Deck 5: Film-Screen Imaging

Question 1

What is the term specifically used to emit visible light during x-ray exposure with little or no afterglow?

A) Luminescence
B) Phosphorescence
C) Fluorescence
D) Incandescence

Answer 1

Fluorescence

Question 2

What is the purpose of the intensifying screen?

A) To decrease the production of scatter radiation
B) To reduce the amount of scatter striking the film
C) To reduce the amount of exposure to the patient
D) A and C
E) B and C

Answer 2

To reduce the amount of exposure to the patient

Question 3

When a film has emulsion coated on both sides of the base versus one side of the base,the film is referred to as:

A) single emulsion film.
B) double emulsion film.
C) triple emulsion film.
D) none of the above.

Answer 3

double emulsion film.

Question 4

Once chemically processed,the light or clear areas on the radiographic film are:

A) areas of overexposure.
B) areas of exposed crystals converted to black metallic silver.
C) areas of removed unexposed crystals from chemical processing.
D) A and B.
E) A and C.

Question 5

What is the term generally used to describe the emission of light from a substance as the result of stimulation by radiation?

A) Luminescence
B) Phosphorescence
C) Fluorescence
D) Incandescence

Question 6

Once chemically processed,the resultant film image represents:

A) anatomic tissues through which radiation is transmitted are visualized as dark densities.
B) anatomic tissues through which radiation is absorbed are visualized as light or clear densities.
C) anatomic tissues through which radiation is transmitted are visualized as light or clear densities.
D) A and B.
E) B and C.

Question 7

Which layer of the radiographic film contains crystals suspended in gelatin that serve as the latent imaging centers?

A) Protective layer
B) Base
C) Phosphor layer
D) Emulsion

Question 8

Which of the following is a major limitation in film-screen imaging?

A) Limited dynamic range
B) Limited signal-to-noise ratio
C) Increased dynamic range
D) Need for high-resolution monitors

Question 9

Which layer of the intensifying screen is the furthest from the film and provides support and stability for the phosphor layer?

A) Base
B) Reflective layer
C) Phosphor layer
D) Adhesive

Question 10

How much of the x-ray beam do rare earth phosphor intensifying screens absorb?

A) 5%
B) 30%
C) 60%
D) 90%

Question 11

Which layer of the intensifying screen is closest to the film and protects the phosphor?

A) Protective layer
B) Base
C) Phosphor layer
D) Emulsion

Question 12

Which of the following renders a film very sensitive to underexposure or overexposure,which may necessitate image retakes?

A) Limited dynamic range
B) Limited signal-to-noise ratio
C) Increased dynamic range
D) Need for high-resolution monitors

Question 13

Once chemically processed,the dark densities on the radiographic film are:

A) areas of underexposure.
B) areas of exposed crystals converted to black metallic silver.
C) areas of removed unexposed crystals from chemical processing.
D) A and B.
E) A and C.

Question 14

What are the physical imperfections in the emulsion layer of radiographic film called?

A) Rare earth phosphors
B) Calcium tungstate
C) Sensitivity specks
D) Silver halide crystals

Question 15

What is the term specifically used to describe the emission of light during and after x-ray exposure?

A) Luminescence
B) Phosphorescence
C) Fluorescence
D) Incandescence

Question 16

What is the outermost,durable protection layer of radiographic film called?

A) Emulsion
B) Supercoat
C) Base
D) Gelatin

Question 17

The intensifying screens convert the exit radiation intensities into ______________,which exposes the ____________.

A) visible light; crystals in the emulsion
B) x-rays; crystals in the emulsion
C) electrical signal; TFT
D) electrical signal; crystals in the emulsion

Question 18

Which layer of the radiographic film is the active layer?

A) Protective layer
B) Base
C) Phosphor layer
D) Emulsion

Question 19

The radiation- and light-sensitive material used in the emulsion of radiographic film is called?

A) Rare earth phosphors
B) Calcium tungstate
C) Sensitivity specks
D) Silver halide crystals

Question 20

Before a radiographic film can be visualized,it must be:

A) exposed to a neon laser.
B) exposed to visible light.
C) chemically processed.
D) digitally processed.

Question 21

What is achieved when the color of light emitted by an intensifying screen matches the color of light a film responds to?

A) Chromatic spectrometry
B) Orthochromatic sensitivity
C) Panchromatic matching
D) Spectral matching

Question 22

A quality radiograph is obtained using 5 mAs at 60 kVp and a 200-speed film-screen system.What new mAs is used to maintain radiographic density when changing to a 400-speed film-screen system?

