Deck 12: Pediatric Disorders of Language

Question 1

The preschool child who sustains an injury to the brain:

A)will not show improvement under therapeutic enrichment attempts to stimulate language development
B)will most likely have no long-term effects of brain injury when he or she reaches school age
C)may not show any impairment until he or she is of the age when higher processing in language appears
D)will have language mediated by the left hemisphere

Answer 1

C
A child with a brain injury may show manifestations of that injury in the school years,as language and cognitive skills become more fully developed.

Question 2

Which of the following is descriptive of childhood aphasia?

A)Outcomes are more favorable in a younger child than an older one.
B)The age of onset is infancy through the late teens.
C)Aphasias can result in better writing and numeric skills than language skills.
D)Outcomes are more favorable in children with receptive rather than expressive deficits.

Answer 2

A
Prognosis is better with earlier onset of aphasia,especially in the cases where the uninjured hemisphere can assume language functions.

Question 3

Hearing loss in an otherwise normally functioning child can lead to all of the following EXCEPT:

A)articulation disorders
B)delays in academic achievement
C)delays in language
D)cognitive disorders
E)delays in pragmatic language

Answer 3

D
Hearing loss may be the result of a brain injury,but does not in and of itself cause disorders in cognition.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the language abilities of a child with hearing loss?

A)A child with hearing loss may not know how to repair breakdowns in communication.
B)A child with a hearing loss may not learn grammar as well as a child with normal hearing.
C)Language delays in a hearing-impaired child are resolved when the child reaches adulthood.
D)Hearing loss means the child will not have as much practice using language as will a child with normal hearing.
E)Early intervention with amplification appears to be critical to language development.

Question 5

Which of the following is true in regard to cerebral dominance?

A)Laterality is limited to cerebral dominance for language.
B)Hand preference is a reliable indicator of hemispheric dominance for language.
C)Most right-handed people show a right ear advantage in dichotic listening tasks.
D)Inconsistency in lateral preferences has been consistently associated with language delays.

Question 6

A cerebral injury to the language areas of the brain that occurs at the age of 3 in a normally developing child:

A)will result in right-hemisphere dominance of language
B)usually results in a permanent loss of function
C)will produce apraxic symptoms in the child
D)often results in normal or near-normal functioning over time

Question 7

Which of these structures is last to mature?

A)Broca's area
B)association area of the inferior parietal lobe
C)arcuate fasciculus
D)corpus callosum
E)Wernicke's area

Question 8

___ is an example of a language deficit.

A)Code switching
B)Bilingualism
C)An impairment in language comprehension
D)Using a nonstandard dialect
E)Limited English proficiency

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of acquired epileptic aphasia?

A)deficits in executive functioning
B)deficits in receptive language
C)convulsive seizures
D)near-normal expressive language
E)deficits in memory

Question 10

Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder:

A)is a diagnosis that is dependent upon neurologic signs,rather than behavioral characteristics
B)has similar metabolic effects in children and adults
C)has been used as an explanation for the etiology of developmental language delay
D)is always accompanied by soft neurologic symptoms

Question 11

Bilingual children:

A)tend to recover only the dominant language after a brain injury
B)can shift from one language to another in a conversation
C)usually use both languages in all settings
D)usually are equally proficient in each language

Question 12

Which of the following can complicate recovery from childhood aphasia?

A)late age of onset
B)an expressive aphasic component
C)seizures
D)both A and C
E)all of the above

Question 13

Which of the following is strong evidence for an innate left-hemisphere lateralization of language?

A)greater neuronal density in the left hemisphere
B)a larger left planum temporale in fetuses and newborns
C)greater glial cell volume in the left hemisphere
D)a higher level of complexity (i.e. ,axonal myelination)in the left hemisphere
E)both B and D

Question 14

Anencephaly is an example of a:

A)caudal neural tube defect
B)primary neurulation defect
C)secondary neurulation defect
D)nonfatal neurulation defect

Question 15

The recovery from an injury to the brain in childhood depends upon:

A)the location of the lesion
B)which hemisphere sustained injury
C)the critical period for the area in which the lesion occurred
D)Both A and C are true.

