Deck 36: Cardiovascular System

Question 1

A heart rate of 60 bpm or less is called:

A)ectopic beat
B)sinus bradycardia
C)flutter
D)asymptomatic bradycardia

Answer 1

sinus bradycardia

Question 2

The endothelium lining of the heart chambers and valves is called the:

A)endocardium
B)epicardium
C)myocardium
D)pericardium

Answer 2

endocardium

Question 3

Which of the following is a primary nursing goal when obtaining a health history from a client?

A)to determine why the client continues to participate in activities that are unhealthy
B)to incorporate the family into the client's care
C)to obtain psychosocial information about the client and family
D)to identify present and potential health problems

Answer 3

to identify present and potential health problems

Question 4

Which of these normally heard sounds is the simultaneous closing of the pulmonary and aortic valves and is heard on the right,second intercostal space?

A)S1
B)S2
C)S3
D)S4

Question 5

The nurse is providing counsel regarding diet to a client who has an atrial dysrhythmia.Which of these foods should the client be instructed to avoid?

A)fiber
B)cholesterol
C)fat
D)caffeine

Question 6

Blood leaves the heart through which of these structures?

A)arteries
B)capillaries
C)veins
D)vesicles

Question 7

What are the MOST common ectopic heartbeats?

A)premature ventricular contractions
B)ventricular asystole
C)ventricular fibrillation
D)ventricular tachycardia

Question 8

The double-walled sac that surrounds the heart is called the:

A)endocardium
B)epicardium
C)myocardium
D)pericardium

Question 9

A client reports awakening suddenly,sweating profusely,and having difficulty breathing.Which of these terms should the nurse record in the client's health history?

A)apnea
B)dyspnea
C)orthopnea
D)paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Question 10

Which of these factors,in combination with cigarette smoking,places a woman at greater risk for developing coronary artery disease?

A)alcohol abuse
B)a diet high in saturated fats
C)use of oral contraceptives
D)stress

Question 11

A sinus rhythm with a heart rate ranging from 100 to 150 bpm is called:

A)sinus bradycardia
B)flutter
C)fibrillation
D)tachycardia

Question 12

How is bradycardia usually treated?

A)administration of atropine
B)administration of epinephrine
C)beta blockers,calcium channel blockers,and digitalis
D)Valsalva's maneuvers

Question 13

All of the following are risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease.Which of these would be considered an alterable risk factor?

A)menopause
B)physical inactivity
C)high blood pressure
D)history of chest pain

Question 14

Which of these terms refers to the volume of blood pumped by the ventricle with each contraction?

A)cardiac output
B)polar output
C)pulmonary volume
D)stroke volume

Question 15

A client with deep vein thrombosis (DVT)may be asymptomatic or may have which of the following?

A)a positive Homans' sign
B)cyanosis of the entire leg
C)mottling of the leg or foot
D)cool temperature

Question 16

What is the usual treatment for tachycardia?

A)administration of atropine
B)administration of epinephrine
C)depends on cause
D)placement of a permanent pacemaker

Question 17

Which part of the electrocardiogram (EKG)represents the electrical impulse as it travels through the AV node?

A)P wave
B)QRS complex
C)ST segment
D)T wave

Question 18

Depolarization of which heart chamber pumps blood into the aorta and out to the entire body?

A)left atrium
B)left ventricle
C)right atrium
D)right ventricle

Question 19

The nurse notes a client's neck veins are distended when sitting upright.This finding is indicative of which of these conditions?

A)ascites
B)decreased renal output
C)pulmonary hypertension
D)right-sided heart failure

Question 20

Which of these normal heart sounds can BEST be heard on the left,fifth intercostal space close to the clavicle and occurs as the mitral and tricuspid valves close simultaneously?

A)S1
B)S2
C)S3
D)S4

Question 21

Which nursing intervention is included in the care of the client with pericarditis?

A)Use airborne precautions.
B)Assess the client for signs of cardiac tamponade.
C)Prepare the client for pacemaker implantation.
D)Monitor the client's apical and radial pulses.

Question 22

Which of these pharmacological interventions are used to treat myocarditis?

A)anti-inflammatory agents and antifungals
B)diuretics and analgesics
C)antivirals and antipyretics
D)digitalis preparations and broad-spectrum antibiotics

Question 23

Treatment of the client with ventricular fibrillation (VF)requires which of these measures?

A)a precordial thump
B)administration of lidocaine hydrochloride
C)CPR and immediate defibrillation
D)digoxin administration

Question 24

What is the MOST common cause of pericarditis?

