Deck 6: Critical Theories: Marxist, Conflict, and Feminist

Question 1

_____ focused on social life as a continual struggle to maintain or improve one's group interests,with interest groups continually forming and disbanding as conflicts arise and are resolved.

A) Barbara Sims
B) George Vold
C) Karl Marx
D) Willem Bonger

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Marx and Engels' statement that crime was simply the product of unjust and alienating social conditions came to be known as the _____ hypothesis.

A) Primitive rebellion
B) Proletariat rebellion
C) Primitive revolution
D) Proletariat revolution

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Anne Campbell has attempted to account for gender differences in crime rates by using the logic of evolutionary history in her _____ hypothesis.

A) Emancipation
B) Gender Equality
C) Masculinization
D) Staying Alive

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Left realists are distinguished from Marxists by their emphasis on:

A) Practical social policy implications.
B) The material conditions of people's lives.
C) The struggle between the bourgeoisie and proletariat.
D) Their view that crime originates in power inequalities.

Question 5

Freda Adler suggested that as females increasingly adopt male roles in society,they will become as crime-prone as men,in what is known as the ____ hypothesis.

A) Emancipation
B) Gender Equality
C) Masculinization
D) Staying Alive

Question 6

The name most closely associated with peacemaking criminology is _____.

A) Karl Marx
B) George Vold
C) Richard Quinney
D) Willem Bonger

Question 7

In Marxist thought,the owners of the means of production are known as the _____.

A) Bourgeoisie
B) Lumpenproletariat
C) Proletariat
D) Revolutionaries

Question 8

_____ criminology argues that an overemphasis on punishing criminals escalates violence.

A) Conflict
B) Feminist
C) Marxist
D) Peacemaking

Question 9

One of the central concepts in Marxist thought is that _____ will determine what people know,believe,value,and how they will behave.

A) Anomie
B) The primitive rebellion
C) The material conditions of life
D) Social sentiments

Question 10

_____ is known as the more reform-minded "practical" arm of Marxism.

A) Conflict Criminology
B) Feminism
C) Left-Realism
D) Peacemaking Criminology

Question 11

The ____ problem refers to the universal fact that women are far less likely than men to involve themselves in criminal activity.

A) Emancipation
B) Gender ratio
C) Gender inequality
D) Generalizability

Question 12

Karl Marx and Freidrich Engels used which term to refer to the lowest class of society,which they saw as "the dangerous class,the social scum"?

A) Bourgeoisie
B) Lumpenproletariat
C) Proletariat
D) Revolutionaries

Question 13

The _____ problem refers to the question of whether traditional male-centered theories of crime apply to women.

A) Emancipation
B) Gender ratio
C) Gender inequality
D) Generalizability

Question 14

Peacemaking criminology advocates _____ in response to crime.

A) Corporal Punishment
B) Imprisonment
C) Restorative Justice
D) The Overthrow of Capitalism

Question 15

_____ justice is a system of mediation and conflict resolution that is focused on repairing the harm that has been caused by crime.

A) Emancipatory
B) Modified Punitive
C) Proletarian
D) Restorative

Question 16

_____ is known for arguing that conflict is rooted in multiple aspects of social life,not just economic struggle.

A) Freidrich Engels
B) Karl Marx
C) Max Weber
D) Willem Bonger

Question 17

Willem Bonger is a well-known _____ criminologist.

A) Feminist
B) Left Realist
C) Marxist
D) Peacemaking

Question 18

The ____ hypothesis argues that as women are increasingly involved in the workforce,they will have more opportunities to commit job-related crime.

A) Emancipation
B) Gender Equality
C) Masculinization
D) Staying Alive

Question 19

Marxist criminologists advocate _____ in response to crime.

A) Corporal Punishment
B) Imprisonment
C) Restorative Justice
D) The Overthrow of Capitalism

Question 20

The _____ perspective of criminology encompasses Marxism,conflict,and feminist theories.

