Deck 9: Sexual Orientation

Question 1

If homosexuality is caused by genes,what is the expected concordance rate between monozygotic twins? 

A) 25 
B) 50 
C) 75 
D) 100

Answer 1

  D

Question 2

When did Canada legalize consensual homosexuality between adults in private? 

A) 1949 
B) 1959 
C) 1969 
D) 1979

Answer 2

  C

Question 3

In addition to incorporating seven dimensions of sexual orientation into his model of sexual orientation,what else does Klein include as an important factor? 

A) the concept of time-past, present, future 
B) the difference between a person's moral beliefs and their actual behaviours 
C) the number of same-sex partners someone has before being considered homosexual 
D) if a person's first sexual experience was with someone of the same-sex or someone of the opposite sex

Answer 3

  A

Question 4

What is the concordance rate of homosexuality among identical twins? 

A) 5 
B) 17 
C) 43 
D) 79

Question 5

Which theory would contend that homosexuality is the result of various reinforcements and punishments? 

A) sociological 
B) systems 
C) behavioural 
D) interactional

Question 6

What is one criticism of the current theories that attempt to explain sexual orientation? 

A) They ignore gender differences. 
B) They ignore the interaction between biology, social, and cultural factors. 
C) They ignore bisexuality. 
D) They ignore physical differences between gay and straight people.

Question 7

Which statement best describes the rates of homosexuality among males and females? 

A) There are more lesbians than gay men. 
B) There are about equal numbers of gay men, lesbians, and bisexuals. 
C) There are more gay men than lesbians. 
D) There are more bisexuals than gay men and lesbians combined.

Question 8

Which factor has been found to predict homosexuality? 

A) birth order 
B) prenatal hormones 
C) androgen levels in adult men 
D) exposure to influenza

Question 9

Which Canadian Prime Minister said "There is no place for the state in the bedrooms of the nation"? 

A) John Diefenbaker 
B) Pierre Trudeau 
C) Brian Mulroney 
D) Stephen Harper

Question 10

What is the basis for a score on the Kinsey scale? 

A) sexual behaviour 
B) sexual fantasies 
C) emotional attachments 
D) self-definition

Question 11

When people's behaviour and beliefs about their sexual orientation are in conflict,how do social scientists usually define them? 

A) by their emotional attachments 
B) by their sexual fantasies 
C) by their sexual behaviours 
D) by their sexual self-concept

Question 12

How did many scientists during the 1930s and 1940s try to explain homosexuality? 

A) by exploring physical differences between male and female gay and straight people 
B) by exploring gay men's and women's motivations to identify as homosexual 
C) by exploring brain differences between gay and straight men and women 
D) by exploring the family backgrounds of gay men and women

Question 13

Which statement best describes psychoanalytic theory and sexual orientation? 

A) Freud believed people were inherently bisexual at birth. 
B) Freud saw male homosexuality as the result of normal maturation. 
C) Freud argued that homosexuals were just as well adjusted as heterosexuals. 
D) Freud predicted that males who were abandoned by their mother were more likely to be homosexual.

Question 14

What has physiological research related to sexual orientation focused on? 

A) body shape 
B) voice tone 
C) amount of body hair 
D) finger-length patterns

Question 15

What conclusion is most likely to be reached based on evidence from studies of biological differences in sexual orientation? 

A) Biological factors are much stronger for lesbians than for gay men. 
B) Biology allows us to predict close to 90 percent of people who will be homosexual. 
C) Biology probably interacts with social influences in predicting homosexuality. 
D) Biology plays no role in influencing sexual orientation.

Question 16

How did Kinsey conceptualize sexual orientation? 

A) more dependent on emotions and fantasies than on behaviour 
B) best understood as a continuum of behaviour 
C) as two separate dichotomous categories 
D) based on past and present behaviour

Question 17

What did Kinsey's non-random sample reveal about the rates of homosexual behaviour? 

