Deck 27: Blood

Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a leukocyte?

A) Monocyte
B) Thrombocyte
C) Platelet
D) Erythrocyte

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A hematocrit of 56% would be an indication of:

A) leukocytosis.
B) anemia.
C) leukemia.
D) polycythemia.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which types of white blood cells play a major role in immunity to infectious diseases?

A) Monocytes
B) Eosinophils
C) Lymphocytes
D) Basophils

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Blood volume per kilogram of body weight varies inversely with:

A) skeletal volume.
B) body fat.
C) water weight.
D) height.

Question 5

Which of the following cell types are classified as agranulocytes?

A) Neutrophils and monocytes
B) Basophils and lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils and basophils
D) Lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 6

Under the microscope, erythrocytes appear as:

A) biconcave disks without nuclei.
B) circular disks with centrally located nuclei.
C) circular disks with several nuclei.
D) oval disks with multilobed nuclei.

Question 7

Which of the following cell types can carry oxygen?

A) Leukocyte
B) Thrombocyte
C) Platelet
D) Erythrocyte

Question 8

Erythropoiesis is the formation of:

A) platelets.
B) red blood cells.
C) white blood cells.
D) all of the above.

Question 9

Which of the following is(are) involved in determining a person's total blood volume?

A) Age
B) Body type
C) Sex
D) All of the above

Question 10

Which types of white blood cells are thought to play a role in the prevention of clotting?

A) Eosinophils
B) Monocytes
C) Basophils
D) Neutrophils

Question 11

Which mature cell has no nucleus, mitochondria, or ribosomes?

A) Erythrocyte
B) Leukocyte
C) Platelet
D) Neutrophil

Question 12

A hematocrit of 40% means that in every 100 ml of whole blood, there are:

A) 40 red blood cells and the remainder is fluid plasma.
B) 40 ml of fluid plasma and 60 ml of red blood cells.
C) 40 ml of red blood cells and 60 ml of fluid plasma.
D) 2 liters (40% of 5 liters total) of fluid plasma.

Question 13

Heme is broken down into what pigment, which is excreted in bile?

A) Amino acids
B) Iron
C) Bilirubin
D) Melanin

Question 14

In the formation of blood cells, the megakaryoblast ultimately develops into:

A) lymphocytes.
B) platelets.
C) monocytes.
D) both A and B.

Question 15

A normal adult red blood cell count ranges from _____ million/cubic mm.

A) 4.2 to 6.2
B) 5.5 to 6.5
C) 6.5 to 7.5
D) 7.5 to 8.5

Question 16

Which of the following is not a leukocyte?

A) Basophil
B) Reticulocyte
C) Neutrophil
D) Monocyte

Question 17

Erythropoietin is a hormone:

A) released by the kidney to stimulate red blood cell formation.
B) released by the liver to stimulate red blood cell formation.
C) released by the kidney to stimulate red and white blood cell formation.
D) that causes the recycling of iron for production of red blood cells.

Question 18

Carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate ions because of a chemical reaction catabolized by the enzyme:

A) albumin.
B) fibrinogen.
C) carbonic anhydrase.
D) globulin.

Question 19

Many types of blood cells are produced in the:

A) liver.
B) red bone marrow.
C) spleen.
D) pancreas.

Question 20

All blood cells are derived from:

A) reticulocytes.
B) proerythroblasts.
C) basophilic erythroblasts.
D) hemocytoblasts.

Question 21

The major ingredient in hemoglobin that allows oxygen to be transported is:

A) sodium.
B) zinc.
C) iron.
D) copper.

Question 22

Which of the following does not hasten clotting?

A) Rough spot in the endothelium
B) Abnormally slow blood flow
C) Heparin
D) All of the above hasten clotting.

Question 23

Which of the following are not found in the buffy coat?

A) Erythrocytes
B) Leukocytes
C) Thrombocytes
D) All of the above are found in the buffy coat.

Question 24

Thrombocytes are involved with:

A) blood clotting.
B) body defense.
C) transport of glucose.
D) transport of oxygen.

Question 25

Which type of protein constitutes more than half of the total proteins in blood plasma?

A) Globulin
B) Fibrinogen
C) Albumin
D) Heme

Question 26

Which of the following is an anticoagulant?

A) Calcium ions
B) Vitamin K
C) Thromboplastin
D) Heparin

Question 27

Which of the following are the most proficient at phagocytosis in the tissues?

A) Neutrophils and basophils
B) Lymphocytes and eosinophils
C) Basophils and monocytes
D) Neutrophils and monocytes

Question 28

In the formation of a clot, the insoluble network of fine threads in which the cellular elements of blood are trapped is called:

A) fibrinogen.
B) fibrin.
C) thrombin.
D) thromboplastin.

