Deck 3: Clinical Assessment, Classification, and Diagnosis

Question 1

If one particular group (e.g., Inuit)score in an abnormal manner on an IQ test, it means the group is abnormal.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Intelligence tests are based on the assumption that a person's intellectual functioning can predict success in school.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Imaging studies can be used to confirm diagnoses like ADHD and dementia.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Therapeutic assessment and clinical assessment are the same thing.

Question 5

The MMPI-2 can be used as a diagnostic measure.

Question 6

Predictive validity is a kind of criterion validity.

Question 7

Lack of awareness of assessment techniques is one reason clinicians do not engage in evidence-based assessment.

Question 8

DSM-5 uses a similar multiaxial system for diagnosis as DSM-IV-TR.

Question 9

Neurologists and neuropsychologists specialize in disorders of the central nervous system.

Question 10

Test norms represent the average score on a psychological test.

Question 11

The manner in which a clinical interview is conducted can impact the information obtained.

Question 12

The International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death (ICD)was the first attempt at classifying mental illness by the American Psychiatric Association.

Question 13

DSM stands for Disease and Statistics Manual.

Question 14

Clinical assessment is a completely objective process.

Question 15

A test can be reliable without being valid.

Question 16

If a person obtains a similar score on the same test taken twice, the test is said to have internal consistency reliability.

Question 17

CT and MRI scans can assess for structural damage in the brain.

Question 18

fMRI has been used to diagnose schizophrenia.

Question 19

A cognitive therapist will pay particular attention to a client's negative thoughts.

Question 20

Psychophysiological assessment measures arousal.

Question 21

The manner in which clinical assessment is completed depends on:

A)The presenting problem
B)The theoretical orientation of the client
C)The theoretical orientation of the therapist
D)Whether the therapist uses a structured interview or not

Question 22

Non-suicidal self-injury is not a disorder on its own, as it is a symptom of borderline personality disorder.

Question 23

Esther was given a memory test in January and administered a different memory test one year later. She scored almost identically on both tests. This indicates that the memory tests have

A)high test-retest reliability.
B)high inter-rater agreement.
C)alternate-form reliability.
D)none of the above are correct.

Question 24

Many graduate school applicants are required to take the Graduate Record Examination (GRE). If the applicants were successful and the university were to correlate the scores on their GRE with their first year grade point average (GPA), a high correlation would indicate:

A)High concurrent validity
B)High predictive validity
C)High content validity
D)High construct validity

Question 25

You are designing a new scale that measures adolescent problem eating behaviours. You decide to administer your test with the Eating Disorders Inventory, a 'gold standard' measurement instrument. This in an example of:

A)Case validity
B)Content validity
C)Concurrent validity
D)Construct validity

Question 26

While the DSM-5 was not able to fully embrace a dimensional approach to diagnosis, where possible, dimensional ratings exist to indicate severity.

Question 27

Joan was taking a test to measure levels of depression. All of the items covered the symptoms that are typical of depression. This inventory would be said to have:

A)High discriminant validity
B)High content validity
C)High criterion validity
D)High case validity

Question 28

DSM V-codes are for disorders that require further study.

Question 29

Jim was given an intelligence test in March, and re-administered the same test one year later. His score both times was the same. This indicates that the intelligence test has

A)high test-retest reliability.
B)high inter-rater agreement.
C)internal consistency.
D)none of the above are correct.

Question 30

Asperger's syndrome is a diagnosis in DSM-5.

Question 31

When psychologists find that people who experience delusions and hallucinations have schizophrenia, the diagnosis is said to have construct validity.

Question 32

When two independent raters come up with the same diagnosis for a client, the diagnosis is said to have construct validity.

Question 33

The process of clinical assessment involves

A)conducting individual and group psychotherapy.
B)figuring out clients' issues and what might improve their conditions.
C)testing the reliability and validity of a client's presenting symptoms.
D)all of the above.

Question 34

Dr. Hu is concerned about cheating in his abnormal psychology class. He decides to give two different versions of his final exam and finds that students performed better on one version than the other. He concludes that the students who did poorly must have cheated off students with the other form. This conclusion is:

A)Correct - good for him for catching the cheaters
B)Incorrect - there are too many other factors that could have influenced the difference
C)Incorrect - he may not have made sure each version of the test was equivalent
D)Inconclusive - based on this limited information, he could be right or wrong

Question 35

Diane was taking a personality test. The test has items that are all closely related to one another. This is an example of:

A)External validity
B)Internal consistency reliability
C)Internal validity
D)Test-retest reliability

Question 36

Dr. X and Dr. Y are diagnosing a patient. After administering the SCID for DSM-5, Dr. X decides the patient is suffering from schizophrenia while Dr. Y decides the patient is suffering from schizoaffective disorder. This kind of disagreement is an example of:

A)Low content reliability
B)Low predictive reliability
C)Low test-retest reliability
D)Low inter-rater reliability

Question 37

The DSM-5 is based on dimensional diagnostic criteria.

Question 38

The DSM is based on a medical model of disease.

Question 39

Stigmatization is a potential consequence of being diagnosed with mental illness.

