Deck 6: Bringing up Baby

Question 1

According to the text,how do sociologists define socialization?

A) the ability to interact with people and have a good time socially
B) the process of passing on to new members a culture's ways of thinking and acting
C) the social principles accepted by a society as a whole or by a group within that society
D) cultural rules that tell us what, where, when, how, and why we should do something

Answer 1

B

Question 2

According to the text,what happens,on average,to children from divorced families?

A) They do not do as well as children living with both biological parents.
B) They do better in school than children whose fathers have died.
C) They have better social skills than children from two-parent families.
D) They have fewer behaviour problems than children from two-parent families.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

How do the largest group of children grow up?

A) in families with two heterosexual parent figures
B) in families with both biological parents
C) in families with a lone parent, usually a mother
D) in families with stepparents

Answer 3

A

Question 4

According to the text,in the 1900s,what often happened to poor children?

A) They were employed in street trades order to help their families.
B) They were kept home from school because they were treated badly there.
C) They received luxuries because they were emotionally priceless.
D) They were raised according to scientific standards recommended by psychologists.

Question 5

According to the text,which of the following statements is NOT true of children in high-conflict families?

A) Children in all types of families fare badly if there is high conflict.
B) Children, even in high-conflict families, usually do worse following divorce.
C) Adolescents don't do well if they are caught in their parents' tug-of-war.
D) Children often do better once high-conflict parents separate.

Question 6

According to the text,what does the experience of the Dionne family illustrate?

A) the best methods of raising children today
B) the neglect experienced by children in large families
C) the intrusion of experts into family life
D) the sensitivity to minority traditions of child rearing

Question 7

According to the text,which of the following does NOT appear to be a factor in the problems children in lone-parent families and stepfamilies develop?

A) the quality of parenting they receive
B) the sex of the parent figures in their lives
C) high levels of conflict before and after a divorce
D) the level of contact with non-residential fathers

Question 8

According to the text,in our society,when does socialization stop?

A) at five years of age
B) during adolescence
C) in middle age
D) at death

Question 9

According to the text,what was one criticism of child-rearing experts during the first half of the 20th century?

A) Their theories were based on observations of white middle-class families.
B) They regarded children as economically worthless but emotionally priceless.
C) Their theories depended too much on tradition and not enough on science.
D) Their theories were based on observation of children with abnormalities.

Question 10

According to the text,what did the 20th century see the arrival of?

A) child labour in the street trades such as polishing shoes
B) the economically worthless but emotionally priceless child
C) a refusal to conform to scientific child-rearing standards
D) the emotionally neglected but economically valued child

Question 11

Alex's mother is lesbian.According to the text,what situation is most likely to arise?

A) Alex will grow up to be gay because of his role models.
B) Alex's mother has poor parenting skills.
C) Alex will do as well as children in lone-parent families.
D) Alex won't have a male role model.

Question 12

In the earlier part of the 20th century,experts intruded in the family life of poor and minority families,especially if they were on welfare.How did they do this?

A) by allowing the children to sue parents for "divorce"
B) by expecting the families to conform to traditional values and standards
C) by advising the children to report their parents for abuse or neglect
D) by expecting the families to conform to "scientific" standards of child rearing

Question 13

According to the text,when considering socialization,what do feminist thinkers look at?

A) the way inequities in society are maintained from one generation to the next
B) how the transmission of cultural norms ensures the stability of families and society
C) how socialization occurs through the day-to-day relationships of individual family members
D) the way family subsystems and boundaries shape children

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a specialized children's institution?

A) the West Edmonton Mall
B) the YMCA
C) Taylor Field
D) the Hospital for Sick Children

Question 15

According to the text,which statement is TRUE concerning the socialization of children?

A) When both parents work, they have little influence on socialization.
B) Parents exert a great deal of indirect control over their children's environment.
C) Parents need to arrange many birthday parties for healthy child development.
D) Teachers are the most important socializers for children.

Question 16

According to the text,how does socialization occur most often,besides through observation?

