Deck 23: Insertion and Maintenance of Intravenous Lines

Question 1

A patient with an IV complains of pain and tenderness at the IV site.The practitioner notes swelling at the IV site.Why should these findings be investigated thoroughly?

A)The IV has infiltrated
B)Cellulitis is developing in the surrounding tissue
C)The possibility of thrombus formation
D)Inflammation of the vein

Answer 1

The possibility of thrombus formation

Question 2

A patient is admitted to the MICU with a closed head injury with cerebral edema.What type of IV solution will cause water to be drawn from inside the cell and into the vascular space and is desirable in cases of cerebral edema?

A)Hypotonic solution
B)Hypertonic solution
C)Isotonic solution
D)Lactated Ringer's solution

Answer 2

Hypertonic solution

Question 3

The patient complains of tenderness at the IV site in his lower arm.The practitioner notes swelling and redness at the IV site.The site feels very warm but the IV is still running.What is the most likely cause of these findings?

A)Infiltration of the IV
B)A thrombus in the vessel
C)Cellulitis of the tissues
D)An air embolism has developed

Answer 3

Cellulitis of the tissues

Question 4

What happens when the fluid or medication that is being infused through an IV leaks out of the blood vessel that was cannulated?

A)Infection
B)Infiltration
C)Thrombosis
D)Cellulitus

Question 5

When applying a tourniquet to help with the insertion of an IV on a patient,where should the tourniquet be placed?

A)Proximal to the intended insertion site
B)Distal to the intended insertion site
C)Over the insertion site
D)A tourniquet should never be used except when inserting an arterial line

Question 6

Which of the following solutions is/are the most desirable for maintaining a normal environment for cellular function?

A)Hypotonic solution
B)Hypertonic solution
C)Isotonic solution
D)Lactated Ringer's solution

Question 7

What is the advantage of an isotonic solution?

A)It will cause water to be drawn from inside the cell and into the vascular space
B)There is very little if any net movement of fluid into or out of the cells
C)It will result in a net movement of water from the vascular space to inside the cell
D)It will allow the IV fluids to be compatible for mixing with other medications

Question 8

What is inflammation of the vein called?

A)Phlebitis
B)Cellulitis
C)Thrombosis
D)Arteriosclerosis

Question 9

What does the medical abbreviation 'prn' mean after an order for administer a medication to a patient?

A)Immediately
B)Per nebulizer
C)As needed
D)Drop

Question 10

If a blood pressure cuff is used as a tourniquet,how should the cuff be inflated?

A)To the maximum pressure of the cuff.
B)It is inflated to a pressure 20 to 30-mm Hg below the systolic pressure.
C)The same as the patient's diastolic pressure.
D)To 20 to 30 mmHg.

Question 11

A 0.225% NaCl solution is classified as which type of solution?

A)Hypotonic solution
B)Hypertonic solution
C)Isotonic solution
D)Lactated Ringer's solution

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a hypertonic solution?

A)0.9% NaCl
B)Plasma
C)Mannitol
D)0.225% NaCl

Question 13

What is the purpose of a tourniquet when attempting to start an IV on a patient?

A)It will stop the flow of fluids so that there will be no waste of fluids during the insertion of the IV
B)It stops the flow of the blood through the patient's arteries so there will be no blood loss during insertion of the IV
C)It causes the veins of the arm to distend and become engorged with blood
D)It causes the patient to not feel any irritation or pain during the insertion of the IV

Question 14

With some medical conditions,a tourniquet cannot be applied to the patient's arm.Which of the following are conditions where tourniquet application should not be applied?

A)A shunt for renal dialysis
B)A previous mastectomy
C)A vein on the non-dominant arm
D)a and b

Question 15

What is the preferred IV site on an adult patient?

A)The smallest artery that can be accessed
B)In the radial artery of the non-dominant hand
C)The temporal vein
D)A vein on the non-dominant hand or arm of the patient

Question 16

What is an IV solution called that has the same tonicity as measured by solute concentration?

A)Hypotonic solution
B)Lactated Ringer's solution
C)Hypertonic solution
D)Isotonic solution

Question 17

What is another name for 0.9% sodium chloride in water?

A)Normal or physiologic saline
B)Lactated Ringer's solution
C)D5W
D)Plasma

Question 18

A patient has been brought to the emergency department suffering from heat exhaustion and dehydration.Which of the following fluids would enhance the function of cells that are hampered owing to the absence of necessary intracellular fluid?

A)Hypotonic solution
B)Hypertonic solution
C)Isotonic solution
D)Lactated Ringer's solution

Question 19

A patient with pneumonia has an IV started to administer antibiotics.After 24 hours the patient develops a hematoma at the IV site.Which of the following is the most likely cause of this complication?

A)Infiltration of the IV
B)Thrombus in the vessel
C)Inflammation of the surrounding tissue
D)Inflammation of the vein

Question 20

After starting an IV,the practitioner is concerned about preventing an air embolism.Which of the following will best prevent an air embolism in the patient?

A)Maintaining the IV bag in an upright position at all times
B)Ensuring that all air is removed before the tubing is connected to the catheter
C)Running the intravenous infusion at a normal rate.
D)a and b

Question 21

What happens to the small air bubbles that pass through the IV tubing and enter into the patient?

Question 22

You are asked to start an IV on a 94 year-old,115 lb (52.3 kg)patient.What precautions,if any,should you take with this geriatric patient?

Question 23

During insertion of an IV,the practitioner re-inserts the metal needle back into the catheter.What complication can be caused by this?

A)Air embolism
B)Phlebitis
C)Catheter shear
D)Cellulitis

Question 24

A patient needs to have an IV started for the administration of fluids because of dehydration.The practitioner gathers the equipment needed to start the IV.What personal protective equipment (PPE)should the practitioner gather?
I.Hair cover
II.Gloves
III.Mask
IV.Protective eyewear
V.Shoe covers

A)I,II,III
B)II,III,IV
C)II only
D)I,IV,V

Question 25

What is the purpose of transparent dressings on a IV?

Question 26

Which of the following does NOT need to be monitored once an IV infusion is established?

A)How the tourniquet is being used
B)The rate of infusion of the IV fluids
C)The IV site be monitored
D)The fluid level in the IV bag

Question 27

What abbreviation/term refers to the rate of IV fluid administration just fast enough to keep the infusion running and to prevent a clot from forming in the catheter?

A)TKO
B)KVO
C)NPO
D)a or b

Question 28

If 1 liter of lactated ringers needs to be administered to the patient in 4 hours by an infusion set that delivers 10 drops/ml,how many drops/min need to be delivered to the patient?

A)84 gtt/min
B)42 gtt/min
C)20 gtt/min
D)100 gtt/min