Question 40

According to Canadian statistics, rates of autism are increasing.

Question 41

In some measure, the information collected by clinical interviewers during an assessment is limited by:

A)What the clinical interviewers are looking for
B)The mood of the clinical interviewers
C)The clients' readiness for psychotherapy
D)The therapists' acceptance of the clients' readiness for psychotherapy

Question 42

When a client is attributed a score of 1 on the SCID, what does the clinical interviewer do?

A)Skip to the next question
B)Administer another test
C)Review the question to ensure accuracy
D)Ask the same question a different way

Question 43

Dr. Bradley was conducting a clinical interview with Harold. When interviewed together with his father, Harold stated that he had never drunk alcohol. However, when interviewed later alone, Harold admitted that he got drunk every weekend. This example demonstrates the problem of

A)unconscious factors impacting the interview process.
B)the impact of situational factors on the validity of a clinical interview.
C)lack of standardization of interview questions.
D)too much structure in the interview process.

Question 44

Unlike a conversation with your friend, a clinical interviewer would focus on

A)structure.
B)how the person responds.
C)objectivity.
D)how the person uses humour.

Question 45

In a clinical interview, Dr. Carlson asks Maria to describe her early relationship with her mother, and she finds out that Maria was abused as a child. Dr. Bryson later interviews Maria, and asks what thoughts she has been having about her upcoming job promotion; he discovers that Maria is very anxious about not being able to perform well. These examples illustrate the importance of _______________ in clinical interviews.

A)situational factors
B)environmental factors
C)paradigms
D)structure

Question 46

At a university counselling centre, which question is most likely to elicit the most honest response?

A)"How often do you smoke pot
" asked by a 55 year old male therapist
B)"How often do you smoke pot
" asked by a 60 year old female therapist
C)"How often do you smoke pot
" asked by a 30 year old male therapist
D)"How often do you smoke pot
" asked by a 45 year old female therapist

Question 47

The psychodynamic clinician conducting therapy assumes that:

A)People are not aware of what is truly brings them to therapy
B)People will resolve their problems by observing their behaviour
C)People are fairly at ease to divulge personal matters from the start
D)None of the above

Question 48

Because interviewees often have difficulty recounting intensely personal matters, it is important that interviewers

A)have a clear paradigm.
B)establish rapport.
C)be alert to situational factors.
D)structure the interview.

Question 49

What characterizes the SCID?

A)It is a projective personality test.
B)It is a non-structured interview.
C)It has a branching system.
D)It has poor reliability.

Question 50

A clinician uses the SCID diagnostic interview to determine if Mary is suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The clinician decides that although Mary has some symptoms related to OCD, they do not reach the levels of severity or duration required for a diagnosis. Inspection of her SCID rating scores likely revealed:

A)She met the criteria for OCD not otherwise specified (NOS)
B)Only scores = 1
C)Some scores = 2
D)Numerous scores = 3

Question 51

What is the influence of adopting a paradigm when conducting a clinical interview?

A)It guides the content of the questions asked.
B)It specifies how the interviewer obtains information.
C)It directs the way the information will be interpreted.
D)All of the above.

Question 52

Ed appears to have social phobia; the determination of this diagnosis was made by his scores on a particular measure of social fear. Scores like his have been shown in the past to be related to social phobia, as well as correlated with a variety of measures of social and occupational disability associated with social phobia. The measure Ed took would be said to have:

A)High construct validity
B)High content validity
C)High criterion validity
D)High statistical validity

Question 53

Rogers (2003)argues for importance and utility of proper structured interviews because:

A)Research is showing they tend to have poor reliability
B)Research is showing that only half of depression cases are detected in primary settings
C)Research is showing they tend to have poor validity
D)Research is showing that too many cases of depression are detected in primary settings

Question 54

Which of the following is a structured interview?

A)MMPI
B)SCID
C)TAT
D)Rorschach

Question 55

Economic pressures, such as reimbursement for a limited number of sessions, has lead clinicians to use __________ when engaging in assessment.

A)evidence-based assessment tools
B)best-practice guidelines
C)unstructured clinical interviews
D)whatever tools the insurance company requests

Question 56

Dr. Burns is concerned about whether his interpretations about his client, Lisa, are truly representative of her and how she interacts with her world. He seems to be concerned about:

A)Predictive validity
B)Concurrent validity
C)Case validity
D)Actual validity

Question 57

Which of the following is true regarding interviewing the client?

A)It enables one to obtain vast amounts of information.
B)It is too subjective to be of much value in assessment.
C)It provides the most valid information in the assessment.
D)Behavioural clinicians consider it unnecessary.