A) explicit instruction
B) going to parties
C) assumptions of others
D) reading how-to books

Question 17

Chad is two years old.His mother wants to train him to use the toilet.According to the text,which of the following factors is UNLIKELY to be involved in his ability to do so?

A) Chad's level of muscular maturation
B) Chad's ability to understand what is expected
C) the maturity of Chad's nervous system
D) the presence of educational toys to amuse Chad

Question 18

According to the text,how can socialization experiences be compared to a buffet or smorgasbord?

A) An individual selects from among them to form an identity and value system
B) The more opportunities a child has, the better his or her values will be
C) Socialization experiences depend on the levels of a child's physical maturation and intellectual development
D) Socialization experiences govern the kinds of food a child will choose to eat

Question 19

When do we NOT have a true picture of family instability?

A) when we ignore the formation and breakup of cohabitation families
B) when we do not use cross-sectional methods to study families over time
C) when we do not consider the number of children living with gay or lesbian parents
D) when we look at married and cohabitation families through longitudinal studies

Question 20

According to the text,what was one sign that childhood was increasingly seen as being different from adulthood?

A) the development of specialized children's institutions
B) the mainstreaming of children in groups of different ages
C) the exploitation of children by business owners
D) the provision of special apprenticeships for adolescents

Question 21

If children experience too many separations from parents and parent figures,according to the text,which of the following is most likely to happen to the children?

A) They may rely heavily on the goodwill of strangers.
B) They may become attached to new people too quickly.
C) They may feel emotionally comfortable with stepparents.
D) They may fear becoming attached again.

Question 22

According to the text,how do family stories help socialize children?

A) by emphasizing family values
B) by putting down family traditions
C) by discouraging family identity
D) by weaving families and kin together

Question 23

According to the text,which of the following BEST describes young adolescent parents?

A) They are as competent as other parents.
B) They almost always have adequate financial resources.
C) They are still finding their own identity.
D) They usually live common-law.

Question 24

According to the text,which of the following are teen mothers living in romantic relationships likely to do?

A) pay attention to their boyfriend, not their child
B) suffer in their development, as do their children
C) be less harsh with their children than other young mothers
D) be less competent and well adjusted than other young mothers

Question 25

According to the text,what do studies of differing family types show?

A) Children do better in two-parent families because they are better monitored.
B) Mothers in two-parent families have better psychological health and thus are better parents.
C) Interaction within families has greater impact than family structure itself.
D) Children do better after divorced parents remarry because they now fit the social script.

Question 26

Because they have so much meaning for families,which of the following can be the source of conflict between generations or ex-partners?

A) day-to-day rituals
B) family stories
C) family traditions
D) daily routines

Question 27

Caitlyn's parents encourage her to make her own decisions and to express her individual personality.They set few rules and expect her to do little to help around the house,unless she wants to.What parenting style are they using?

A) authoritative
B) permissive
C) caring
D) lackadaisical

Question 28

According to the text,which of the following is NOT a protective factor for children facing family disruption?

A) a warm school environment
B) permissive parenting
C) clear rules
D) peer support

Question 29

Baumrind described three parenting styles.A fourth was added later by other theorists.What is this fourth type called?

A) the uninvolved parent
B) the disengaged parent
C) the authoritarian parent
D) the permissive parent

Question 30

According to the text,how are children with authoritative parents often described?

A) as defiant and rebellious
B) as selfish and undisciplined
C) as competent and friendly
D) as detached and submissive

Question 31

According to the text,what happens to children who grow up in authoritarian families?

A) They become more responsible adults because standards are clear.
B) They experience both high expectations and regard for their wishes.
C) They are much less likely to be spanked because they are obedient.
D) They may be caught in a vicious cycle of defiance and punishment.

Question 32

Because adoptive and other non-biological parents are not perceived as genuine parents by many in society,according to the text,what might they have difficulties with?

A) loving the adopted child
B) disciplining the child
C) providing adequate physical care
D) genealogical bewilderment

Question 33

According to Diana Baumrind (who described authoritarian,permissive,and authoritative parents),how do parents tend to raise the most competent children?

