Deck 2: Understanding Human Sexuality: Theory and Research

Question 1

A man wants to rid himself of sexual fantasies of young boys.A therapist shows the man pictures of boys; if he responds with an erection,he receives an electric shock.Which theoretical perspective does this demonstrate? 

A) psychoanalytic 
B) behavioural 
C) humanistic 
D) cognitive

Answer 1

  B

Question 2

According to sociological theory,what is the first factor that influences our values about what is sexually right or wrong? 

A) peer pressure 
B) family 
C) cultural expectations 
D) media

Answer 2

  B

Question 3

What statement best describes feminist theory? 

A) The social construction of sexuality is based on power. 
B) Women are no longer seen as subordinate and submissive in our culture. 
C) Sexuality is governed by biological gender differences more than other factors. 
D) The social construction of sexuality is based on the media.

Answer 3

  A

Question 4

Paul is writing an essay critiquing Freud's theory.What is most likely the central theme of Paul's paper? 

A) Freud did not consider unconscious influences on behaviour. 
B) Freud's theory is unscientific. 
C) Freud only studied healthy people. 
D) Freud relied on correlational methods.

Question 5

According to evolutionary theory,why do we enter a sexual relationship? 

A) to fulfill societal expectations to marry and start a family 
B) to exert power over another person 
C) to receive physical gratification 
D) to pass on our genes

Question 6

Which theory emphasizes the structure of the personality on the unconscious nature of sexuality? 

A) psychoanalytic 
B) behavioural 
C) social learning 
D) queer

Question 7

What type of theorist conducted the most sex research in the late nineteenth century? 

A) biologist 
B) sociologist 
C) physician 
D) psychoanalyst

Question 8

If Freud is correct,when are sexual urges least important to a child? 

A) oral stage 
B) anal stage 
C) phallic stage 
D) latency stage

Question 9

What did Freud believe takes place during the phallic stage of development? 

A) Girls develop penis envy. 
B) Boys go through the Electra complex. 
C) The id begins to develop. 
D) It is the final stage of sexual development.

Question 10

Who would be most likely label homosexual behaviour as pathological? 

A) Magnus Hirschfeld 
B) Richard von Krafft-Ebing 
C) Katharine Bement Davis 
D) Clelia Mosher

Question 11

Emma is reading a case study from Freud.The subject of the case study is a girl in the phallic stage.According to Freud,what will the child experience during this stage? 

A) Girls develop penis envy. 
B) Boys go through the Electra complex. 
C) The id begins to develop. 
D) It is the final stage of sexual development.

Question 12

Who founded the Institute for Sexology,believed that homosexuality was genetic,and argued for the repeal of laws against homosexuality and bisexuality? 

A) Magnus Hirschfeld 
B) Richard von Krafft-Ebing 
C) Havelock Ellis 
D) William Masters

Question 13

Which type of theorist would recommend treating sexual disorders by rewarding desired behaviours? 

A) psychoanalyst 
B) behaviourist 
C) biologist 
D) feminist

Question 14

Dr.Rumpel has just published a book titled Sex Begins With the Brain.Which type of theorist is Dr.Rumpel? 

A) humanistic 
B) cognitive 
C) social learning 
D) evolutionary

Question 15

What was the primary focus of sexual research in the nineteenth century? 

A) women and orgasms 
B) male sexual response 
C) contraception development 
D) atypical and unhealthy sexuality

Question 16

What was the religious background of many of the early sex researchers? 

A) Islam 
B) Jewish 
C) Christianity 
D) agnostic

Question 17

What is related to humanistic theory in the same way that operant conditioning is related to behavioural theory? 

A) psychosexual development 
B) aversion therapy 
C) self-actualization 
D) physiology

Question 18

Patricia has just written a paper exploring the ways that legalizing gay marriage has affected gay communities in Canada.What type of theorist is Patricia? 

A) sociologist 
B) behaviourist 
C) humanist 
D) cognitive

Question 19

Which type of theorist would most likely say "how one behaves as a man or a woman is controlled primarily by our genes"? 

A) sociological 
B) cognitive 
C) biological 
D) humanistic

Question 20

What statement best describes queer theory? 

A) It is important for research to uncover the cause of homosexuality. 
B) Sexuality education should focus on teaching gender differences. 
C) Sexual orientation categories lead to limited views of sexuality. 
D) Research findings should be separated based on sexual orientation.

Question 21

Who was the first researcher to ask Americans about their sexual behaviour and who discovered that most of the U.S.women surveyed thought sexual intercourse was for pleasure and reproduction? 

A) Clelia Mosher 
B) Havelock Ellis 
C) Albert Moll 
D) Alfred Kinsey

Question 22

In an experiment,what variable does the experimenter manipulate? 

