Deck 14: Health and Illness

Question 1

The fact that the top causes of death in the United States are due to chronic illness while people in the developing world are continually affected by the threat of acute illnesses indicates that

A) illness is a biological event.
B) palliative care is necessary.
C) illness is impacted by social factors.
D) we can prevent deaths in the United States but not in the developing world.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Researchers often conduct studies on American college students.What is one organization that conducts such research to determine health behaviors and develop support programs and services on a wide variety of health-related issues?

A) World Health Organization
B) United Nations
C) Surgeon General's office
D) American College Health Association

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Why is it important to address that approximately 75 percent of patients die in settings like hospitals instead of at home?

A) It helps researchers find data on the cause of death.
B) It indicates that death is a major life event.
C) It shows how death has been medicalized.
D) It is a sign that more people are dying earlier.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

As the process of ________ develops,we will be less likely to treat someone who has a mental health issue as having something he or she should just "deal with" alone.Instead,we will be more likely to think of the issue as having to do with a disease.

A) medicalization
B) acute care
C) hospitalization
D) the professionalization of doctors

Question 5

What type of care are we practicing when we focus on making a person comfortable at the end of life?

A) palliative
B) crisis
C) chronic
D) preventive

Question 6

A man recently learned that he has a mental illness.Since his diagnosis,he has begun to act according to the illness and in ways that he thinks others expect someone with a mental illness to act.Which theory of health and illness best explains his situation?

A) curative medicine
B) structural functionalism
C) conflict theory
D) symbolic interactionism

Question 7

Obesity is now often treated with surgery.Previously,weight loss was not usually considered a medical problem that could be addressed through surgery.This is evidence of

A) increases in psychiatric approaches to care.
B) medicalization and the social construction of health and illness.
C) an approach to an acute condition.
D) how people today tend to follow television stars' behavior.

Question 8

In his film Sicko,Michael Moore brings attention to the difference between the health insurance of the wealthy and that of the poor.What sociological theory treats health insurance as a resource to explain this difference?

A) socialized medicine theory
B) structural functionalism
C) conflict theory
D) symbolic interactionism

Question 9

Kea tries to take good care of herself.She works out regularly,gets plenty of rest,and eats well.Her approach to health is MOST closely aligned with

A) palliative medicine.
B) chronic illness.
C) preventive medicine.
D) lifestyle medicine.

Question 10

Good health is

A) socially defined.
B) biologically determined.
C) unrelated to culture.
D) consistent around the world.

Question 11

The ________ approach to addiction posits that people of lower socioeconomic status are more likely to be scrutinized as problem drinkers or drug addicts.

A) structural functionalist
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interactionist
D) sick role

Question 12

What is it called when the incidence of a particular infectious disease is drastically larger than first estimated?

A) an epidemic
B) a pandemic
C) epidemiology
D) a distribution issue

Question 13

The Pacific Gas and Electric Company poisoned the water in Hinkley,California.The poisoned water system had sickened many Hinkley,California,residents with ailments like liver damage and cancer.How would the illnesses of the Hinkley residents be classified?

A) crisis diseases
B) curative diseases
C) acute diseases
D) chronic diseases

Question 14

Ori went to eat at his favorite restaurant and got food poisoning.His illness was treated right away.This type of illness would be classified as

A) palliative.
B) chronic.
C) acute.
D) lifestyle based.

Question 15

A reality television program called The Swan (2004-2005)aimed to give women extreme makeovers.This was done by radically changing their appearance in part through plastic surgery.Of what is this an example?

A) the medicalization of beauty
B) the epidemiology of beauty
C) deprivation amplification
D) complementary medicine

Question 16

________ diseases come on suddenly and are often contagious.

A) Crisis
B) Acute
C) Curative
D) Preventive

Question 17

What do sociologists ask you to consider regarding health and illness?

A) how biomedical models are superior to other explanations
B) the physical roots of health and illness
C) how health and illness are shaped by social factors
D) similarities throughout the world

Question 18

In the ________ approach to addiction,people who become addicted may be responding to strains in the social system and their own lives by escaping through drugs and alcohol.

A) structural functionalist
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interactionist
D) sick role

Question 19

Sid feels horrible.He goes to his doctor,who tells Sid he has a bad cold and should feel better soon.How would Sid's illness be classified?