A) About 10 percent of White men have sex mostly with men for at least three years of their adult lives. 
B) About 10 percent of White women have sex mostly with women for at least four years of their adult lives. 
C) About 70 percent of men have at least one sexual experience with another man results in orgasm. 
D) About 40 percent of women have at least one sexual experience with another woman that results in an orgasm.

Question 18

What has been found to be related to birth order and sexual orientation? 

A) Gay men have more older brothers than heterosexual men. 
B) Gay men have more older sisters than heterosexual men. 
C) Gay men are typically the oldest child. 
D) Gay men are more likely to be only children.

Question 19

What claim was made by researchers in the 1930s and 1940s? 

A) Gay men had narrow shoulders and broad hips. 
B) Gay men had small penises. 
C) Lesbian women had smaller uteruses. 
D) Lesbian women had smaller vulvas.

Question 20

When was Everett Klippert labelled as dangerous sex offender? 

A) 1940s 
B) 1950s 
C) 1960s 
D) 1970s

Question 21

Jared is a gay man and he intentionally exaggerates gay stereotypes.What behaviour is Jared displaying? 

A) narcissism 
B) the Oedipus complex 
C) heteronormativity 
D) camp

Question 22

According to the text,what practice is used in South Africa to punish lesbian women? 

A) corrective rape 
B) community isolation 
C) spiritual ceremonies 
D) genital mutilation

Question 23

Who would be more likely to hold a negative view of homosexuals? 

A) Sara, a 25-year old college graduate who has had five heterosexual sexual partners and is a Christian 
B) Jarrod, a 25-year-old college graduate who has had only one heterosexual partner and is an Atheist 
C) Doug, a 40-year-old college graduate who is not married, is Catholic, and holds very traditional attitudes about gender roles 
D) Joyce, a 40-year-old doctoral student who is divorced and does not subscribe to any specific religious affiliation

Question 24

According to the text,what is homophobia? 

A) an anxiety about being in the presence of homosexuals 
B) hatred and violence towards homosexuals 
C) a fear of homosexuals and homosexuality 
D) strongly negative attitudes toward homosexuals and homosexuality

Question 25

Which statement best describes many Central and South American countries' views of same-sex sexual behaviour? 

A) Any sexual contact between men is considered homosexual. 
B) A man is not considered a homosexual if he takes an active, penetrating role with male sexual partners. 
C) Masculine and feminine roles are equally valued therefore homosexuality is not looked down upon. 
D) A man is not considered a homosexual if he takes a passive role in anal intercourse with another man.

Question 26

According to the six-stage model of gay and lesbian identity formation,what is the last stage in which the individual becomes fully comfortable with his or her sexual orientation and considers all aspects of his or her personality? 

A) identity tolerance 
B) identity acceptance 
C) identity pride 
D) identity synthesis

Question 27

How was homosexuality viewed in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? 

A) as a sin 
B) as a mental illness 
C) as a physical illness 
D) as a normal expression of sexuality

Question 28

Gary is an 82-year-old gay man.He has low self-esteem and has experienced psychological distress throughout life.Which of the following is the most likely cause for these problems? 

A) internalized homophobia 
B) heterosexism 
C) heterophobia 
D) homosexism

Question 29

Why did the Azande people of Central Africa condone marriages between boys and warriors? 

A) to control population 
B) to improve defense 
C) to improve farming 
D) to intimidate other tribes

Question 30

Which statement best describes the Church's stance on homosexuality through the first 1,000 years of Christianity? 

A) Initially the Church was concerned with only male homosexuality. 
B) Initially the Church was concerned with female homosexuality. 
C) From the very beginning, the Church enforced strict sanctions against homosexuality. 
D) For the first 1,000 years of Christianity, the Church was fairly indifferent towards homosexuality.

Question 31

What is the acronym for the organization that provides specific support to relatives with family members who are homosexual? 

