Deck 35: Respiratory System

Question 1

The nurse notes the client experienced a temporary cessation of breathing while sleeping.The nurse would document this as "The client experienced periods of _____."

A)apnea
B)dyspnea
C)eupnea
D)tachypnea

Answer 1

apnea

Question 2

What is the purpose of the alveolar macrophages?

A)to produce mucus
B)to produce surfactant
C)to remove foreign particles
D)to release histamine

Answer 2

to remove foreign particles

Question 3

What is the movement of gases across the alveolar capillary membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration called?

A)diffusion
B)external respiration
C)perfusion
D)ventilation

Answer 3

diffusion

Question 4

When administering oxygen to clients with conditions such as emphysema,it is important for the nurse to remember that for these clients the:

A)drive to breathe may be dependent on low levels of oxygen in the blood
B)respiratory rate may be increased a great part of the time
C)intercostal muscles contract during inspiration,but fail to relax during expiration
D)lung stretch receptors may fail to monitor the patterns of breathing

Question 5

The nurse is aware that the movement of gases into and out of the lung is called:

A)diffusion
B)external respiration
C)perfusion
D)ventilation

Question 6

The flow of blood through the vessels of a specific organ or body part is called:

A)diffusion
B)external respiration
C)perfusion
D)ventilation

Question 7

What is the mechanism of gas exchange at the alveolar capillary membrane?

A)diffusion
B)filtration
C)osmosis
D)transference

Question 8

The respiratory tissues perform which of these functions?

A)diffusion
B)gas exchange
C)inhalation and exhalation
D)ventilation

Question 9

What is the primary site for gas exchange?

A)alveolar ducts
B)alveoli
C)bronchi
D)terminal bronchioles

Question 10

When blood within the pulmonary capillary network is oxygenated,it travels to the heart via which structure?

A)aorta
B)atrium
C)pulmonary vein
D)ventricle

Question 11

Which of these statements about the pressure within the pleural space is TRUE?

A)It is always changing to compensate for inhalation or exhalation.
B)It is greater than outside air.
C)It is less than outside air.
D)It is the same as atmospheric pressure.

Question 12

Collectively,what do the alveoli and the alveolar ducts resemble?

A)a cluster of grapes
B)a relief map
C)cancer cells
D)branches of a tree

Question 13

What is the function of type I alveolar cells?

A)diffusion
B)gas exchange
C)production of surfactant
D)ventilation

Question 14

What is the result of the difference between the pressure within the pleural space and the pressure of the outside air?

A)It allows the lungs to push oxygen out into the bloodstream.
B)It prevents the lungs from collapsing on exhalation.
C)It pulls air into the pleural space.
D)It pushes air from the pleural cavity into the lungs.

Question 15

How do the mucus of the goblet cells and the cilia of the conducting airways protect the respiratory system from invasion from foreign particles?

A)The cilia move large particles up and out,while the goblet cells neutralize the smaller particles and carry them out of the body.
B)The constant upward motion of the cilia propels the mucociliary blanket toward the pharynx where foreign matter may be expectorated.
C)The mucociliary blanket coats foreign bodies,which are then attacked by the immune system.
D)The mucociliary blanket traps foreign matter,which is moved toward the gastrointestinal tract by the cilia and expelled.

Question 16

The conducting airways are lined with which of the following?

A)surfactant
B)alveoli
C)cartilage
D)cilia

Question 17

Exchange of gases at the cellular level between tissue cells and blood is an example of:

A)diffusion
B)internal respiration
C)osmosis
D)perfusion

Question 18

When the nurse assesses the function that provides the body with a means of gas exchange,it includes an evaluation of:

A)diffusion
B)perfusion
C)respiration
D)ventilation

Question 19

Which of these routes delivers blood to the alveoli for gas exchange?

A)alveolar
B)bronchial
C)pleural
D)pulmonary

Question 20

What is the name of the transparent membrane covering the lungs?

A)alveolar capillary membrane
B)pericardium
C)pleura
D)viscera

Question 21

What is the main goal for the treatment of a client with pneumonia?