A) chronic
B) acute
C) crisis
D) preventive

Question 20

In the early 1900s,more than half of American women gave birth at home.Today,around 99 percent of all births take place in hospitals.This is an example of

A) chronic care.
B) medicalization.
C) palliative care.
D) the tragedy of the commons.

Question 21

Epidemiologists predict that rates of certain diseases or viruses may dramatically increase when vector organisms enter new ecosystems due to global climate change.Which of the following have epidemiologists linked to climate change?

A) diabetes
B) obesity
C) malaria
D) HIV/AIDS

Question 22

Kendra is a lower-class American.She lives in public housing,did not finish high school,experiences lapses in employment,and has a hard time making financial ends meet.Kendra is twice as likely as people who are not living in poverty to

A) visit a doctor for yearly checkups.
B) have an above-average life expectancy.
C) report having good physical well-being.
D) suffer from depression.

Question 23

In the early twentieth century,women who had children out of wedlock were considered to be feebleminded or to suffer from mental problems.They were also thought more likely to give birth to children who were also feebleminded.Today,this attitude seems ridiculous.This is an example of

A) preventative medicine.
B) epidemiological change.
C) the social construction of mental illness.
D) a disease risk being amplified by social factors.

Question 24

There is evidence that ________ make(s)men more sick.

A) biological factors
B) traditional male gender role expectations
C) traditional female gender role expectations
D) gender inequality

Question 25

Epidemiologists are currently studying the role of climate change in the spread of diseases globally.They have found that increases in temperature can also increase the numbers of

A) vector organisms.
B) food deserts.
C) chronic diseases.
D) pathogens.

Question 26

Since HIV/AIDS was first identified in the early 1980s,approximately ________ people have died from having contracted the virus.

A) 35,000,000
B) 250,000
C) 3,000,000
D) 100,000,000

Question 27

Research shows that in the years when the diagnostic criteria of autism changed,the odds of a patient being diagnosed with autism

A) increased.
B) decreased.
C) remained stable.
D) fluctuated.

Question 28

________ gather and analyze data on particular illnesses: how,where,and to whom they are spread; and how to stop their spread.

A) Sociologists
B) Psychologists
C) Epidemiologists
D) Entomologists

Question 29

Emily Rosenbaum (2008)found that it was more common for ________ in New York City to live in substandard housing located in marginalized neighborhoods.

A) whites and Asians
B) Asians and blacks
C) blacks and Hispanics
D) Hispanics and whites

Question 30

What is an epidemic called when it spreads across national borders,across continents,or around the world?

A) an epidemiology
B) a vector organism
C) a deprivation amplification
D) a pandemic

Question 31

Epidemiologists predict that ________ rates may dramatically increase when vector organisms and animals enter new ecosystems due to global climate change.

A) heart disease
B) obesity
C) plague
D) cancer

Question 32

Many health inequities that people of lower socioeconomic status experience are further exacerbated in ________ groups.

A) older
B) family
C) minority
D) majority

Question 33

Why is it that in Central Europe and Central Asia,intravenous drug use is responsible for most HIV/AIDS cases,but in sub-Saharan Africa,HIV/AIDS is a general problem spread through the entire population?

A) HIV/AIDS is a different disease depending on where it is.
B) HIV/AIDS is a different epidemic depending on where it is.
C) HIV/AIDS is distributed equally throughout the world.
D) HIV/AIDS spreads differently based on climate.

Question 34

You are an American with a lower socioeconomic status.You are a racial minority,live in public housing,and you work at a physically labor-intensive job.You are supporting a family of four on your wages.It is likely that you

A) have a number of ailments like arthritis and asthma.
B) view physical labor as preventative medicine.
C) report having good physical well-being.
D) engage in regular good health practices.

Question 35

Epidemiologists are currently studying the role of ________ in the spread of diseases globally.

A) alternative medicine
B) integrative medicine
C) cultural competence
D) climate change

Question 36

The more strongly men identify with stereotypical ideas about masculinity,the more likely they are to

A) come into contact with vector organisms.
B) have a longer life expectancy than women.
C) avoid risky lifestyle behaviors (such as smoking, drinking, and driving fast).
D) avoid preventive health care.