A) 2.5 mAs
B) 5.0 mAs
C) 7.5 mAs
D) 10.0 mAs

Question 23

What influences the speed of radiographic film?

A) The amount of silver halide crystals in the emulsion
B) The color of the dye added to the film base
C) The size of the silver halide crystal
D) A and C

Question 24

At what stage does the process of removing unexposed and undeveloped silver halide from the film emulsion occur?

A) Drying
B) Fixing
C) Washing
D) Developing

Question 25

What is the term used to describe the color of light to which a radiographic film is sensitive?

A) Chromatic spectrometry
B) Orthochromatic sensitivity
C) Panchromatic matching
D) Spectral sensitivity

Question 26

The front or tube side of radiographic cassettes should be made of a material that:

A) absorbs most of the x-ray beam.
B) reduces scatter production.
C) filters the beam.
D) absorbs very little of the x-ray beam.

Question 27

What is the stage of film processing that converts the latent image to a manifest image?

A) Developing
B) Washing
C) Fixing
D) Drying

Question 28

Several sensitivity specks with many silver ions attracted to them become:

A) silver halide.
B) latent image centers.
C) double emulsion.
D) intensifying screen.

Question 29

Increasing the thickness of the intensifying screen phosphor layer:

A) increases speed, increases recorded detail, and increases patient dose.
B) decreases speed, increases recorded detail, and decreases patient dose.
C) increases speed, decreases recorded detail, and increases patient dose.
D) increases speed, decreases recorded detail, and decreases patient dose.

Question 30

According to the Gurney-Mott theory,exposure of the silver bromide crystals in the film emulsion by light or x-ray photons creates the latent image and initiates the conversion process.What completes the conversion process and transforms the image into a permanent visible image?

A) Exposure to a neon laser
B) Chemical processing
C) Exposure to visible light
D) Digital processing

Question 31

The ability of the intensifying screen to produce visible light can be described as its:

A) recorded detail.
B) patient dose.
C) film speed.
D) relative speed.

Question 32

The ability of radiographic film to provide a certain level of image contrast is the:

A) film sensitivity.
B) film speed.
C) intensifying screen type.
D) film contrast.

Question 33

The degree to which film emulsion is sensitive to x-rays or light is the:

A) film latitude.
B) film speed.
C) intensifying screen type.
D) film contrast.

Question 34

The Gurney-Mott theory is associated with:

A) CR latent image formation.
B) film latent image formation.
C) DR latent image formation.
D) rare earth phosphor intensifying screens.

Question 35

A device found in radiographic cassettes that contain phosphors to convert x-ray energy into light,then exposes the radiographic film is a:

A) emulsion.
B) film speed.
C) intensifying screen.
D) imaging plate.

Question 36

What is the effect of the presence of a reflective layer within the intensifying screen?

A) Increased speed, increased recorded detail, and increased patient dose
B) Decreased speed, increased recorded detail, and decreased patient dose
C) Increased speed, decreased recorded detail, and increased patient dose
D) Increased speed, decreased recorded detail, and decreased patient dose

Question 37

What is the effect of the presence of a dye in the phosphor layer of the intensifying screen?

A) Decreased speed, increased recorded detail, and increased patient dose
B) Decreased speed, increased recorded detail, and decreased patient dose
C) Increased speed, decreased recorded detail, and increased patient dose
D) Increased speed, decreased recorded detail, and decreased patient dose

Question 38

Increasing the film-screen speed requires a(n)_________ in mAs to maintain density.

A) increase
B) decrease

Question 39

The greater the film speed,the ______ sensitive it is.

A) more
B) less

Question 40

The greater the film speed,the number of silver halide crystals ______.

A) increases
B) decreases
C) stays the same

Question 41

The process of replacing processing chemicals with fresh chemicals is known as:

A) recirculation.
B) replenishment.
C) temperature control.
D) transport.

Question 42

In the developer solution,exposed silver halide crystals are reduced to _____ silver.

A) ionic
B) liquid
C) negative
D) metallic

Question 43

A numerical calculation that compares the amount of light transmitted through an area of radiographic film to the amount of light originally striking (incident on)the film is the:

A) densitometer.
B) optical density.
C) base plus fog.
D) recorded detail.

Question 44

A safelight fog quality control test should be performed:

A) daily.
B) weekly.
C) quarterly.
D) semiannually.

