Deck 34: Oncology

Question 1

Which of these statements related to cancer risk is FALSE?

A)Exposure to coal tar constitutes a risk factor for lung cancer.
B)Melanoma can develop with even limited exposure to ultraviolet rays.
C)Smokeless tobacco poses less risk for cancer than cigarettes.
D)Heavy alcohol consumption primarily increases risk for lung cancer.

Answer 1

Heavy alcohol consumption primarily increases risk for lung cancer.

Question 2

Which of these terms describes any abnormal growth of new tissue?

A)a malignancy
B)a neoplasm
C)a vesicant
D)leukemia

Answer 2

a neoplasm

Question 3

A nursing student teaching a client about risk factors for colorectal cancer would include:

A)heavy alcohol consumption
B)exposure to secondhand smoke
C)eating a high-fiber diet
D)history of rectal polyps

Answer 3

history of rectal polyps

Question 4

When teaching the client regarding factors that can influence the cancer survival rate,the nurse determines that the MOST significant factor would be:

A)age of the client at initial diagnosis
B)client's response to diagnosis
C)racial and ethnic background
D)type of cancer

Question 5

While caring for a client,the client asks the nurse,"What is the primary cause of lung cancer?" The MOST appropriate response for the nurse to provide is:

A)"Cigarette smoking."
B)"Environmental hazards such as asbestos exposure."
C)"Familial predisposition."
D)"Metastasis of other primary cancers to the lung."

Question 6

When teaching a client about the risk factors for cancer,the nurse is aware that which risk factor cannot be changed?

A)alcohol consumption
B)family heredity
C)overexposure to ultraviolet rays
D)smoking

Question 7

Which of these women are at greatest risk of developing breast cancer?

A)those who breast-fed infants for more than 1 year
B)those who experienced early menarche
C)those who had their first full-term pregnancy after age 30
D)those who have smoked for a year or more

Question 8

Which of these persons would be at greatest risk for developing skin cancer?

A)a fair-skinned female who has multiple nevi
B)a male with a family history of the disease
C)a female with freckles or birthmarks
D)a male who vacations at the beach once a year

Question 9

When teaching a client about the risk factors for prostate cancer,the nurse should include:

A)diet high in animal fat
B)recurrent viral infections
C)elevated bilirubin levels
D)history of multiple sexual partners

Question 10

The nurse is caring for a client with leukemia.The nurse is aware that this type of cancer originates in the:

A)blood-forming organs
B)connective tissue
C)epithelial tissue
D)infection-fighting organs

Question 11

When teaching a client about benign neoplasms,the nurse would state that:

A)They are able to multiply quickly and spread to distant body parts.
B)They are irregular in shape with fingerlike projections.
C)They are not cancerous and are usually harmless.
D)They are usually found in infection-fighting organs such as lymphatic tissue.

Question 12

The client asks the nurse to explain the statement "the uncontrolled growth of malignant cells." The nurse would determine that the BEST term for this statement is:

A)cancer
B)diabetes mellitus
C)sarcoidosis
D)toxoplasmosis

Question 13

When discussing risk factors of cancer with a client,the nurse can BEST describe carcinogens as:

A)biological agents used to treat certain cancers
B)chemical substances that initiate or promote the development of cancer
C)genetic predispositions that increase the risk of cancer
D)organic substances that reduce the risk of some types of cancer

Question 14

A client is diagnosed with cancer that occurs in the lymphatic system.The nurse is aware that this type of cancer is:

A)carcinoma
B)leukemia
C)lymphoma
D)sarcoma

Question 15

A client is diagnosed with cancer that occurs in the connective tissue.The nurse is aware that this type of cancer is:

A)carcinoma
B)leukemia
C)lymphoma
D)sarcoma

Question 16

Which of these statements about cancer is TRUE?

A)Clients who are diagnosed after metastasis has occurred usually have good prognoses.
B)Metastasis usually occurs when malignant cells multiply and spread to other body parts through the central nervous system.
C)Metastatic patterns resulting from the same type of cancer will differ from person to person.
D)Patterns of metastasis differ depending on the type of cancer.