A)clearing of exudate from the airways and maintaining adequate oxygenation
B)educating the client on the causes of pneumonia
C)isolating the client during treatment to avoid spread of infection
D)maintaining adequate hydration and suppressing the cough reflex

Question 22

The nurse is caring for a client experiencing a respiratory pattern characterized by initially slow,shallow respirations increasing in rapidity and depth,followed by a gradual decrease until respiration stops for 10 to 20 seconds,which then repeats itself.The nurse would document this type of respiration as:

A)Biot's respirations
B)Cheyne-Stokes respirations
C)Kussmaul's respirations
D)tachypnea

Question 23

The nurse is caring for a client experiencing a respiratory pattern characterized by irregular periods of increased rate and depth of respiration.The nurse notes this in the client's record as:

A)Biot's respirations
B)Cheyne-Stokes respirations
C)Kussmaul's respirations
D)tachypnea

Question 24

Upon auscultation of breath sounds,a nurse hears a high pitched,whistlelike sound both on inspiration and expiration.These sounds are indicative of which of these conditions?

A)fluid accumulation in the lungs
B)inflammation of the pleura
C)obstructed or narrowed airways as in bronchospasm
D)obstruction due to secretions blocking the airway

Question 25

What breath sounds are heard over the sternum and last longer during expiration than during inspiration?

A)bronchial
B)bronchovesicular
C)tracheovesicular
D)vesicular

Question 26

For a client with acute upper respiratory tract infection,which of these diets is usually prescribed?

A)bland foods,such as coffee or ice cream,to avoid temperature extremes
B)NPO
C)clear liquid
D)normal

Question 27

Which of these presenting complaints is associated with the client who has pneumonia?

A)a high fever with sudden onset
B)a low fever with a nonproductive cough
C)difficulty breathing and loss of circulation in the extremities
D)painful,productive cough

Question 28

Which of these terms describes an insufficient amount of oxygen in the blood?

A)acrocyanosis
B)anoxia
C)cyanosis
D)hypoxemia

Question 29

Risk factors for the development of pneumonia include which of the following?

A)advanced age and immobility
B)children under age 10 with chronic conditions such as cystic fibrosis
C)dehydration and enteral feedings
D)hospitalization for another diagnosis

Question 30

Which of these tests are used to confirm a diagnosis of TB?

A)Mantoux skin test and urinalysis
B)chest X-ray and sputum culture
C)gastric analysis and patch test
D)blood culture and computerized tomography (CT)scan

Question 31

Which breath sounds are soft and low in pitch and may be inaudible on expiration?

A)bronchial
B)bronchovesicular
C)tracheovesicular
D)vesicular

Question 32

The nurse is aware that coarse crackles,sonorous and sibilant wheezes,pleural friction rub,and stridor are examples of which type of breath sounds?

A)adventitious
B)bronchial
C)bronchialvesicular
D)vesicular

Question 33

What is the MOST common source of chemical pneumonia?

A)aspiration of gastric contents
B)bacterial exposure
C)exposure to an infected individual
D)inhalation of irritating substances

Question 34

The nurse notes the client experienced labored or difficult breathing during morning activities.The nurse would document this as "The client experienced periods of _____."

A)apnea
B)dyspnea
C)eupnea
D)tachypnea

Question 35

Pharmacological treatment of active TB consists of:

A)a 6-week regime of isoniazid,rifampin,and pyrazinamide
B)a 6-month regime of isoniazid,rifampin,and pyrazinamide
C)intravenous (IV)antibiotics and isolation for a period of 2 weeks
D)a combination of IV and oral antibiotics for a period of 1 to 2 weeks

Question 36

Upon auscultation of breath sounds,a nurse hears popping noises on inspiration and expiration.These sounds are indicative of which of these conditions?

A)fluid accumulation in the lungs
B)inflammation of the pleura
C)obstructed or narrowed airways as in bronchospasm
D)obstruction due to secretions blocking the airway

Question 37

Which breath sounds are heard over the anterior third of the chest near the sternum and also around the scapular posteriorly,and have inspiration and expiration of equal duration?

A)bronchial
B)bronchovesicular
C)tracheovesicular
D)vesicular breath

Question 38

The nurse notes the client has bluish,grayish,and purplish discolorations of the skin.The nurse documents this as:

A)acrocyanosis
B)anoxia
C)cyanosis
D)hypoxemia

Question 39

Upon auscultation of breath sounds,a nurse hears grating noises on inspiration.These sounds are indicative of which of these conditions?