Question 45

Stopping the film development process takes place during:

A) developing.
B) washing.
C) drying.
D) fixing.

Question 46

The useful range of optical densities is between:

A) 0.0 and 4.0 OD.
B) 0.0 and 1.0 OD.
C) 0.25 and 2.5 OD.
D) 1.0 and 3.0 OD.

Question 47

Which of the following is a device designed to produce consistent step-wedge densities by eliminating the variability of the x-ray unit?

A) Densitometer
B) Penetrometer
C) Sensitometer
D) Chemical processor

Question 48

Compared to baseline measurements,speed and contrast indicators should not vary more than ±_____ optical density.

A) 0.05
B) 0.10
C) 0.15
D) 0.20

Question 49

In film-screen imaging,___________ is the study of the relationship between the intensity of radiation exposure to a film and the amount of blackness produced after processing (density)?

A) densitometry
B) penetrometry
C) sensitometry
D) chemical processing

Question 50

In most 90 s film processors,developer temperature should be kept at approximately:

A) 85° to 88° F.
B) 89° to 91° F.
C) 93° to 95° F.
D) 97° to 99° F.

Question 51

Sensitometric monitoring of automatic film processors should be done:

A) daily.
B) weekly.
C) quarterly.
D) semiannually.

Question 52

Which of the following is a device used to numerically determine the amount of blackness on a film after process,measuring radiographic density?

A) Densitometer
B) Penetrometer
C) Sensitometer
D) Chemical processor

Question 53

Which of the following is a device constructed of uniform absorbers of increasing thicknesses,such as aluminum or tissue-equivalent plastic?

A) Densitometer
B) Penetrometer
C) Sensitometer
D) Chemical processor

Question 54

The _______________ visually demonstrates the relationship between the intensity of radiation exposure (x-axis)and the resultant optical densities (y-axis).

A) sensitometric curve
B) D log E curve
C) characteristic curve
D) all of the above

Question 55

Silver recovery is the removal of silver from the:

A) developer solution.
B) wash.
C) fixer solution.
D) all of the above.

Question 56

What component of the developer solution is responsible for the gray areas on the image?

A) Phenidone
B) Water
C) Hydroquinone
D) Thiosulfate

Question 57

The developer solution requires a(n)_____ environment for the chemicals to properly function.

A) cold
B) alkaline
C) acidic
D) dry

Question 58

While in the developer solution,additional electrons are added to the:

A) fixer.
B) silver.
C) sensitivity specks.
D) water.

Question 59

Which of the following is/are reducing agent(s)found in the developer solution?

A) Phenidone
B) Hydroquinone
C) Ammonium thiosulfate
D) A and B

Question 60

Darkrooms should be protected from:

A) chemical exposure.
B) heat.
C) ionizing radiation.
D) all of the above.

Question 61

The most important performance criterion of a film illuminator is:

A) its size.
B) the uniformity of light intensity.
C) the illuminator display matrix.
D) having the brightest possible light.

Question 62

Metallic replacement and the electrolytic method are used in:

A) developing the film.
B) fixing the film.
C) processor quality control.
D) silver recovery.

Question 63

If a film processor is turned on but hasn't been used for a while,in order to get the roller assembly moving,you will have to push the:

A) on/off switch.
B) replenishment switch.
C) standby control.
D) circuit breaker.

Question 64

A radiograph with increased density may be the result of:

A) low fixer temperature.
B) high fixer temperature.
C) low developer temperature.
D) high developer temperature.

Question 65

The ability of a radiographic film to provide a level of contrast can be evaluated by the __________ of the sensitometric curve.

A) slope
B) steepness
C) shoulder
D) A and B
E) B and C

Question 66

Which film processing system best achieves agitation,continuous mixing,and filtration of the chemical solutions?

A) Transport system
B) Temperature control system
C) Recirculation system
D) Replenishment system

Question 67

If films begin to show brown staining after being in storage for a long time,there might be a problem with which stage of the processing cycle?

A) Development
B) Fixing
C) Washing
D) Drying

Question 68

If the film developer temperature is too low,the processed image will appear:

A) milky.
B) dark.
C) light.
D) streaked.

Question 69

What is the correct sequence of film processing?
1)Washing
2)Developing
3)Drying
4)Fixing

A) 2, 1, 4, 3
B) 2, 4, 1, 3
C) 1, 2, 4, 3
D) 4, 2, 1, 3