Deck 12: Sociological Aspects of Young and Middle Adulthood

Question 1

According to Cameron-Bandler,a couple in which of the following relationship stage tend to focus on the positive qualities of each other:

A) Expectation
B) Verification
C) Threshold/perceptual reorientation
D) Appreciation

Answer 1

D

Question 2

With the following conflict resolution approach,the two sides engaged in the conflict attempt to sell their own solution without really listening to the other side:

A) Problem-solving approach
B) Disarming
C) Win-lose approach
D) Role reversal

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A(n)_____ focuses attention on a family's interactions with groups,resources,organizations,associations,other families,and other individuals.

A) Genogram
B) Ecomap
C) Hierarchy of needs
D) Family ark

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is true about the interactionist approach:

A) The theory asserts that human beings interpret or define each other's actions instead of merely reacting
B) Interactionists focus on larger structures of society
C) This theory is criticized as being a philosophy that works for the benefit of the privileged social classes
D) It views society as a struggle for power among various social groups

Question 5

The following is true about theoretical explanations of poverty:

A) Conflict theorists view poverty as functional for our society
B) Functionalists believe poverty could best be dealt with if the poor became politically aware and active, organizing themselves to reduce inequality through government action
C) Conflict theorists assume that since there is such enormous wealth in modern societies, no one in these societies should go without satisfaction of their essential needs
D) To resolve the poverty problem, functionalists urge elimination of the stigma and negative definitions associated with poverty

Question 6

Which of the following is true:

A) The United States is characterized by social stratification
B) Net worth refers to your total assets only
C) Wealth refers to the amount of money a person makes in a given period
D) People who live in urban areas have a higher incidence of poverty than those who live in rural areas

Question 7

This stage of parenting occurs after the birth of the first child and lasts for a few months:

A) Honeymoon
B) Plateau
C) Disengagement
D) Anticipation

Question 8

The following is true about the problem-solving approach to resolving conflict:

A) The conflict is defined as a win-lose situation
B) Each side seeks solutions to meet only its needs
C) Each side attempts to force the other side into submission
D) Each side honestly and openly communicates its goals, needs, and ideas

Question 9

Which of the following is true about macro social system theories:

A) The interactionist theory has been criticized as being a philosophy that works for the benefit of the privileged social classes, while perpetuating the misery of the poor
B) Functionalism has been criticized as too radical
C) The most common criticism of the interactionist theory is that it is so abstract and vaguely worded that it is nearly impossible either to prove or disprove it
D) A direct offshoot of the functionalist perspective is the labeling theory

Question 10

The _____ theory holds that we either select a partner who has the characteristics we wish we had ourselves or someone who can help us be the kind of person we want to be.

A) Propinquity theory
B) Complementary needs theory
C) Congruence in values theory
D) Homogamy theory

Question 11

The following is true about divorce:

A) Divorce rates are higher for those having a long engagement
B) People who marry at an older age are more apt to divorce than those who marry at a very young age
C) Divorce occurs more frequently at the lower socioeconomic levels
D) The more religious individuals are, the more apt they are to become divorced

Question 12

The following is true about divorce:

A) A major result of divorce for most women is a serious decline in their standard of living
B) Most women are awarded alimony when a divorce occurs
C) Men tend to face many more financial disadvantages than women after divorce
D) Most child support is sufficient to meet the financial needs of the children

Question 13

The following is true about blended families:

A) Stepmothers are generally not concerned about what is best for the children, as they are much more concerned about their own well-being
B) Stepchildren never hold the same place in the hearts of parents that biological children do
C) The moment that blended families become joined as one family is the moment in which the members have instant love for each other
D) Stepfamilies need to acknowledge that losses from old relationships do exist

Question 14

The _____ investigates the origins of a client's problem by diagramming the family over at least three generations.

A) Genogram
B) Ecomap
C) Hierarchy of needs
D) Family ark

Question 15

Which of the following is true about divorce:

A) In our country, about one out of four marriages ends in divorce
B) Women who are financially able to support themselves are less likely to seek a divorce if their marriage goes sour
C) The growth of individualism has contributed to the increasing divorce rate
D) Divorce rates are higher in rural areas than in urban areas

Question 16

_____ percent of the population in the United States is living below the poverty line.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

Question 17

Family _____ are the rules that specify what is considered proper behavior within the family group.