Question 58

'Criterion' validity refers to:

A)Whether a measure adequately samples the domain of interest
B)The measurement of two observable behaviours at the same point in time
C)The degree to which a measure correlates with other scales/inventories
D)The degree to which it differs from other scales/inventories

Question 59

On the Statistical Clinical Interview Diagnosis (SCID), the severity of a symptom is indicated by:

A)Evaluating the client's non-verbal responses
B)Asking the client to describe the symptom
C)Attributing a score between 1 and 3
D)How often the symptom bothers the client

Question 60

The reliability and validity of a clinical interview increase:

A)With the number of meeting the clinician has with the client
B)With the level of trust the client has in the clinician
C)When the clinician reveals personal information about oneself
D)When the interview is unstructured rather than structures

Question 61

Revision of the MMPI with the new MMPI-2 involved:

A)Deleting the marital problems scale
B)Adding the schizophrenia scale
C)Adding the Type B behaviour scale
D)Deleting items with objectionable content

Question 62

The MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical scales is a much ___________ test than the MMPI-2.

A)more detailed
B)more focused on sexual dysfunction
C)longer
D)shorter

Question 63

Which of the following is the best example of an item that might be included in the MMPI lie scale?

A)"Sometimes I feel nauseous for no apparent reason."
B)"I enjoy reading detective novels."
C)"I have never used a foul word."
D)"I often walk after dinner."

Question 64

The special scales to detect lying in the MMPI are considered:

A)Reliability scales
B)Validity scales
C)Faking scales
D)None of the above

Question 65

The call for using evidence-based assessment techniques parallels the growth in the area of:

A)Evidence-based personality tests
B)Evidence-based treatments
C)Evidence-based clinical interviews
D)Evidence-based behavioural checklists

Question 66

Which of the following was not a change made in the revised version of the MMPI?

A)Increase racial representativeness in the norm sample.
B)Alter the format for answering questions.
C)Alter the norm sample to reflect the composition of the US.
D)Alter items to make the content more current.

Question 67

You have developed a new personality inventory that will be used to match roommates in order to minimize conflict. Before you can market the test, you must administer it to several hundred individuals to establish norms. This phase of test development is referred to as:

A)Branching
B)Psychometrics
C)Validation
D)Standardization

Question 68

The projective hypothesis assumes that

A)responses to highly structured tasks reveal hidden attitudes and motivations.
B)preferences for unstructured stimuli reveal unconscious motives.
C)unstructured stimuli provoke anxiety.
D)responses to ambiguous stimuli are influenced by unconscious factors.

Question 69

Some researchers suggest that the MMPI-2 Restructured Form is:

A)Much more accurate at diagnosing personality disorders than the MMPI-2
B)So different from the MMPI-2 that it's more like a new test than a revision
C)Pretty much the same as the MMPI-2, so just a money grab
D)There is no MMPI-2 Restructured Form; there is a MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical scale

Question 70

Which of the following is a possible limitation of computer generated scoring of the MMPI?

A)The competency of the professional reading the score report.
B)The competency of the professional who developed the computer-generated report.
C)The ability of the computer to handle respondents who 'fake-bad.'
D)The usefulness of the computer-generated report in developing comprehensive reports.

Question 71

The MMPI detects individuals attempting to fake the test by

A)including special scales to detect lying.
B)inferring the lying behaviour from answers left blank.
C)re-administering the test.
D)examining highly unusual responses.

Question 72

Computer score reports are quite popular in scoring which of the following instruments?

A)TAT
B)Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Third Edition
C)MMPI-2
D)Halstead-Reitan

Question 73

On the MMPI, someone who is overanxious, worrying, and full of self-doubts would likely score high on the subscale assessing:

A)Hysteria
B)Psychasthenia
C)Deviance
D)Infrequency

Question 74

The MMPI is an example of a(n)

A)projective test.
B)personality inventory.
C)intelligence test.
D)structured clinical interview.

Question 75

How does the MMPI attempt to determine if a particular person is responding to the test in a valid way?

A)By having a large enough standardization sample.
B)By conducting the interview in a structured and standardized way.
C)By including special validity scales to detect response biases.
D)By providing ambiguous stimuli so the person does not know which answer is right or wrong.

Question 76

The stimulus materials in the Thematic Apperception Test are ambiguous to:

A)Increase the likelihood that the individual is giving responses that unconsciously mediated
B)Increase precision
C)Increase rapport
D)Create discomfort in the client and thereby encourage a closer relationship with the therapist

Question 77

The K scale and the "cannot say" scale are measures from:

A)The MMPI-2
B)The Thematic Apperception Test
C)The Blackie Picture Test
D)The NEO-PI-R five factor inventory

Question 78

Taken together, the ? Scale, L scale, F scale and K scale of the MMPI-2 are termed:

A)Validity scales
B)Content scales
C)Personality scales
D)Hypothetical scales

Question 79

You decide that you wish to use the MMPI to form a scale within the instrument to distinguish potential professional wrestlers from those without the potential to be wrestlers. Using the same method as that used to develop the MMPI, you would

A)identify items that were about wrestling.
B)identify items that distinguish pro wrestlers from non-wrestlers.
C)find all the items that wrestlers answered as true regarding themselves.
D)look for consistency among items endorsed by wrestlers as true.

Question 80

Compared to the original MMPI, the MMPI-2

A)is almost identical.
B)has a much larger and more diverse standardization sample.
C)has completely new scales and norms.
D)has turned out to be much less valid at discriminating psychiatric patients.