A) LBGAT 
B) FFLGB 
C) PFLAG 
D) FMLAG

Question 32

Which statement best describes children raised by same-sex parents? 

A) When compared to those of opposite-sex parents, children of same-sex parents have higher levels of psychological problems. 
B) Children raised by same-sex couples are more likely to engage in sexual experimentation. 
C) Children raised by same-sex couples are less likely to succeed academically compared to their peers raised by opposite-sex parents. 
D) Children of same-sex parents have been found to be equally well socially, emotionally, and cognitively compared to children of heterosexual parents.

Question 33

When someone wants to "come out," who are they most likely to disclose their sexual orientation to first? 

A) mother 
B) father 
C) sibling 
D) friend

Question 34

What personality trait did Freud assume was linked to homosexuality? 

A) narcissism 
B) aggression 
C) extraversion 
D) repression

Question 35

What was referred to as a "Boston marriage"? 

A) two bachelors setting up house together 
B) two spinsters setting up house together 
C) a homosexual man marrying a heterosexual woman 
D) a homosexual woman marrying a heterosexual man

Question 36

Which statement best describes lesbian,gay,and bisexual seniors? 

A) Most seniors report higher levels of happiness when they have not disclosed their homosexuality to others. 
B) Seniors tend to be more comfortable with their identity and experience low levels of internalized homophobia. 
C) Nursing home staff has been found to be intolerant or condemning toward homosexual and bisexual residents. 
D) Gay and lesbian seniors are more likely to become involved in another long-term relationship if their partner dies than their heterosexual peers.

Question 37

What term describes the assumption that everyone has opposite-sex attraction and will eventually form a long-term relationship with a member of the opposite-sex? 

A) homophobia 
B) heterosexism 
C) heterophobia 
D) homosexism

Question 38

Which statement accurately describes same-sex sexual relations in Asian countries? 

A) China was one of the first countries in the world to remove homosexuality from its list of mental disorders. 
B) Homosexuality is often seen as a result of Western influences, considered a "Western social disease." 
C) Most Asian countries tolerate same-sex marriage. 
D) In India being a gay man is considered more acceptable than being a lesbian woman.

Question 39

Statistically speaking,who would be more likely to experience thoughts of suicide as well as higher levels of binge drinking? 

A) Samantha, a 20-year old heterosexual female 
B) Sheila, a 20-year old lesbian female 
C) Daniel, a 20-year-old gay male 
D) Derrick, a 20-year old bisexual male

Question 40

In ancient Rome,who could not take the receptive role in same-sex behaviour? 

A) a prostitute 
B) a free-born male 
C) a slave 
D) a captive soldier

Question 41

The conceptualization of homosexuality is consistent across cultures.

Question 42

Sexual experimentation is highly correlated with sexual orientation.

Question 43

Reports of same-sex behaviour among males have been increasing at a higher rate than reports of same-sex behaviour among females.

Question 44

Which of the following is an example of heterosexism? 

A) refusing to hire someone who is gay 
B) asking a little girl if she is going to marry a prince when she grows up 
C) writing on invitations: "feel free to bring a friend" 
D) beating up a young man because he is homosexual

Question 45

In India,there is a higher level of acceptance for lesbians than for gay men.

Question 46

What is the term for the idea that all standards of correct behaviour are determined by one's own cultural background? 

A) ethnocentrism 
B) self-centrism 
C) heterocentrism 
D) culturalism

Question 47

New research in the area of prenatal and adult hormone levels is providing strong evidence for biological theories of sexual orientation.

Question 48

Which of the following has been found in lesbian relationships when they are compared to heterosexual relationships? 

A) more egalitarian relationships 
B) less empathy for each other 
C) higher levels of conflict 
D) less overall relationship satisfaction

Question 49

Similar to many Latin American countries,many Middle Eastern countries do not view the active,penetrating male sexual partner as homosexual.

Question 50

Who would most likely be most at-risk for physical and emotional health issues? 