A) Roles
B) Norms
C) Ethics
D) Boundaries

Question 18

According to the functionalist perspective,some of the functions and dysfunctions of a social system are _____,that is,obvious to everyone.

A) Latent
B) Quantitative
C) Manifest
D) Qualitative

Question 19

Which of the following is accurate regarding macro social system theories:

A) Functionalists assert that most people obey the law because they believe the law is fair and just
B) Functionalism theorists assert that social order is maintained by authority backed by the use of force
C) Conflict theorists assert that most people in society share the same set of values and norms
D) From the functionalist perspective, social change mainly involves reordering the distribution of scarce goods among groups

Question 20

Critics of functionalism assert:

A) The theory has a liberal philosophy that advocates rapid social changes
B) The theory tends to ignore basic social injustices
C) The theory focuses too much on seeking to benefit the poor
D) The theory focuses too much on seeking to benefit the oppressed and those who are victimized by discrimination

Question 21

The propinquity theory holds that our value system consciously and unconsciously guides us in selecting a mate.

Question 22

The following model of organizational behavior emphasizes the importance of identifying the best worker for each job and then studying how he or she effectively and efficiently does the work:

A) Custodial model
B) Theory X
C) Theory Z
D) Scientific management

Question 23

One characteristic of romantic love,as opposed to rational love,is that romantic love thrives on a certain amount of distance.

Question 24

Functionalism views the cultural lag between technological changes and our adaptation to them as one of the major sources of social disorganization.

Question 25

The following is a basic tenet of the human relations approach to organizational behavior:

A) The level of production is set by physiological capacities and not by social norms
B) Noneconomic rewards and sanctions significantly affect the behavior of the workers and largely limit the effect of economic incentive plans
C) Workers react as individuals rather than as members of groups
D) The role of leadership is unimportant in understanding social factors in organizations

Question 26

The plateau stage of parenting occurs after the birth of the first child and lasts for a few months.

Question 27

Conflict theory views social change as potentially beneficial to society.

Question 28

One of the factors for marital happiness is if you feel you are more intelligent than your spouse.

Question 29

In the following model of organizational behavior,the workers' role is obedience to management:

A) Custodial model
B) Autocratic model
C) Theory Y
D) Scientific management model

Question 30

The following theory of organizational behavior asserts customer satisfaction is the main purpose of the organization:

A) The autocratic model
B) Theory X
C) Theory Z
D) Total quality management

Question 31

In most countries parents prefer girls rather than boys.

Question 32

Theory X approach to organizational behavior is most consistent with the following model:

A) Autocratic model
B) Custodial model
C) Human relations model
D) Theory Y

Question 33

The following theorist played a prominent role in developing total quality management (TQM):

A) W. Edwards Deming
B) Frederick Taylor
C) William Ouchi
D) Peter Drucker

Question 34

Social disorganization occurs when a large organization or an entire society is imperfectly organized to achieve its goals and maintain its stability.

Question 35

The following model of organizational behavior emphasizes the team concept:

A) Autocratic model
B) Custodial model
C) Scientific management model
D) Collegial model

Question 36

Micro system theories of society and its problems seek to make sense of the behavior of large groups of people and the workers of entire societies.

Question 37

The following value orientation places primary value on the utility of things and practical uses of knowledge:

A) Theoretical
B) Economic
C) Aesthetic
D) Social

Question 38

Theory Y managers:

A) Believe they must control, direct, force, or threaten employees to make them work
B) View employees as having little ambition
C) Seek to reduce responsibilities to a level at which few mistakes are made
D) View mistakes and errors as necessary phases of the learning process

Question 39

According to conflict theory,all social systems have a tendency toward equilibrium-maintenance of a steady state or particular balance in which the parts of the system remain in the same relationship to one another.