A)fluid accumulation in the lungs
B)inflammation of the pleura
C)obstructed or narrowed airways as in bronchospasm
D)obstruction due to secretions blocking the airway

Question 40

If a client has a positive skin test for tuberculosis (TB),the nurse knows this result indicates that the client:

A)needs further testing
B)has been infected with and has formed antibodies against tuberculosis
C)has been infected with tuberculosis and requires immediate treatment
D)has only been exposed to tuberculosis

Question 41

A client arrives in the emergency room stating inability to sleep,tightness in the chest,and difficulty breathing.Upon assessment,the nurse notes expiratory wheezes and dyspnea.Which action should the nurse take?

A)Administer oxygen via a Venturi mask,and initiate pulse oximetry monitoring until a health care provider is available to evaluate the client.
B)Allow the client to rest in the waiting area because the condition does not require immediate attention.
C)Find a health care provider who can immediately evaluate the client because symptoms indicate a severe asthma attack.
D)Notify a health care provider stat because the client requires immediate treatment for myocardial infarction and transfer to the cardiac care unit.

Question 42

Education for the client who has emphysema should include which of the following?

A)planning a low-protein,low-carbohydrate diet
B)supplemental oxygen administration at 6 L/min
C)administration of mucolytic agents
D)planning a graded exercise program

Question 43

What is the MOST common cause of atelectasis?

A)A bronchiole becomes blocked with secretions,and distal alveoli collapse.
B)Alveoli distal to the affected bronchiole become overdistended with trapped air,and they rupture.
C)Bronchi within the affected portion of the lung become chronically dilated.
D)Pressure inside the affected portion of the lung has become less than the pressure outside the body.

Question 44

Which of these conditions can occur if a pleural effusion is left untreated?

A)atelectasis
B)empyema
C)pleurisy
D)pulmonary edema

Question 45

Which of the following may predispose an individual to developing chronic bronchitis?

A)cigarette smoking
B)alcoholism
C)exposure to cold,damp air
D)heredity

Question 46

Which of these terms describes a condition in which the pleural exudate becomes infected?

A)bronchitis
B)emphysema
C)empyema
D)pleurisy

Question 47

Which of these terms describes an asthma attack that persists and does not respond to treatment?

A)asthma crisis
B)intrinsic asthma
C)persistent asthma
D)status asthmaticus

Question 48

What is the hallmark of pulmonary edema?

A)cough producing copious,frothy,blood-tinged sputum that often appears pinkish
B)orthopnea and cyanosis
C)severe dyspnea,tachypnea,and cyanosis
D)wheezing,dyspnea,and cyanosis

Question 49

Which of the following medications may be used to treat a relatively small pleural effusion?

A)aerosol treatments
B)narcotics such as morphine
C)corticosteroids such as prednisone
D)diuretics such as Lasix and Bumex

Question 50

Treatment of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)includes:

A)administration of surfactant therapy
B)clear liquid diet
C)administration of oxygen via a reservoir mask
D)supportive care until the underlying cause is found and treated

Question 51

The disorder in which chronic dilation of the bronchi results from pulmonary TB,chronic upper respiratory tract infections,or cystic fibrosis is called:

A)asthma
B)bronchiectasis
C)chronic bronchitis
D)pneumonia

Question 52

Which of the following describes the life-threatening condition that is characterized by a rapid shift of fluid from the plasma into the pulmonary interstitial tissue and the alveoli and that can occur as a result of severe left ventricular failure?

A)pneumothorax
B)pulmonary hypertension
C)pulmonary edema
D)pulmonary embolism

Question 53

Which of these diets is usually prescribed for a client who has bronchiectasis?

A)low calorie,low fat
B)low cholesterol,potassium restricted
C)high calorie,high carbohydrate
D)high protein,high fat

Question 54

Which of these medications is usually prescribed initially for a client who has developed a pulmonary embolism?

A)Activase
B)Coumadin
C)heparin
D)Lovenox

Question 55

For clients with atelectasis secondary to pneumothorax or pleural effusion,which of these treatments is indicated?

A)antibiotic therapy
B)mechanical ventilatory support
C)supplemental oxygen
D)thoracentesis or placement of thoracotomy tube

Question 56

What is the earliest symptom of emphysema?

A)barrel-shaped chest
B)dyspnea with activity
C)daily morning cough with clear sputum
D)ruddy complexion

Question 57

Which of the following factors may cause an episode of extrinsic asthma?