A) Nicole, a White bisexual female 
B) Neesha, a Black lesbian female 
C) Nick, a White gay man 
D) Dean, a Black heterosexual man

Question 51

In Canada,where do most gay and lesbian immigrants come from? 

A) East Asia and the Indian subcontinent 
B) the Indian subcontinent and South America 
C) South Americans and Europe 
D) Europe and East Asia

Question 52

Intentionally exaggerating gay stereotypes is known as internalized homophobia.

Question 53

Freud argued that people were inherently bisexual.

Question 54

Which congregation would you join if you wanted to find a religious denomination that is the most accepting of homosexuality? 

A) Methodist 
B) Anglican 
C) United Church of Christ 
D) Presbyterian

Question 55

What can be concluded about reparative therapy? 

A) Research has found that in time, it is possible to change sexual orientation in about 80 percent of patients. 
B) Reparative therapy may do more harm than good. 
C) It is recommended by the American Psychological Association. 
D) Although sexual orientation may not change, many patients report being happier as a result of the therapy.

Question 56

Which statement best describes bisexual sexual orientation and identity? 

A) People who identify as bisexual tend to self-label earlier in life than gay or lesbian individuals. 
B) Bisexuals are more accepted than lesbians in both the heterosexual and homosexual communities. 
C) Bisexuality has been a sexual identity for hundreds of years. 
D) Compared to gays and lesbians, bisexuals have been found to have decreased social well-being.

Question 57

What is sequential bisexuality? 

A) having sexual partners of both sexes during the same period 
B) having sex exclusively with one gender followed by sex exclusively with the other 
C) identifies those who were in long-term heterosexual relationships before coming out as homosexual 
D) individuals (primarily men) who are married and have homosexual sexual relationships on the side

Question 58

People who experiment with same-sex sexual contact in the early teenage years are most likely to go on to identify as homosexual.

Question 59

Homosexual relationships have been used to curb population growth in some African cultures.

Question 60

What is contemporaneous bisexuality? 

A) having sexual partners of both sexes during the same time period 
B) having sexual fantasies and desires for both sexes but only engaging in heterosexual sexual behaviours 
C) having sex exclusively with one gender followed by sex exclusively with the other 
D) engaging in sexual behaviours with all genders but identifying as heterosexual

Question 61

Discuss issues that affect gay and lesbian immigrants in Canada

Question 62

Lesbian women in the workforce earn more than their heterosexual female peers.

Question 63

Discuss what some key points related to the issue of homosexuality across cultures.Be sure to illustrate your answer with examples from different cultures.

Question 64

Discuss how the medical model's view of homosexuality during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries influenced modern ideas of sexual orientation.

Question 65

Research shows that women's sexual identity is more fluid than men's.

Question 66

Outline both the Kinsey model of sexual orientation and the Klein model of sexual orientation.What is similar? What is different?

Question 67

Discuss how the medical model's view of homosexuality during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries influenced modern ideas of sexual orientation.

Question 68

Discuss some of the factors discussed in the text that commonly contribute to a person becoming homophobic.

Question 69

Explain how laws,the media,and education have all helped reduce homophobia and hate crimes.Be sure to use examples.

Question 70

Identify three different and common assumptions (perhaps myths)about gay and lesbian parents,and then describe what research studies show about these assumptions.

Question 71

Heterosexism is typically a very active form of discrimination.

Question 72

Rates of victimization from hate crimes are higher for boys than girls.

Question 73

Identify the six stages of gay and lesbian identify development.Briefly describe what happens at each stage.

Question 74

Explain how our views on homosexuality have changed from ancient times through the Middle Ages to current times.Be sure to include specific examples from each era to support your answer.

Question 75

Describe and discuss two of the following theories of homosexuality: biological,developmental,behavioural,sociological,and interactional.

Question 76

Today's teens are coming out at earlier ages than during other times in history.

Question 77

Homosexuals cannot experience homophobia.