Question 29

Which plasma protein plays an important role in blood clotting?

A) Fibrinogen
B) Albumin
C) Globulin
D) Plasminogen

Question 30

A person with only antibody B in his or her plasma would have which blood type?

A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O

Question 31

The function of blood is to:

A) carry food to the cells.
B) remove waste from the cells.
C) assist the body in temperature regulation.
D) do all of the above.

Question 32

Which factor in the clotting process is the Christmas factor?

A) IV
B) VIII
C) IX
D) X

Question 33

Calcium is used in the clotting process during:

A) stage I.
B) stage II.
C) stages I and II.
D) neither stage I nor stage II.

Question 34

People with type AB blood are considered universal recipients because their blood:

A) does not contain the Rh antigen.
B) does not contain either anti-A or anti-B antibodies.
C) is absent of both antigen A and antigen B in the red blood cells.
D) Both B and C are correct.

Question 35

Which of the following Rh factor combinations could cause agglutination of an infant's red blood cells?

A) Mother-, father+, infant+
B) Mother-, father-, infant-
C) Mother+, father-, infant+
D) Mother+, father+, infant-

Question 36

Which of the following statements is not true of plasma?

A) It is about 90% water.
B) It contains both electrolytes and nonelectrolytes.
C) It contains both colloids and crystalloids.
D) All of the above statements are true of plasma.

Question 37

Which factor in the clotting process is the antihemophiliac factor?

A) IV
B) VIII
C) IX
D) X

Question 38

In stage II of clot formation, prothrombin is converted to:

A) fibrin.
B) fibrinogen.
C) thrombin.
D) thromboplastin.

Question 39

Which of the following formed elements assist in coagulation?

A) Leukocytes
B) Erythrocytes
C) Thrombocytes
D) Monocytes

Question 40

Which plasma protein plays an important role in the immune system?

A) Fibrinogen
B) Albumin
C) Globulin
D) Plasminogen

Question 41

If you give a "unit" of blood in a blood drive and you are an average-sized adult, you have given about what percent of your blood?

A) 1%
B) 5%
C) 10%
D) 15%

Question 42

Which white blood cell contains granules filled with histamine?

A) Eosinophil
B) Neutrophil
C) Basophil
D) Monocyte

Question 43

When whole blood is spun down in a centrifuge, the buffy coat can be found:

A) between the plasma and red blood cells.
B) at the very top of the test tube.
C) at the very bottom of the test tube.
D) in the plasma below the water but above the soluble proteins.

Question 44

One hemoglobin molecule contains:

A) one molecule of heme.
B) one molecule of globin.
C) four iron atoms.
D) all of the above.

Question 45

The presence of spectrin in the red blood cell makes it:

A) better able to carry oxygen.
B) more flexible.
C) better able to carry carbon dioxide.
D) able to produce hemoglobin.

Question 46

Which is not an end product of the breakdown of hemoglobin?

A) Amino acids
B) Bilirubin
C) Free oxygen
D) Iron

Question 47

A hematocrit value of 38 ml/100 ml of blood would be:

A) the average for a man.
B) in the low normal range for a woman.
C) in the high normal range for a woman.
D) in the low normal range for a man.

Question 48

Which characteristic of blood makes it especially effective in temperature regulation?

A) Low specific heat capacity
B) High specific heat capacity
C) High evaporative potential
D) Both A and C

Question 49

Which white blood cell helps protect against parasitic worms?

A) Eosinophil
B) Neutrophil
C) Basophil
D) Monocyte

Question 50

Which of the following is not true of white blood cells?

A) More brightly colored than red blood cells
B) Larger than red blood cells
C) Contain a nucleus
D) All of the above are true of white blood cells.

Question 51

The most mature developing red blood cell that still contains a nucleus is a:

A) reticulocyte.
B) polychromic erythroblast.
C) basophilic erythroblast.
D) proerythroblast.

Question 52

What part of the hemoglobin molecule combines with carbon dioxide?

A) Globin
B) Heme
C) Iron atoms
D) Hemoglobin does not combine with carbon dioxide.

Question 53

Which is not a formed element of the blood?

A) Albumin
B) Platelet
C) Erythrocyte
D) Neither A nor B are formed elements of the blood.

Question 54

Which of the following is not an agranulocyte?

A) Monocyte
B) Lymphocyte
C) Eosinophil
D) All of the above are agranulocytes.