Question 17

Cancers that occur in epithelial tissue such as skin are called:

A)carcinoma
B)leukemia
C)lymphoma
D)sarcoma

Question 18

Which of these women would be at greatest risk for developing cervical cancer?

A)one who had her first child at age 35
B)one who became sexually active at age 13
C)one who is overweight
D)one who avoids use of condoms during sexual intercourse

Question 19

The client is diagnosed with malignant neoplasms that have multiplied quickly and spread to distant body parts.The nurse is aware that this process is called:

A)cellular transition
B)metastasis
C)osmosis
D)transposition

Question 20

When describing neoplasms that become progressively worse and often result in death to a client,the nurse would be teaching about which type of neoplasm?

A)benign
B)leukemia
C)malignant
D)vesicles

Question 21

The nurse is monitoring a client receiving intravenous (IV)chemotherapy.The nurse knows that the treatment would be discontinued if which sign appears?

A)blood return in the tubing
B)itching at the infusion site
C)client anxiety
D)pain or swelling at the infusion site

Question 22

A client is undergoing chemotherapy.The nurse is aware that the drugs that inhibit the growth and reproduction of malignant cells are called:

A)antineoplastics
B)antivirals
C)biological response modifiers
D)inotropics

Question 23

The physician has ordered a serum test that can identify a substance indicating the possible presence of malignancy in the client.The nurse understands that this test is used to identify a:

A)biological response modifier
B)carcinogen
C)tumor marker
D)virus

Question 24

The nurse providing education for a client who is having external radiation therapy should include which of these points?

A)Side effects are usually minimal.
B)Hospitalization is required for the duration of treatment.
C)Radiation will eradicate cancer from the body.
D)Side effects may not occur until after treatment is completed.

Question 25

The client receiving chemotherapy asked the nurse how most anticancer drugs kill cancer cells.The nurse's response would include that the mechanism of action works by:

A)affecting DNA synthesis or function
B)damaging the plasma membrane and making the cell vulnerable to osmotic pressure
C)inhibiting cell-wall synthesis during active multiplication
D)inhibiting dependent RNA polymerase in susceptible cells,blocking protein synthesis

Question 26

Surgery that does not alter the course of disease but is effective in relieving symptoms in more advanced stages of cancer is classified as:

A)curative
B)elective
C)palliative
D)reconstructive

Question 27

When teaching a male client about the screening tools is used for prostate cancer,the nurse would include screening for which of the following in the teaching plan?

A)urine screen for protein
B)PSA-serum level
C)serum testosterone
D)complete blood count

Question 28

The nurse is aware that the MOST effective method of treating leukemia is:

A)blood transfusion
B)chemotherapy
C)radiation therapy
D)surgery

Question 29

A client is having radiation therapy following a mastectomy.Client education should emphasize which of the following?

A)increasing dietary fiber
B)screening her sons for prostate cancer
C)prohibiting exercise for 6 months
D)monitoring all female family members for breast cancer

Question 30

The client is receiving an agent that stimulates the body's natural immune system to control and destroy malignant cells.The nurse explains that this type of therapy is known as:

A)antineoplastics
B)antibiotics
C)biological response modifiers
D)inotropics

Question 31

Surgery that reestablishes function or improves cosmetic effect is classified as:

A)curative
B)elective
C)palliative
D)reconstructive

Question 32

The client receiving biological response modifiers to stimulate the body's natural immune response.The nurse is aware that a serious complication related to this treatment is:

A)anaphylaxis
B)extravasation
C)metastasis
D)vesicle formation

Question 33

The nurse is caring for a client who has a grade IV tumor.The nurse understands that this means which of the following?

A)The prognosis will depend on the location and size of the tumor.
B)Tumor cells have retained many of the identifiable tissue characteristics of the original cell.
C)The tumor is undifferentiated and the prognosis is poor.
D)The tumor is well differentiated and the prognosis is poor.