A) if they allow their children to make all or most decisions for themselves
B) if they have high standards for their children, but pay attention to each child's needs
C) if they set firm rules for their children and make no exceptions because they want to be fair
D) if they demand that their children obey commands immediately and without question

Question 34

What is the term used for parents who are strong on obligations and responsibilities,but weak on recognizing children's individuality?

A) authoritarian parents
B) permissive parents
C) authoritative parents
D) punitive parents

Question 35

Zachary's parents were in their 40s when he was born.According to the text,what often happens to children like Zachary who have older parents?

A) They find that their parents' age makes no difference to their lives.
B) They enjoy many activities with extended family members such as grandparents.
C) They are more likely to be afraid their parents will die before they become independent.
D) They are less likely to enjoy luxuries than children of younger parents, who can earn more.

Question 36

According to the text,what has research shown about spanking?

A) It is prIt is probably more effective than non-violent forms of discipline in changing children's behaviour.
B) It is prIt is probably less effective than non-violent forms of discipline in changing children's behaviour.
C) It is prIt is probably just as effective as non-violent forms of discipline in changing children's behaviour.
D) It is prIt is probably welcomed more than non-violent forms of discipline in changing children's behaviour.

Question 37

Emma's parents are authoritative.According to the text,which is probably most typical of their parenting?

A) They emphasize Emma's responsibilities, but let her make few decisions.
B) They feel that Emma should make her own decisions, even if they are inconvenient.
C) They have high expectations for Emma, and allow no excuses if she fails to achieve them.
D) They have high expectations for Emma, but respect her as an individual.

Question 38

According to the text,what is the effect of separation and lack of contact with a parent?

A) It affects girls separated from fathers more than boys.
B) It affects boys separated from fathers more than girls.
C) It affects boys separated from mothers more than girls.
D) It affects both sexes equally.

Question 39

According to the text,what do older parents tend to be?

A) too tired to play with the child
B) financially unstable because of layoffs
C) less likely to spend time with the child
D) more likely to read to the child or play pretend

Question 40

According to the text,which parents are cold and distant?

A) authoritarian
B) uninvolved
C) disengaged
D) permissive

Question 41

What did a recent survey find about Quebec parents,compared with those in other provinces?

A) Quebec parents are less likely to spank their children as a form of discipline.
B) Quebec parents are more likely to believe that using flash cards will make babies smarter.
C) Quebec parents are less likely to encourage children's in-group ties.
D) Quebec parents are more likely to restrict children's contact with friends.

Question 42

According to the text,what is a particular point of contact between generations?

A) keeping family feuds going
B) observing family traditions and rituals
C) helping older people move into seniors' homes
D) deciding on a christening instead of a bar mitzvah

Question 43

According to the text,which of the following is NOT a real difference between immigrant families and Canadian-born families?

A) Immigrant families encourage respect for elders and Canadian families encourage independence.
B) Immigrant families are often used to monocultural societies and Canadian families are exposed to multiple cultures.
C) Canadian parents have more physical contact with children than immigrant parents.
D) Immigrant parents are more likely to exert influence over language and culture than Canadian-born parents.

Question 44

In the past,what did boarding schools set up to educate Aboriginal children do?

A) taught children to appreciate their parents' values
B) encouraged the learning of Aboriginal languages
C) undermined Aboriginal language and culture
D) always treated the children gently and kindly

Question 45

According to the text,in which families do grandparents tend to be more involved with grandchildren?

A) in Aboriginal families
B) on the father's side of the family
C) in families of British origin
D) in large families

Question 46

Birth-order effects are not inevitable.According to the text,in which situation are they unlikely to operate?

A) when there are only girls in the family
B) when boys in the family are delinquents
C) when the oldest is physically or mentally challenged
D) when the youngest is temperamentally unassertive

Question 47

According to people who study birth-order effects,what do middle children often do?

A) act as mediators
B) use charm to get what they want
C) associate more with adults
D) try to copy the eldest

Question 48

According to the text,what have studies of families shown?