Question 55

The sequence of developmental steps in the formation of red blood cells beginning with hematopoietic stem cells is:

A) proerythroblasts, polychromic erythroblasts, basophilic erythroblasts, and reticulocytes.
B) proerythroblasts, reticulocytes, polychromic erythrocytes, and basophilic erythrocytes.
C) proerythroblasts, basophilic erythroblasts, polychromic erythroblasts, and reticulocytes.
D) polychromic erythroblasts, basophilic erythroblasts, proerythroblasts, and reticulocytes.

Question 56

Some white blood cells are capable of diapedesis, which means they can:

A) "eat" bacteria or damaged cells.
B) migrate out of blood vessels into tissue spaces.
C) engage in protein synthesis because they have a nucleus.
D) change from one type of white blood cell to another.

Question 57

Which are the only cells in the differentiation process of red blood cells that can be found circulating in the blood?

A) Proerythrocytes
B) Reticulocytes
C) Basophilic erythrocytes
D) Polychromic erythrocytes

Question 58

The approximate blood volume in a human can be determined by using:

A) the direct method.
B) the indirect method.
C) a radioisotope.
D) both B and C.

Question 59

Whole blood constitutes about what percent of total body weight?

A) 0.8%
B) 5.3%
C) 8%
D) Between 12% and 15%, depending on body type

Question 60

Which of the following substances is not secreted by platelets?

A) ATP
B) Thromboxane
C) Arachidonic acid
D) All of the above are secreted by platelets.

Question 61

How does the body benefit from the breakdown of aged or damaged red blood cells?

A) The by-products of bilirubin are excreted into the intestine and decrease the digestive process.
B) Globin is released as vitamin K and can be used for clotting.
C) The breakdown increases erythropoiesis, which results in an increase in red blood cells.
D) Globin is converted to amino acids and used as an energy source or for protein building.

Question 62

Another term for plasma is interstitial fluid.

Question 63

In men red blood cell counts average about 4,800,000 per cubic millimeter of blood.

Question 64

Monocytes are polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Question 65

A person with an antigen on the red blood cell and a different antibody in the plasma would have which blood type?

A) A
B) AB
C) O
D) Both A and C

Question 66

Diapedesis is a process of phagocytosis and release of cytotoxic chemicals.

Question 67

What substance does not assist in the formation of a blood clot?

A) Fibrinogen
B) Plasmin
C) Vitamin K
D) All of the above assist in the formation of a blood clot.

Question 68

A person with no antibodies in the blood plasma would have which blood type?

A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O

Question 69

The less fat in the body, the more blood there is per unit of body weight.

Question 70

Direct measurements of total blood volume involve the "tagging" of red blood cells or plasma components with radioisotopes.

Question 71

A woman could have Rh antibodies in her blood if:

A) Rh+ blood was given in a transfusion.
B) an Rh+ fetus was developing within.
C) RhoGAM was given.
D) both A and B occurred.

Question 72

Which of the following statements is not true of platelets?

A) They develop from megakaryoblasts.
B) They release substances that cause vasoconstriction.
C) They have a life span of about 7 days.
D) All of the above statements are true of platelets.

Question 73

A person with no antigens on the red blood cell would have which blood type?

A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O

Question 74

Eosinophils are the least numerous of the white blood cells, numbering only 0.5% to 1% of the total leukocyte count.

Question 75

Which of the following statements is not true of hemoglobin?

A) Each red blood cell has between 200 million and 300 million molecules of hemoglobin.
B) The hemoglobin in a red blood cell makes up about 70% of the cell's dry weight.
C) It has four globin and four heme chains in each molecule.
D) All of the above statements are true of hemoglobin.

Question 76

After Martha's baby was born, why did the physician apply a gauze dressing for a short time on the umbilical cord and give the baby a dose of vitamin K?

A) Newborns do not have any platelets for the first 3 months and will bleed freely unless actions are taken to prevent bleeding.
B) Newborns often show elevated platelet counts at birth, and both of the actions taken by the physician will help the umbilical cord stop bleeding.
C) The physician knew that the baby would need vitamin K to replace the red blood cells lost during delivery.
D) Newborns often have a reduced number of platelets, which are needed to clot blood, and both of the actions taken by the physician will help the umbilical cord stop bleeding.

Question 77

What substance involved in the process of blood clot formation is not made by the liver?

A) Fibrinogen
B) Prothrombin
C) Vitamin K
D) All of the above are made by the liver.

Question 78

Blood constitutes about 4% of total body weight.

Question 79

Erythropoietinogen is released primarily by the kidneys.

Question 80

The survival of red blood cells depends on their ability to change their shape.