Question 16

Which of these children might be suspected of having specific language impairment?

A)a child with a language delay who is free of neurologic symptoms
B)a child with hearing loss who has a language delay
C)a child who has Down syndrome who also has a language delay
D)a child who had a stroke in infancy who has developed a language delay at age 4

Question 17

Most children who sustain a left-hemisphere cerebral injury before the age of 1 year:

A)will lateralize language function to the right hemisphere
B)will fail to develop language normally
C)will not undergo functional reorganization of the brain
D)will develop a language delay

Question 18

All of the following have been proposed to be contributing factors to attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder EXCEPT:

A)abnormalities in the caudate nucleus
B)abnormalities in the globus pallidus
C)decreased activity in the frontal lobe
D)early myelination of the frontal lobe

Question 19

The __ grows more rapidly during prenatal than postnatal stages.

A)motor area of the precentral gyrus
B)medulla
C)primary auditory cortex
D)midbrain
E)Both B and D are truE.

Question 20

The ability to focus attention on a problem:

A)is part of the function of neural processing
B)takes place in the frontal lobe
C)is due largely to the activity of the reticular formation
D)takes place largely in the posterior cortex

Question 21

___ is a pervasive developmental disorder marked by mental retardation.

A)Autism spectrum disorder
B)Rett syndrome
C)Childhood disintegrative disorder
D)Asperger's syndrome
E)Both B and C are truE.

Question 22

The cortical association areas develop at a slower rate than do the cortical receptor areas.

Question 23

___ is a pervasive developmental disorder with an onset that follows a 3- to 4-year period of normal development.

A)Autism spectrum disorder
B)Rett syndrome
C)Childhood disintegrative disorder
D)Asperger's syndrome

Question 24

The extent at which myelination occurs may be a factor in a developmental language delay.

Question 25

Myelination of the visual cortical projections occurs after that of the auditory cortical projections.

Question 26

One of the early symptoms of ___ is loss of fine motor function in the hands.

A)autism spectrum disorder
B)Rett syndrome
C)childhood disintegrative disorder
D)Asperger's syndrome

Question 27

The most common communication disorder found in school children is:

A)specific language impairment
B)developmental language disability
C)developmental dyslexia
D)autism spectrum disorder
E)Asperger's syndrome

Question 28

__ is also known as atypical autism.

A)Pervasive developmental disorder
B)Asperger's syndrome
C)Childhood disintegrative disorder
D)Rett syndrome

Question 29

A child diagnosed with ___ will have a normal but delayed development of language until he or she reaches adolescence.

A)hearing loss
B)mental retardation
C)specific language impairment
D)acquired childhood aphasia

Question 30

Many children born with ___ have life-long language deficits that are not responsive to early intervention.

A)hearing loss
B)specific language impairment
C)Asperger's syndrome
D)fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 31

No significant delay in language development is found in:

A)pervasive developmental disorder
B)Asperger's syndrome
C)childhood disintegrative disorder
D)Rett syndrome

Question 32

A child with developmental dyslexia is likely to:

A)have a lower level of intelligence
B)be right handed
C)have no difficulty in reading comprehension
D)have difficulty reading aloud
E)have little difficulty in writing

Question 33

All of the following are classified as pervasive developmental disorders EXCEPT:

A)Asperger's syndrome
B)mental retardation
C)childhood disintegrative disorder
D)Rett syndrome
E)autism spectrum disorder

Question 34

___ is more predominant in females.

A)Autism spectrum disorder
B)Rett syndrome
C)Childhood disintegrative disorder
D)Asperger's syndrome
E)Both B and C are truE.

Question 35

The connectivity of the hemispheres via the corpus callosum does not appear to be important to normal development.

Question 36

The most rapid growth of the brain is during the first year of life.

Question 37

The right-hemisphere activation seen in brain studies of bilingual individuals indicates that the right hemisphere is dominant in the processing and production of a second language.