Question 37

________ carry and spread germs in geographic locations around the world.

A) Vaccines
B) Vector organisms
C) Bioethics
D) Eugenics

Question 38

HIV/AIDS is considered a(n)

A) epidemic.
B) pandemic.
C) sick role.
D) rescission.

Question 39

What is the study of the social aspects of diseases?

A) eugenics
B) physiology
C) medicalization
D) epidemiology

Question 40

Malaria is a serious health concern in Cambodia.In some villages,especially those surrounded by forests,the rate of malaria infection is 40 percent.Due to your extensive professional experience with the study of social disease patterns,you have been asked to research the problem for the World Health Organization.You are MOST likely a(n)

A) psychologist.
B) politician.
C) integrative medicine doctor.
D) epidemiologist.

Question 41

Talcott Parsons researched ________ from a structural functionalist perspective.

A) the medical establishment
B) cultural competence
C) the sick role
D) doctors' power and status

Question 42

Jordan has been suffering from sinus pain for several months and his physician prescribes over-the-counter decongestants and acupuncture.This is an example of ________ medicine.

A) conventional Western
B) alternative
C) curative
D) integrative

Question 43

Researchers found that poorer Louisville residents suffered greater rates of illness and died earlier than wealthier ones.Of what is this an example?

A) deprivation amplification
B) food deserts
C) an epidemic
D) the sick role

Question 44

Since ordinary consumers do not have the expertise to evaluate prescription drugs,to what desire do pharmaceutical companies often appeal?

A) learning more about the medication
B) happy relationships
C) avoiding doctors
D) "being in the driver's seat" regarding our health

Question 45

The concept of acknowledging and incorporating a patient's cultural background as part of the treatment process is called

A) patient rights.
B) cultural competence.
C) the Association of American Medical Colleges.
D) crisis medicine.

Question 46

Studies of doctor-patient relations find that

A) in a medical setting, doctors automatically have more status and power.
B) in the sick role, patients automatically have more status and power.
C) doctors and patients interact as equals unless they disagree about the diagnoses.
D) status and power vary and are established in the doctor-patient interaction.

Question 47

People have an increased risk of obesity,diabetes,or heart disease if they live in a(n)

A) densely populated urban area.
B) sparsely populated rural area.
C) East Coast city.
D) food desert.

Question 48

Which of the following U.S.presidents described comprehensive health-care reform as the highest priority on his unfinished agenda for America?

A) Franklin Delano Roosevelt
B) Richard Nixon
C) George W. Bush
D) Bill Clinton

Question 49

The American Medical Association

A) creates, maintains, legitimizes, and controls medicine in the United States.
B) really has had a hands-off approach to medicine, while corporations have had more say.
C) really has had a hands-off approach to medicine, while the government has had more say.
D) is a complicated organization with a long history of social policy advocacy around improving health for all Americans regardless of social class, racial or ethnic group, or gender.

Question 50

Rescission refers to

A) stabilizing the price of health care.
B) insurance companies canceling a client's coverage only after the person gets sick.
C) insurance companies denying health-care coverage due to a preexisting condition.
D) a client's inability to pay for health insurance due to economic hardship.

Question 51

Is medicine in the United States a social institution?

A) Yes, because doctors need licenses to practice.
B) No, because it is more of an ideal than a social institution.
C) Yes, because organizations like the American Medical Association set policy and shape definitions of health and illness throughout the nation.
D) No, because organizations like the American Medical Association are brick-and-mortar places and not really large-scale patterns of interaction.

Question 52

________ is a group of medical treatments,practices,and products that includes practices like acupuncture,homeopathy,hypnosis,and meditation as well as traditional healers like shamans and movement therapies like Pilates.

A) The 2010 Health Care Reform Act
B) Curative medicine
C) Bioethics
D) Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)

Question 53

Mark lives in a densely populated American city and he buys groceries from the nearby corner store.The corner store mostly sells food that is canned or frozen and doesn't have a lot of variety.What can we infer about Mark?

A) He lives in a food desert.
B) He practices alternative medicine.
C) There is a large grocery store nearby, but he prefers the corner store.
D) He eats nutritious meals every day.

Question 54

What is it called when our individual,genetic,and physiological illness and disease risks are exacerbated by social factors like the neighborhood where we live,race,ethnic and class inequality,and corporate and governmental policies and practices?