A) More children probably know their grandparents than ever before.
B) The extended family has little relevance for present-day families.
C) Extended families are strong in rural areas but not in cities.
D) Most adults live a long distance from their parents.

Question 49

According to the text,which of the following is NOT true of Aboriginal families?

A) They ignore the welfare of their children.
B) For many, welfare became the only way they could survive.
C) Alcohol became a temporary way of escaping a hopeless situation.
D) Children are viewed as gifts from the spirit world.

Question 50

According to the text,what happens in families where one child has some exceptionality?

A) Shared stress almost always brings family members closer together.
B) The exceptional child will be neglected because of other children's needs.
C) The other children may be expected to help with child care.
D) Social services provide adequate help to keep parents from feeling stressed.

Question 51

How did one study find that children living in affluent neighbourhoods scored on tests of school readiness compared with children living in poorer areas?

A) Children living in affluent neighbourhoods scored lower.
B) Children living in affluent neighbourhoods scored the same.
C) Children living in affluent neighbourhoods scored higher.
D) None of the above

Question 52

According to the text,how does the sibling relationship differ from peer relationships?

A) It is affectionate.
B) It is voluntary.
C) It is authoritative.
D) It is ascribed.

Question 53

According to the text,when parents have a lower educational level,what happens to their preschool children?

A) They are more likely to learn to go online at an earlier age.
B) They watch more entertainment programs on television.
C) They are more likely to have enrichment opportunities such as day camp.
D) They go to library story time more frequently.

Question 54

According to the text,what does affection between brothers and sisters depend on?

A) access to each other
B) plotting against parents
C) payoffs for not tattling
D) discouragement by parents

Question 55

What have studies of children in large families found?

A) The children have better language development because there are many people to talk to.
B) The children often live in neighbourhoods with good role models.
C) The children often have difficulties with learning that are long lasting.
D) The children's nutrition is better because their parents care more about what they eat.

Question 56

According to the text,what happens to parents as children move out of the home into the community?

A) They lose control over their children's environment.
B) They feel reassured since they select the form of child care.
C) They retain some control over their children's environment.
D) They continue to exert full control over their children's socialization.

Question 57

Which of the following is UNLIKELY to be true when there is a physically or mentally challenged child in a family?

A) Parents may not have the emotional resources to meet the needs of the other children.
B) Other children may be expected to help in the daily care of the exceptional child.
C) Family communication and closeness can increase as a result of shared stress.
D) Parents still behave the same to all the children after the birth of the exceptional child.

Question 58

According to the text,although diverse,what do Aboriginal families across Canada value?

A) nature and animals
B) respect for elders and nature
C) independence and spontaneity
D) interdependence of all life and spirituality

Question 59

Amanda is trying to copy the way her older sister,Julia,acts around boys.According to the text,what is Julia?

A) an advisor for Amanda
B) a role model for Amanda
C) an angry rival for Amanda
D) a role usurper for Amanda

Question 60

According to the text,though sociologists fear family time is decreasing,what might happen?

A) This may lead to better outcomes for children from conflict-ridden families.
B) The extended family will still be involved in recreational activities and routine care.
C) Research suggests families will spend more time together than ever.
D) Shared activities such as playing and teaching will increased.

Question 61

According to the text,which of the following is NOT a benefit of exposure to technology?

A) Children learn from educational television programs.
B) Children are able to access information on the Internet.
C) Email helps to keep families connected.
D) Television helps children learn appropriate scripts for behaviour.

Question 62

According to the text,what is one valid criticism of the way families are portrayed on television?

A) Parents are shown too often filling non-traditional roles.
B) Problems are resolved in half an hour or an hour.
C) Although most Canadian families are white, many visible minorities are shown.
D) Daytime talk shows present too many boring family situations.

Question 63

According to the text,which of the following factors does NOT reduce a child's self-esteem in school?

A) poor marks in school
B) bullying by other students
C) unfavourable comparison with other children
D) negative feedback on classroom work

Question 64

Parents play a key part in gender role socialization.According to the text,what do fathers tend to do?