Question 34

The nurse is caring for a client receiving intravenous (IV)chemotherapy.The nurse notes the leakage of the chemotherapeutic drug from the vein into the surrounding tissues and is aware that this is which complication?

A)invasion
B)extraction
C)extravasation
D)intrusion

Question 35

A client is receiving intravenous (IV)chemotherapy.The nurse is aware that the chemotherapeutic agents are so irritating to tissues that they can cause blistering or necrosis.These types of chemotherapeutic agents are considered to be:

A)carcinogens
B)corticosteroids
C)scabicides
D)vesicants

Question 36

Surgery to heal or restore health is classified as:

A)curative
B)elective
C)palliative
D)reconstructive

Question 37

The nurse is caring for a client who undergoes a radical mastectomy for localized breast cancer.What type of surgery does this represent?

A)curative
B)elective
C)palliative
D)reconstructive

Question 38

Nursing care of a client receiving internal radiation would include which of these approaches?

A)having one primary nurse care for the client
B)having the client perform personal care activities without assistance
C)limiting time of exposure to the client
D)wearing gown and gloves when in the client's room

Question 39

A client who has end-stage colorectal cancer has an ileostomy and a central venous line.The surgery that constructed the ostomy is classified as:

A)curative
B)elective
C)palliative
D)reconstructive

Question 40

For a client receiving chemotherapy for cancer,the nurse is aware that the MOST important lab values to monitor during treatment is:

A)blood counts
B)drug levels
C)T4 and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
D)urine protein and pH

Question 41

A nurse is caring for a client receiving chemotherapy and notes that the platelet count is 10,000/mm³.Based on this information,the priority nursing intervention is to monitor:

A)level of consciousness
B)temperature
C)bowel sounds
D)skin turgor

Question 42

The nurse is providing education to a client who has hypercalcemia.Teaching should include which statement?

A)The client will retain large quantities of sodium.
B)The client is at increased risk for cardiac arrest.
C)The client will excrete calcium secondary to renal failure.
D)The client will have serum calcium levels less than 5 mg/dL.

Question 43

The nurse is caring for a client with superior vena cava syndrome.The nurse is aware that an appropriate nursing intervention for this condition would be:

A)providing a restful environment
B)closely monitoring intake and output
C)elevating client's feet and legs
D)placing the client in the Sims' position

Question 44

The nursing student is caring for a client with cancer of the abdomen.The client is experiencing the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen and dyspnea.The student nurse is aware that a complication of this type of cancer is:

A)ascites
B)anorexia
C)cachexia
D)stomatitis

Question 45

A nurse is providing education to a client receiving external radiation.The nurse acknowledges that the client needs further education if the client states the need to:

A)avoid exposure to sunlight
B)wash the skin with a mild soap and pat dry
C)apply pressure on the radiated area to prevent bleeding
D)eat a high-protein diet

Question 46

What is the MOST reliable indicator to use in determining a client's level of pain?

A)increased heart rate and blood pressure from baseline readings
B)nonverbal signals such as grimacing or diaphoresis during normal activities
C)the client's self-report of pain
D)the stage of the client's disease

Question 47

A nurse is caring for a client with cancer who is receiving chemotherapy.The client develops thrombocytopenia related to bone marrow dysfunction.The priority intervention for this client would be to monitor the:

A)client for skin infections
B)client's temperature
C)client for bleeding
D)client for pathological fractures

Question 48

The client with cancer is experiencing a state of malnutrition and loss of muscle mass caused by the cytokine production from a tumor.The nurse is aware that the client is exhibiting manifestations of what nutrition complication?

A)alopecia
B)anorexia
C)cachexia
D)wasting

Question 49

The client undergoing chemotherapy or radiation treatments is experiencing thinning or loss of hair.The nurse explains to the client that this reaction to the treatment is:

A)alopecia
B)ascites
C)cachexia
D)dysphagia

Question 50

The LPN is caring for a client who is receiving an intravenous (IV)infusion of chemotherapy.The client complains of pain at the insertion site during infusion.The LPN notes redness,swelling,and a decreased infusion rate.The LPN's MOST appropriate action would be to:

A)elevate the extremity of the IV site and slow the infusion
B)apply ice and maintain the infusion rate,as prescribed
C)administer pain medication to reduce the discomfort
D)notify the registered nurse

Question 51

A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of a bowel tumor.The physician has ordered several diagnostic tests.Which test does the nurse understand will confirm the diagnosis of malignancy?