A) independent 
B) confounding 
C) intervening 
D) dependent

Question 23

Where were Morton Hunt's findings on sexual behaviours during the 1970s published? 

A) government reports 
B) Playboy 
C) Cosmopolitan 
D) Time

Question 24

Which statement best summarizes Evelyn Hooker's research? 

A) There was an unusually high rate of STIs among lesbian subjects in her study. 
B) Her research confirmed that homosexuality was a mental illness. 
C) She found no fundamental psychological differences between gay and straight men. 
D) She did the first comprehensive study of bisexuality in women.

Question 25

A researcher who wants to study the sexual behaviour of adults in Canada uses a university-level human sexuality class to get participants.What sample method is the researcher using? 

A) 100% sampling 
B) random sampling 
C) sample of convenience 
D) sample of variance

Question 26

A sexologist teaching at a university offers students the option of writing a term paper or participating in a sexuality survey.What challenge would this pose for the findings from the survey? 

A) over generalizability 
B) interviewer bias 
C) 100% sampling bias 
D) volunteer bias

Question 27

Why are Morton Hunt's research results NOT considered generalizable? 

A) His study included only adolescents. 
B) His study included only heterosexual males. 
C) He only included students enrolled in his courses. 
D) He only included people with listed phone numbers.

Question 28

How did Alfred Kinsey obtain most of his research data? 

A) laboratory observations 
B) interviews 
C) case studies 
D) online surveys

Question 29

What is a disadvantage of correlational research? 

A) The results cannot be generalizable to a larger group of people. 
B) It is difficult to get informed consent. 
C) It provides no information about causation. 
D) It is the most time-consuming of all research methods.

Question 30

Who sought a medical degree primarily to study sexuality and reported that homosexuality and masturbation were not abnormal? 

A) Alfred Kinsey 
B) Katherine Bement Davis 
C) Albert Moll 
D) Havelock Ellis

Question 31

"Women have sexual appetites equal to men and they do not necessarily need men to satisfy those appetites." Who would agree most strongly with this statement? 

A) Magnus Hirschfield 
B) Katherine Bement Davis 
C) Sigmund Freud 
D) Clelia Mosher

Question 32

A couple comes to a lab and has sexual intercourse first with no one observing and then comes back and has sex while hooked up to a variety of instruments to measure changes in erection and vaginal lubrication.Who might have conducted the study? 

A) William Masters and Virginia Johnson 
B) Alfred Kinsey and Clelia Mosher 
C) Alan Bell and Martin Weinberg 
D) Evelyn Hooker and Morton Hunt

Question 33

According to the text,who is considered the most influential sex researcher of the twentieth century? 

A) Havelock Ellis 
B) Clelia Mosher 
C) Alfred Kinsey 
D) Virginia Johnson

Question 34

How did the National Health and Social Life Survey of the early 1990s improve upon the results from Kinsey's work several decades earlier? 

A) It used written questionnaires instead of participant-observation methods. 
B) The sample was restricted to a smaller geographic region. 
C) It used better sampling techniques. 
D) It was funded through private sources.

Question 35

What is a major limitation of the case study method of research? 

A) The results cannot be generalized to a larger group of people. 
B) It is impossible to get informed consent from the subjects. 
C) Researchers cannot guarantee anonymity. 
D) They are the most costly of all research methods.

Question 36

A researcher wants to study people's behaviour on first dates so she joins an Internet dating service.What type of research method is this an example of? 

A) correlational 
B) Internet-based 
C) participant observation 
D) experimental

Question 37

A university student spent hours answering hundreds of questions asked by an interviewer.The questions were easy to understand and the student was assured all responses would remain confidential.Who might have conducted the study? 

A) William Masters and Virginia Johnson 
B) Alfred Kinsey 
C) Alan Bell and Martin Weinberg 
D) Katherine Bement Davis

Question 38

Martha was a participant of a landmark study on sexuality.The study involved her being observed while she engaged in sexual behaviour with her partner.Whose study was Martha most likely a part of? 

A) Hunt's 
B) Hooker's 
C) Kinsey's 
D) Masters and Johnson's

Question 39

What research technique did Masters and Johnson primarily use? 

A) questionnaire 
B) interview 
C) experiment 
D) observation

Question 40

Which statement best describes a finding from Masters and Johnson's research? 

A) Sexual desire diminishes significantly in old age. 
B) Women are capable of multiple orgasms. 
C) Vaginal orgasms are more intense than clitoral orgasms. 
D) Males are more likely to experience sexual dysfunction.

Question 41

Which of the following best describes a goal of future sex research? 

A) improved collaboration between researchers of various disciplines 
B) less involvement from the federal government 
C) more focus on the physiological and biological aspects of sexuality 
D) less reliance on studies conducted from university counselling programs

Question 42

Sex research has become fragmented over the last few decades.