Question 40

The following is true about liberalism:

A) The Republican Party is considered to be relatively liberal
B) Liberals believe the government should not interfere with the workings of the marketplace
C) Liberals generally advocate a residual approach to social welfare programs
D) Liberals believe that an individual's difficulties are due to causes largely beyond his or her control

Question 41

Some of the symbols used in the ecomap are identical to those used in the genogram.

Question 42

The culture-of-poverty theory has been criticized as a classic example of blaming the victim.

Question 43

Of all the causes of poverty,alcoholism is by far the most prevalent.

Question 44

Conflict theory asserts that most people obey the law because they believe the law is fair and just,while functionalism asserts that social order is maintained by authority backed by the use of force.

Question 45

The autocratic model for organizations depends on power.

Question 46

Employees in an organization who are working under a custodial model organization tend to give passive cooperation to their employer.

Question 47

Within five years after a divorce,approximately three-quarters of all divorced people are remarried.

Question 48

The rate of female-headed homes in African-American families is nearly three times that in white families.

Question 49

Conflict theory has been criticized as encouraging oppressed groups to revolt against the existing power structure,rather than seeking to work within the existing system to address their concerns.

Question 50

A key factor in how traumatic a divorce will be for a child is how well the parents deal with the child's concerns,fears,questions,and anxieties.

Question 51

The Hawthorne effect in sociological and psychological research holds that when subjects know they are participants in a study,this awareness may lead them to behave differently and substantially influence the results of the study.

Question 52

The more often individuals have divorced,the more likely they are to divorce again.

Question 53

The ecomap focuses attention on intergenerational family patterns,particularly those that are problematic or dysfunctional.

Question 54

The win-lose approach is highly effective in resolving conflict.

Question 55

Total quality management asserts that when problems arise in an organization,management should almost always seek to identify and fire the incompetent employees who are causing the problems.

Question 56

Divorce rates are lower for Protestants than for Catholics or Jews.

Question 57

With a quality circle approach,employees and management routinely meet to brainstorm about ways to improve productivity and quality.

Question 58

Conflict theorists assert that most people in society share the same set of values and norms.

Question 59

The genogram focuses attention on a family's interactions with groups,resources,organizations,associations,other families,and other individuals.

Question 60

The looking-glass self process advanced by Cooley asserts we develop our self-concept by seeing and hearing how others react to us.

Question 61

Explain the congruence in values theory.

Question 62

Explain the labeling theory. This is a direct offshoot of what other perspective?

Question 63

List and explain the four stages in the developmental process of parenting.

Question 64

Describe the program entitled Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). What do you see as the strengths and shortcomings of this program?

Question 65

Liberals in our society generally advocate a residual approach to social welfare programs.

Question 66

Summarize the major problems encountered by blended families. What suggestions do you have for parents in blended families to successfully handle the problems that you identified?

Question 67

A person with an economic value orientation strives toward a rational,systematic ordering of knowledge.

Question 68

Define family norms and cite two examples.

Question 69

Set up an ecomap of Brad and Angie Kilcoyne's family. They have been married for 16 years. They have 3 kids-2 girls: Summer,age 15,Spring,age 13,and 1 boy: Winter,age 9. They also had another boy (Ice)who died of an accident at age 5.

Question 70

Define functionalism.

Question 71

Describe the eight stages of love relationships identified by Cameron-Bandler. Outline your suggestions for improving love relationships.

Question 72

Do you believe it is better for oppressed groups to revolt against the existing power structure,rather than work within the existing system to address their concerns?

Question 73

Oscar Lewis has developed a "culture of poverty" explanation for why poverty is passed on from one generation to another. Describe this theory,and analyze the merits and shortcomings of this explanation.

Question 74

Compare and contrast romantic love and rational love.

Question 75

Define propinquity theory.

Question 76

Liberals assert that federally funded social welfare programs tend to make recipients dependent on the government,rather than assisting recipients to become self-sufficient and productive.

Question 77

Explain the conflict theory of human behavior.

Question 78

The developmental approach focuses on integrating economic and social development for the benefit of all members of society.

Question 79

Facts and figures form the basis of most decisions in our society,while values and assumptions are used only in relation to facts and figures.

Question 80

Identify and briefly describe the strategies for resolving interpersonal conflicts.