)burnout fodder
C)compressed workweek
D)flextime

Question 55

Which of the following is probably one's first response to job loss?

A)acceptance and anticipation
B)anger and rage
C)worry and anxiety
D)shock and denial

Question 56

_____________ is defined as a form of conflict in which work and family demands are mutually incompatible,so that meeting demands in one domain makes it difficult to meet demands in the other.

Question 57

What is the term for a policy used to manage both work and family responsibilities that allows full-time employees to determine when they arrive at and when they leave work,providing they work a certain number of hours?

A)compressed workweek
B)telecommuting
C)time-crunch juggling
D)flextime

Question 58

Which of the following could describe Lorraine,who is a perfectionist at work and whose husband expects her to keep the house spotless and take the children to numerous activities?

A)she may realize that all of this work is worth it
B)she may feel happy and satisfied in her marriage
C)she may spend more time at the office and less time at home
D)she may be a candidate for burnout

Question 59

As a result of elder care responsibilities,who is most likely to cut back on work hours?

A)sons
B)spouses
C)grandchildren
D)women

Question 60

According to the text,which of the following often happens when individuals are under extreme stress?

A)family relationships may become more harmonious by contrast
B)disagreements may escalate into serious marital conflict
C)their partners also become very stressed
D)their young children will probably provide long-term emotional support

Question 61

A(n)____________________ refers to a job with long hours,in which work is concentrated into three or four days,allowing for several days in succession off work.

Question 62

Several studies have found that the more ____________________ the workplace was,the less strain there was in juggling work and family roles.

Question 63

______________ is the perception of being stressed or overwhelmed by the pressures of multiple family and work roles.

Question 64

What are common reactions to job loss?

Question 65

____________________ is a state of physical and emotional exhaustion resulting from prolonged stress from trying to live up to impossible goals.

Question 66

____________________ involves working outside the office using a computer and telecommunications technology.

Question 67

Explain why there is no national policy for daycare in Canada.

Question 68

Briefly describe the stress placed on families by social expectations.

Question 69

Briefly indicate the impact of technology on housework.

Question 70

Identify the four different life paths described by Kathleen Gerson.

Question 71

Explain the difference between regulated and unregulated childcare.

Question 72

_____________ is a situation where family and work roles or time demands interfere with each other.

Question 73

Describe the trends in women employed outside the home.

Question 74

The most time-crunched families are _________________,especially those with young children.

Question 75

Define "burnout" and describe its effects on the individual.

Question 76

List problems shift workers experience with childcare.

Question 77

Explain the terms "role spillover" and "role overload."

Question 78

Define "caregiver strain" and describe its effects on the individual.

Question 79

_______________ is a self-defined state of well-being that recognizes the inter-relatedness of work life and life apart from work.

Question 80

An arrangement in which full-time employees can determine when they arrive at and when they leave work is referred to as ____________________.