A) Chicago
B) Classical
C) Conspiracy
D) Critical

Question 21

Marxist criminologists often view that the "real" crimes in society are violations of human rights,such as racism and sexism,whereas those acts commonly referred to as "crime" are natural outgrowths of class struggle.

Question 22

_____ is a condition that entails the estrangement or distancing of individuals from something,such as another person,society in general,or the products of their labor.

A) Alienation
B) Altruism
C) Emancipation
D) Patriarchy

Question 23

Left realism seeks to translate _____ theory into practical,realistic social policies.

A)Conflict
B) Feminist
C) Labeling
D) Marxist

Question 24

Conflict theory focuses on the social structural elements that lead to conflict,rather than the processes of value conflict.

Question 25

Bonger's concept of altruism refers to a concern only for one's own selfish interests.

Question 26

A woman obtains a job as a sales representative.She realizes that when she works late at night,there is little oversight,and she could easily steal from the cash register without detection.This is an example of the _____ hypothesis.

A) Emancipation
B) Gender-ratio
C) Masculinization
D) Staying alive

Question 27

Left realism is an approach that attempts to translate radical ideas into realistic social policy.

Question 28

A major criticism of critical theories is that they ignore the role of power relationships in explaining crime.

Question 29

The gender gap in crime rates tends to be the widest for drug offenses and other minor crimes.

Question 30

Conflict theory shares with labeling theory the idea crime is a social construct with no intrinsic meaning.

Question 31

Max Weber viewed cultural ideas and beliefs as being molded entirely by the economic systems of society.

Question 32

A major critique of _____ is that its view of crime as a social construct may not give proper recognition to mala in se crimes.

A) Conflict
B) Feminist
C) Marxism
D) Peacemaking criminology

Question 33

There is still no theory of crime that is entirely female-specific,leaving feminist criminologists to focus on descriptive studies of crime,or on crime-specific "mini-theories."

Question 34

George Vold views conflicts of interest as important in the understanding of criminal behavior.

Question 35

Karl Marx and his collaborator,Freidrich Engels,wrote extensively on the topics of crime and crime causation.

Question 36

According to Marx,the lumpenproletariat would not play a decisive role in the expected revolution.

Question 37

Research has supported that capitalism is associated with higher crime rates than socialism.

Question 38

Restorative justice brings victims and offenders together to negotiate a mutually satisfactory way of correcting the wrong that has been committed.

Question 39

In Marxist theory,which of the following terms was used to refer to the oppressed working class?

A) Bourgeoisie
B) Lumpenproletariat
C) Proletariat
D) Revolutionaries

Question 40

The conflict perspective views criminal behavior,the law,and subsequent penalties as originating in the inequalities of power and resources existing in the society.

Question 41

Gender (being male)is the single best predictor of criminal behavior.

Question 42

Compare and contrast the core arguments and the policy implications of Marxist criminology and peacemaking criminology.

Question 43

Identify one critique of Marxist criminology.

Question 44

What is the generalizability problem in feminist criminology?

Question 45

Describe the foci and arguments of feminist criminology; explain what feminist theorists have contributed to our understandings of crime; and identify some of the weaknesses or challenges of feminist criminology.

Question 46

What is the central argument of Anne Campbell's "staying alive hypothesis"?

Question 47

Describe George Vold's contributions to conflict theory.Based on this framework,what should be done to alleviate crime? Support your answer with what you have learned in the textbook.

Question 48

What is the "lumpenproletariat"?

Question 49

Identify the main tenets of conflict theory.Do you think that this theory has any practical policy implications in our efforts to reduce crime? Support your answer with information that you have learned in this class.

Question 50

Briefly describe the emancipation hypothesis.

Question 51

According to Marx,which two parties are involved in class struggle?

Question 52

Briefly describe peacemaking criminology.

Question 53

What is the gender ratio problem in criminology?