A)bacteria
B)fungus
C)idiopathic disease
D)virus

Question 25

When the left ventricle is unable to effectively pump blood to body systems,as in left-sided heart failure,what is the impact on the right ventricle?

A)It continues to pump adequate quantities of blood.
B)It is unable to pump adequate quantities of blood.
C)It works harder,and hypertrophy of the right ventricle eventually results.
D)It works harder and initially results in no changes in cardiac output.

Question 26

Which of the following disorders results from when a lung condition interferes with the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the alveoli and right-sided heart failure develops?

A)cor pulmonale
B)endocarditis
C)left-sided heart failure
D)myocardial infarction

Question 27

A client is admitted with suspected myocardial infarction,with symptoms beginning approximately 3 hours ago.Results of which of these cardiac enzyme studies would confirm the diagnosis?

A)decreased CK levels
B)decreased LDH levels
C)increased troponin levels
D)increased LDH levels

Question 28

Temporary inadequate blood and oxygen supply to the myocardial tissues is called:

A)angina pectoris
B)cardiac tamponade
C)myocardial ischemia
D)myocarditis

Question 29

Which of these symptoms is associated with left-sided heart failure?

A)increased sputum production
B)cyanosis
C)increased blood pressure
D)edema of the ankles and lower legs

Question 30

The main goal of treatment for a client who has rheumatic fever is to:

A)alter electrical conduction within the heart
B)prepare for cardiac rehabilitation
C)prevent spread to others in the family
D)treat the inflammation

Question 31

Discharge teaching for a client who has a pacemaker implanted would include which of the following?

A)resuming a normal diet
B)resuming an active lifestyle,including contact sports
C)realizing the pacemaker may malfunction without notice
D)wearing a medical alert tag to indicate presence of a pacemaker

Question 32

During a routine medical exam a client reports feeling odd,with several episodes of chest pressure,shortness of breath,and numbness in both shoulders.The nurse should suspect the client has been experiencing:

A)angina pectoris
B)cardiac tamponade
C)myocardial ischemia
D)myocarditis

Question 33

Which of these drugs is MOST commonly used to treat premature ventricular contractions?

A)atropine
B)digoxin
C)Lasix
D)lidocaine hydrochloride

Question 34

Cardioversion should be done during which part of the electrocardiogram (EKG)wave?

A)P wave
B)R wave
C)ST segment
D)T wave

Question 35

Which area of the heart is MOST commonly affected by myocardial infarction (MI)?

A)left atrium
B)left ventricle
C)right atrium
D)right ventricle

Question 36

What is the MOST common cause of premature ventricular contractions?

A)alcohol abuse
B)coronary artery disease
C)excessive drug abuse
D)myocardial infarction

Question 37

Which of the following medications would be administered to a client in the initial treatment of myocardial infarction?

A)morphine sulfate and thrombolytic therapy
B)Coumadin and corticosteroids
C)digoxin and lidocaine
D)antihypertensives and antiemetics

Question 38

What is the MOST common cause of myocardial infarction?

A)atherosclerosis
B)hypertension
C)rheumatic heart disease
D)stress

Question 39

Cardiac rehabilitation programs for clients who had a myocardial infarction are critical for which of the following persons?

A)a 40-year-old man
B)a 40-year-old woman
C)a 55-year-old man
D)a 75-year-old man

Question 40

A client is receiving thrombolytic therapy following myocardial infarction.The nurse would monitor the client for evidence of which complications?

A)dysrhythmias and agitation
B)fever,dyspnea,and tingling in arms and hands
C)hematemesis and tarry stools
D)chest and foot pain

Question 41

Which of the following factors will influence a client's stroke volume and cardiac output? (Select all that apply. )

A)the amount of pressure within the ventricles
B)the strength of cardiac contraction
C)resistance of blood ejection from the ventricles
D)the amount of pressure within the atria
E)the number of beats per minute

Question 42

Client teaching in Raynaud's disease should include which of the following?

A)Avoid temperature extremes.
B)Decrease use of repetitive hand movements.
C)Get 8 to 10 hours of sleep per night.
D)Wear light-colored clothing during the summer.

Question 43

If a positive Homans' sign is detected during assessment,the nurse should not perform this assessment again until a clot has been ruled out for which reason?

A)It may cause an embolus.
B)It may cause a thrombus.
C)It would cause the client emotional distress.
D)It would cause the client severe pain.

Question 44

Which of the following statements about Buerger's disease is TRUE?

A)It affects women between 20 and 40 years old of Asian descent.
B)It can be cured by large doses of corticosteroids given early in the disease process.
C)It is an inflammatory disease of small and medium blood vessels,leading to vascular obstruction.
D)It is closely associated with thrombophlebitis.