Question 43

A research process is a set of assumptions,principles,and methods that help a researcher understand the nature of the phenomenon being studied.

Question 44

Sigmund Freud believed that our basic personality is formed by events that happen to us in the first six years of life.

Question 45

Queer theory supports slow,steady social change.

Question 46

Which group conducted a well-known global study of sexuality? 

A) Kinsey Institute 
B) Margaret Sanger Foundation 
C) Pfizer Pharmaceuticals 
D) Cosmopolitan magazine

Question 47

In the 2010 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior,findings showed that the rate of vaginal intercourse among heterosexual teens is increasing rapidly.

Question 48

What is a potential advantage of Internet-based sex research? 

A) Informed consent is not necessary. 
B) Participants might be more truthful because of anonymity. 
C) Volunteer bias is eliminated. 
D) Participants can submit multiple responses to a survey.

Question 49

Garrett was recently reprimanded in school for accusing a girl of having "cooties." According to Freud,what psychosexual stage is Garrett in? 

A) anal 
B) latency 
C) phallic 
D) genital

Question 50

Why are findings from the National College Health Assessment NOT generalizable? 

A) The study was conducted during the 1970s. 
B) Only schools from the Midwest are included. 
C) Only students who use student health services are included. 
D) Schools pay to participate in the study.

Question 51

Early sex researchers from the nineteenth century concentrated on the healthy and positive aspects of sexuality.

Question 52

Which statement best describes the findings of cross-cultural studies? 

A) Those with a written language have the lowest rates of masturbation. 
B) Sexual intercourse is most common when couples wake up in the morning. 
C) Women usually initiate foreplay in heterosexual relationships. 
D) Female orgasmic ability differs significantly from culture to culture.

Question 53

A researcher doing in-depth interviews often asks the same questions in different ways during the interview to assure accurate and honest responses.How does this impact the results? 

A) It reduced volunteer bias. 
B) It reduces interviewer bias. 
C) It increases validity. 
D) It increases reliability.

Question 54

In his studies from the 1950s,Kinsey found that the majority of heterosexual couples only had sex in the missionary style.

Question 55

If someone filled out an in-school questionnaire when they were in grade eight and have been interviewed four more times throughout adulthood,which study did they most likely participate in? 

A) The Youth Risk Behavior Survey 
B) The National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior 
C) The National Survey of Family Growth 
D) The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health

Question 56

Sociological theorists analyze gender roles as the most significant way that an individual's sexuality identity is formed.

Question 57

Masters and Johnson gathered sexuality data primarily through case studies.

Question 58

Who is most likely to participate in a sex research study? 

A) Jacob, who is sexually experienced but somewhat conservative 
B) Anna, who is sexually experienced and more liberal 
C) Joshua, who is sexually experienced and more liberal 
D) Melissa, who has had oral sex and is more liberal

Question 59

Behavioural theorists commonly use aversion therapy to change unwanted sexuality related behaviours.

Question 60

What statement best describes the findings from the United States 2010 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior? 

A) Rates of vaginal intercourse among young teens have increased dramatically. 
B) Partnered sex is more common than masturbation during old age. 
C) Few men reported that their partner had orgasm during their most recent sexual interaction. 
D) A high percentage of sexually active male teenagers reported using condoms the last time they engaged in sexual behaviour.

Question 61

Explain how the Internet can be used in sex research.What are some of the specific benefits and drawbacks of this method?

Question 62

Compare and contrast three of the following theories using sexuality related examples: behavioural,social learning,cognitive,humanistic,biological,evolutionary,or sociological,feminist,or queer.

Question 63

Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of Freud's psychoanalytic theory.

Question 64

Contrast the different perspectives social learning theorists and evolutionary theorists would take towards studying children's gender development?

Question 65

What are four common problems to be considered when conducting sex research? Discuss how each one is a specific problem related to sex research.

Question 66

The main limitation of a correlational study is that it doesn't provide any information about cause.

Question 67

Conservative politicians have repeatedly been successful in eliminating funding for sex research.

Question 68

Explain how sex research has been problem driven and give two examples.

Question 69

Identify the advantages and disadvantages of using interviews and questionnaires in sex-related research?

Question 70

List two sex researchers discussed in the text and explain two contributions to the field of sexuality made by each of them.

Question 71

Describe steps that Kinsey took with his choice of sampling and data collection methods to avoid bias in his findings.

Question 72

Researchers using methods of direct observation find that getting participants for their studies is fairly easy among college student populations.

Question 73

Female orgasmic ability varies greatly from culture to culture.

Question 74

The National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior found that 80% of sexually active boys between the ages of 14 and 17 reported using condoms the last time they engaged in sexual behaviour.

Question 75

Identify two findings from Marshall and Suggs' large-scale cross-cultural study of sexuality,one of the largest cultural studies ever done on sexuality?