A) medicalization
B) deprivation amplification
C) a food desert
D) impression management

Question 55

What have both classic and more recent studies of hospital experiences found?

A) The hospital experience is often dehumanizing, and the power of the institutions to define diagnoses is heavily skewed.
B) The hospital experience is usually highly satisfactory to patients and doctors alike.
C) Mixed results have been found as studies are of varying ages.
D) Mixed findings were revealed as different studies used different research methods.

Question 56

Death and illness in a population are bad for the productivity of the system and are destabilizing forces.Which theory takes this approach to medicine?

A) structural functionalism
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interactionism
D) the sick role

Question 57

C.Wright Mills used the term "sociological imagination" to refer to important interconnections between personal troubles and public issues.What would he have said about deprivation amplification?

A) Public issues cause poor health, so work must be done to more properly address disease rates solely at the public level.
B) Personal troubles cause poor health, so work must be done to more properly address disease rates solely at the personal level.
C) Both public issues and personal troubles contribute to poor health, so work must be done at both levels to more properly address disease rates.
D) Neither public issues nor personal troubles contribute to poor health, so work done at these levels would not address disease rates any differently.

Question 58

A neighborhood that has no grocery store,but more liquor,convenience,and fast food outlets than most other locations is referred to as a(n)

A) social institution.
B) epidemic.
C) pandemic.
D) food desert.

Question 59

What does one call the study of controversial,moral,or ethical issues related to scientific and medical advancements?

A) curative medicine
B) bioethics
C) medicalization
D) conflict theory

Question 60

The 2010 Health Care Reform Act (commonly called the ACA or "Obamacare")

A) allowed insurance companies to deny coverage to anyone with preexisting conditions.
B) required births to occur in a hospital instead of at home.
C) included many insurance reforms and aimed to increase the number of Americans receiving health care.
D) provided universal health care for all citizens by providing each person with state-run insurance.

Question 61

Until Congress passed ________ in 2010,the United States was the only industrialized nation without some form of nationalized health care.

Question 62

Which sociological perspective would pay close attention to how stigma is related to disease?

Question 63

________ health care makes ill patients more comfortable and prepares them for the end of life.

A) Integrative
B) Alternative
C) Palliative
D) Comprehensive

Question 64

Which sociological perspective would consider the inequalities between the haves and have nots in health care?

Question 65

Another word for curative medicine is ________ medicine.

Question 66

According to Nahin and colleagues,the Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)category Americans spend the most money on is self-care.

Question 67

Which sociological perspective would view disease as a threat to social order?

Question 68

List one way the social meaning of the causes of mental illness has changed considerably over time.

Question 69

Genetic testing in utero can inform parents of possible genetic mutations in the embryo.There are ethical concerns regarding this type of genetic testing because some assert that the selection of only healthy babies is a form of

A) eugenics.
B) epidemic.
C) genocide.
D) bioethics.

Question 70

Gwyneth Paltrow was the actress and entrepreneur who created Goop,which sells vitamins and supplements as well as subscriptions to health advice from various sources.

Question 71

Surgery and drugs have become acceptable treatments for obesity.What is the term that describes this social process?

Question 72

Paolo broke a finger playing soccer and was seen by a medical practitioner soon after the accident.How would his ailment be classified?

Question 73

What approach to medicine are we using when we take care of a person at the end of his or her life,consider his or her quality of life,and ensure his or her comfort and safety?

Question 74

A disease that occurs in significantly higher numbers than might otherwise be expected is called ________.

Question 75

What is the name of the association that conducts large-scale research projects on college student populations with the aim of addressing student health issues and providing support programs and services for them?

Question 76

What environmental factor have epidemiologists found increases the spread of diseases via vector organisms?

Question 77

The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC)has recommended changes regarding cultural competence as well as ways in which the changes can be evaluated.

Question 78

________ is a scientific endeavor that seeks to identify and map the genes that make up human DNA.

A) Medicalization
B) The Human Genome Project
C) Eugenics
D) The 2010 Health Care Reform Act

Question 79

In a 2016 study,Tsugawa and colleagues found that elderly patients who were hospitalized had better health outcomes if male doctors rather than female doctors treated them.

Question 80

A disease that covers a large geographical region such as a continent or the entire globe is called ________.