A)hospitalization
B)exercise
C)food additives
D)psychological factors

Question 58

Which of the following measures should the nurse take when caring for the hospitalized client with TB?

A)Double-bag and dispose of client secretions as infectious waste.
B)Wear gown,gloves,goggles,head cover,particulate respiratory mask,and shoe covers when entering the client's room.
C)Instruct the client to wear a surgical mask at all times.
D)Select reusable care items and keep them in the client's room.

Question 59

The condition in which the airways of the alveoli lose their elasticity,impeding air flow and trapping air in distal alveoli,is called:

A)asthma
B)chronic bronchitis
C)emphysema
D)pneumonia

Question 60

In which type of pneumothorax does air enter the pleural space with inspiration but is unable to exit with expiration?

A)closed
B)open
C)spontaneous
D)tension

Question 61

When a client is being treated for epistaxis,which protective equipment should the nurse wear?

A)gloves,goggles or face mask,and gown
B)gloves only
C)gloves and goggles
D)face mask and gown

Question 62

Which of these factors can cause a closed pneumothorax?

A)mechanical ventilation
B)gunshot wound
C)blunt trauma
D)emphysema

Question 63

What is the BEST method for preventing lung cancer?

A)annual physical examinations
B)smoking cessation,including exposure to secondhand smoke
C)protecting oneself in the workplace or at school from exposure to carcinogens such as asbestos
D)supporting efforts to decrease air pollution

Question 64

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing cancer of the larynx?

A)alcohol abuse
B)chronic respiratory tract infection
C)obesity
D)heredity

Question 65

A client who had a laryngectomy will be discharged soon.Which of the following approaches would BEST provide the nurse with necessary information about support and home care?

A)"Can you give me the number of the person who will be assisting you when you are discharged?"
B)"Who do you have at home to help you once you are discharged?"
C)"Will you have enough help at home when you are discharged?"
D)"You will be requiring some assistance when you go home,so I have called our social worker to talk to you later today and help you coordinate your needs."

Question 66

A client who has terminal lung cancer asks the nurse,"Have you ever seen anyone recover from this type of cancer?" Which of these responses should the nurse make?

A)"No,but I have seen many clients improve dramatically."
B)"You should focus on improving your health,not curing it."
C)"Never."
D)"Yes,I have."

Question 67

What are the initial symptoms of lung cancer?

A)dyspnea and blood-tinged sputum
B)none because symptoms develop late in the course of the disease
C)orthopnea and central cyanosis
D)pain with respiratory effort

Question 68

What is the purpose of an underwater seal for a thoracotomy tube?

A)to maintain a pressure consistent with pressure inside the lung itself
B)to prevent the negative pressure within the pleural space from pulling more air in through the chest tube
C)to reduce the pressure within the pleural space
D)to reduce the surface tension of the pleura

Question 69

A client has a tension pneumothorax,and a thoracotomy tube is placed.What is the MOST appropriate nursing goal for the client?

A)The client will complete an entire course of antibiotic therapy.
B)The client will have a respiratory rate and color within normal limits and clear breath sounds upon auscultation.
C)The client will increase activity without complaint or fatigue.
D)The client will verbalize an understanding of the disease process and its treatments.

Question 70

The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of influenza.The nurse would expect this client to be treated with which of the following antiviral medications? (Select all that apply. )

A)oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
B)albuterol sulfate (Ventolin)
C)amantadine (Symmetrel)
D)rimantadine (Flumadine)
E)hydrocortizone sodium succinate (Solu-Cortef)
F)zanamivir (Relenza)

Question 71

Immediate treatment of epistaxis would include:

A)administration of supplemental oxygen
B)cauterizing of nasal mucosa
C)compression of the nares
D)fluid and blood replacement

Question 72

Which type of pneumothorax is considered life-threatening?

A)spontaneous
B)tension
C)open
D)closed

Question 73

The nurse is caring for a client with a chest tube that has accidentally dislodged.Which of the following would be appropriate actions for the nurse to take? (Select all that apply. )

A)notify the physician
B)notify the client's family
C)cover the opening with a sterile dressing
D)cover the opening with petrolatum gauze
E)quickly reinsert the tube to prevent lung collapse
F)monitor for dyspnea

Question 74

Which of these terms describes the presence of blood within the pleural space?

A)hemothorax
B)pleural effusion
C)pleuritis
D)pneumothorax