A) They stress achievement and cognitive aspects of activities when they interact with daughters.
B) They tend to pay more attention to girls than to boys, including punishing them.
C) They emphasize cooperation through encouragement and support when they interact with boys.
D) They pressure boys more than girls to behave in a way they think appropriate for their sex.

Question 65

According to the text,what do researchers believe accounts for girls' lower achievement in science than boys'?

A) There are more role models of women in science careers.
B) Science is taught using examples from typical male interests.
C) Girls enjoy competing with boys for high marks.
D) Girls' toys encourage the development of spatial abilities.

Question 66

What have recent surveys shown about Aboriginal students?

A) Fewer Aboriginal children are completing high school than before.
B) Those living on remote reserves are more likely to graduate from high school.
C) More Aboriginal individuals are undertaking postsecondary studies.
D) Aboriginal students are helped by the number of their family responsibilities.

Question 67

Lucie's parents expect her to assume a traditional gender role.According to the text,what do they probably encourage her to do?

A) be passive, dependent, and nurturing
B) be an achiever and a thinker
C) be socially reliant on the extended family
D) be independent, active, and aggressive

Question 68

According to the text,what is one benefit of peer relationships?

A) Peers are more effective socializers than parents.
B) Peers help children recognize that they share others' interests.
C) Peers teach children how to avoid being caught shoplifting.
D) Peers provide a more authoritarian relationship than parents do.

Question 69

According to the text,what has been the effect of prime-time television shows since 1999?

A) They have increased the proportion of women committing crimes.
B) They present minority characters as favourable role models.
C) They have increased the number of Asian characters.
D) They still portray white men in the highest-status jobs.

Question 70

Which of the following is true of socialization among the baby-boom generation?

A) Respect for institutions increased dependence on authority.
B) Teamwork and social skills were emphasized.
C) Parents' reliance on Dr. Spock resulted in more rigid child-rearing methods.
D) Family living meant living in small towns rather than cities.

Question 71

Which factor affected the socialization of the baby-boom generation?

A) rapid growth of technology, including television
B) the availability of the birth control pill
C) a shift toward smaller families
D) a push to migrate to farms and small communities

Question 72

According to the text,in general,what are boys encouraged to be?

A) quieter and less expressive
B) caring and nurturing
C) independent and active
D) intellectual and sensitive

Question 73

According to the text,adolescent groups come in two general types.What are they?

A) oppositional and socialized
B) fashionable and antisocial
C) delinquent and conforming
D) supportive and oppositional

Question 74

How many hours a day did one study,conducted in 2004,find that 8- to 18-year-olds spend using media?

A) 4.8
B) 5.5
C) 6.5
D) 8.0

Question 75

According to the text,which of the following takes over much of the socialization process once a child is four or five years old?

A) church
B) siblings
C) peers
D) school

Question 76

According to the text,which statement is NOT true of children's school experiences?

A) Children learn about families from peers and teachers.
B) The first years are important to children's self-esteem.
C) Ability is the strongest predictor of success at school.
D) Values learned at school may conflict with those learned in the family.

Question 77

The media,such as television or the Internet,can be a good or bad influence on young children.According to the text,what does the type of influence appear to depend on most?

A) the use of the v-chip and screening software to protect them
B) television viewing and computer use by their peers
C) children's age and stage of development
D) a rating system for violence and sex in television programs

Question 78

What is one difference between new immigrants and Aboriginal peoples in terms of education?

A) Immigrant families consider education to be the way for children to succeed socially.
B) Immigrant children are more likely to attend school away from their families.
C) Aboriginal children are less often labeled at school as "lazy" or "unreliable."
D) Aboriginal families have more respect for the Canadian school system.

Question 79

According to the text,why are the choices working parents make about childcare important?

A) They need to look for homes that are regulated by the government.
B) Many children spend more time with substitute caregivers than with parents.
C) Children in small daycare centres tend to lag in school readiness.
D) Quality childcare mostly protects a child's health and safety.

Question 80

According to the text,by middle childhood,how do children tend to play?

A) in large groups containing both sexes
B) with a special person of the opposite sex
C) in groups of their own sex
D) with toys designed for the opposite sex