A)magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
B)computerized tomography (CT)scan
C)abdominal ultrasound
D)biopsy of the tumor

Question 52

The nurse is providing teaching for health promotion related to the risk factors of gastric cancer.The nurse determines that a client needs additional teaching if the client states that which of the following is a risk factor for this type of cancer?

A)history of gastric polyps
B)history of heavy alcohol consumption
C)a diet of smoked,highly salted,and pickled foods
D)a diet of high-fiber and high-residue foods

Question 53

When medicating a client for cancer pain,the nursing goal should be to:

A)avoid the use of narcotics for as long as possible
B)give the correct amount of medication in relation to the client's level of pain
C)medicate the client within 10 minutes of each request for pain medication
D)prevent pain rather than treat it after its occurrence

Question 54

A nurse is caring for a client with laryngeal cancer.The nurse would expect which MOST common risk factor for this type of cancer to be documented in the client's history?

A)use of chewing tobacco
B)cigarette smoking
C)urban living
D)alcohol abuse

Question 55

A client has an insertion of an internal cervical radiation implant.When providing care,the nurse discovers the implant has come out.The MOST appropriate action for the nurse to take immediately is to:

A)call the physician
B)pick up the implant with gloved hands and flush it down the toilet
C)reinsert the implant into the vagina immediately
D)pick up the implant with long-handled forceps and place into a lead container

Question 56

Appropriate nursing interventions for a client with cachexia would include which of the following?

A)assisting in self-care activities to improve outward appearance
B)encouraging the client to eat any foods that are appealing
C)scheduling regular exercise time
D)providing a bland diet high in vitamins A and D

Question 57

Appropriate nursing actions for a client with dyspnea would include which of the following?

A)auscultating lungs every 4 hours
B)closing privacy curtains or room doors at all times
C)including regular periods for exercise
D)placing the client in the Sims' position

Question 58

The nurse is caring for a client with advanced-stage cancer.Which of the following is a medical emergency that occurs in these clients?

A)cardiac tamponade
B)pathological fractures
C)hypertension
D)ascites

Question 59

Nursing interventions for a client with cancer experiencing diarrhea secondary to treatment would include which of the following?

A)monitoring the client's calcium level
B)offering bananas and sports drinks
C)providing adult-size diapers
D)offering warm liquids frequently

Question 60

A client receiving radiation and chemotherapy for treatment of cancer might have a falling white cell count because of which of the following?

A)Cancer treatments kill both malignant and normal cells in bone marrow.
B)Infection commonly accompanies treatment.
C)Malignant cells are destroying white cells.
D)White cells decrease when no longer needed to fight cancer cells.

Question 61

In teaching the client about reducing the risk factors for the development of cancer,the nurse is aware that which of the following foods can have the greatest increase for the risk of cancer?

A)broccoli and cauliflower
B)fried foods
C)chicken and fish
D)cake and bread

Question 62

The nurse is caring for a client with cancer who has developed a low white blood cell count and is placed on neutropenic precautions.Which of the following menu selections would be the BEST selection for this client?

A)meatloaf
B)apple
C)salad with tomatoes
D)gelatin
E)medium-well hamburger
F)strawberries
G)mashed potatoes
H)Baked potato

Question 63

The nurse is aware that typical symptoms seen in clients diagnosed with prostate cancer are which of the following? (Select all that apply. )

A)dysuria
B)hematuria
C)painful intercourse
D)back pain
E)elevated temperature

Question 64

The nurse is conducting a health promotion program at a local hospital.The nurse determines that additional teaching is needed if a participant states that a risk factor associated with cancer is:

A)viral factors
B)stress
C)low-fat and high-fiber diets
D)exposure to radiation