Question 45

During a client's routine physical examination,an aortic aneurysm is detected.The client is distressed and says,"I know this is wrong because I don't have any symptoms or problems!" Which of these responses should the nurse make?

A)"Aneurysms are caused by a hereditary lack of elastin in the arterial wall.Have any relatives had this problem?"
B)"Aneurysms are often asymptomatic until they start leaking or pressing on other structures."
C)"Didn't you see the X-ray pictures of the aneurysm?"
D)"Why don't you seek a second opinion?"

Question 46

Primary Raynaud's disease is characterized by:

A)a localized dilation of a weakened section of the medial layer of an artery
B)association with a connective tissue or collagen vascular disease
C)incompetent valves and veins that have lost their elasticity
D)intermittent spasm of the digital arteries and arterioles,which results in decreased circulation to fingers and toes

Question 47

Client education for a client who has hypertension (HTN)would include avoiding which of the following foods?

A)cold cuts
B)bananas
C)yogurt and milk
D)oatmeal

Question 48

Discharge teaching for the client recuperating from thrombophlebitis would include which of the following?

A)elevating both legs when sitting
B)crossing legs when sitting
C)avoiding ambulation
D)limiting intake of fluids

Question 49

A nurse is teaching a client who has hypertension (HTN)the stepped-care approach to keeping blood pressure within normal limits.Which of the following is part of the first step in this regimen?

A)frequent rest periods during the day
B)use of antihypertensive medications
C)weight loss and dietary modifications
D)having family members checked for HTN

Question 50

Risk factors for hypertension (HTN)include which of the following?

A)Asian American heritage
B)lack of exercise
C)high socioeconomic status
D)peripheral vascular disease

Question 51

Nursing interventions for the client with hypertension (HTN)would include all of the following.Which would increase client satisfaction and compliance with the prescribed treatment regimen?

A)discussing possible sexual dysfunction in an open and candid manner
B)encouraging the client to actively participate in the treatment
C)reviewing records of the client's blood pressure readings and weight
D)making referrals to a dietitian,a smoking cessation clinic,stress-management seminars,and fitness centers

Question 52

Prior to elective surgery to repair an aneurysm,which of the following studies may be done?

A)cardiac catheterization or stress test
B)carotid arteries and peripheral vessels checked with Doppler ultrasound
C)angiogram,ultrasound,or computerized tomography (CT)scan
D)full-body X-ray studies

Question 53

Ninety-five percent (95%)of clients with hypertension (HTN)have essential HTN,which means that the cause of the HTN is:

A)atherosclerosis
B)hypernatremia
C)renal disease
D)unknown

Question 54

What is the purpose of performing a sympathectomy for clients with Buerger's disease?

A)to increase circulation to the distal portions of the limbs
B)to relieve pain and prevent vasospasm in the affected area
C)to prevent gangrene and the need for amputation of the digits
D)to prevent paresthesia and numbness of the hands and feet when at rest

Question 55

Secondary Raynaud's disease is characterized by:

A)a localized dilation of a weakened section of the medial layer of an artery
B)association with a connective tissue or collagen vascular disease
C)caused by incompetent valves and veins that have lost their elasticity
D)caused by intermittent spasms of the digital arteries and arterioles,which result in decreased circulation to fingers and toes

Question 56

The client diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT)would be started on which medication immediately?

A)aspirin
B)Coumadin
C)heparin
D)streptokinase (Streptase)

Question 57

Which of the following may cause an aneurysm to develop?

A)hypothyroidism
B)atherosclerosis
C)myocardial infarction
D)heart failure

Question 58

When conducting a nursing assessment of the vascular system,the nurse is alert for the presence of Virchow's triad,which includes pooling of blood,a coagulation problem,and:

A)edema
B)shortness of breath
C)hypertension
D)vessel trauma

Question 59

In a vein-stripping procedure to treat severe varicose veins,which of these actions is involved?

A)The leg is compressed for 6 weeks in a threshold erythema dose (T.E.D. )hose while anticoagulant therapy is given.
B)The vein is injected with a chemical that will cause the vein to sclerose.
C)The vein is tied off with a suture.
D)The vein walls are abraded by a wire with a "claw" on the end.

Question 60

Which type of medication would be used FIRST in treating hypertension (HTN)?

A)angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitors
B)beta-adrenergic blocking agents
C)diuretics
D)vasodilators

Question 61

The client is having a mitral value replacement done with robotic-assisted surgery.The benefits of this type of procedure include which of the following? (Select all that apply. )

A)minimal scarring
B)shorter hospital stay
C)shorter recovery period
D)decreased blood loss
E)decreased cost