Deck 8: Earth From the Inside Out

Question 1

The continents and ocean basins are located in the:

A)crust
B)mantle
C)core
D)asthenosphere

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which rock sample is formed from cooling and solidifying magma?

A)sample A
B)sample B
C)sample C
D)none of these

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The oceanic crust is __________ and __________ than continental crust.

A)thicker; denser
B)thinner; denser
C)thicker; less dense
D)thinner; less dense

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is classified as an igneous rock?

A)sandstone
B)gneiss
C)basalt
D)shale

Question 5

Intrusive igneous rock, formed deep below the Earth's surface, cools to form plutons, in which the largest of those are called:

A)giant plutons
B) magma
C) batholiths
D)granite

Question 6

Which of the following rocks form as a result of solidification from a melt?

A)sedimentary
B)igneous
C)metamorphic
D)none of these
E)all of these

Question 7

The study of the shape of the Earth's physical landform features and how they change over time is known as:

A)Geography
B)Geomorphology
C)Geology
D)Meteorology

Question 8

The photos below show four common materials. Which material is not considered a mineral because it forms by organic processes? .

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 9

Igneous rocks that cool slowly, and hence solidify below the earth's surface are known as which type?

A)clastic
B)intrusive
C)stratified
D)extrusive

Question 10

When small pieces of rock are weathered, transported, deposited, and cemented, which of the following can be created?

A)igneous rock
B)meteorites
C)clastic sedimentary rocks
D)volcanoes

Question 11

Using changes in seismic wave velocities, we know that the Earth's inner core is stable in what phase?

A)liquid
B)solid
C)gas
D)plasma

Question 12

Which of the following elements are abundant in the crust?

A)titanium
B)gold
C)oxygen
D)nitrogen

Question 13

Which element is the most abundant in Earth's crust?

A)silicon
B)iron
C)calcium
D)oxygen

Question 14

Which of the following is a class of sedimentary rock?

A)extrusive
B)clastic
C)intrusive
D)layered

Question 15

Which rock sample is held together by naturally forming cement?

A)sample A
B)sample B
C)sample C
D)none of these

Question 16

Felsic minerals tend to be:

A)light-colored and silica-rich
B)dark-colored and silica-poor
C)light-colored and silica-rich
D)dark-colored and silica-poor

Question 17

Which sample is an example of an igneous rock?

A)sample A
B)sample B
C)sample C
D)none of these

Question 18

A rock that is dark-colored and heavy is most likely composed of:

A)felsic minerals
B)mafic minerals
C)organic compounds
D)none of these
E)all of these

Question 19

Sediments are generally deposited by wind and water in layers called:

A)layers
B)strata
C)intrusive
D)magma

Question 20

Using the figure below, where would you find the densest material on Earth?

A)within the Earth's crust
B)within the Earth's mantle.
C)within the Earth's outer core
D)within the Earth's inner core
E)within the Earth's atmosphere

Question 21

Because of the extreme heat and pressure required, metamorphic rocks are generated most often:

A)deep below the surface of the Earth
B)at the Earth's surface
C)in lake beds
D)within volcanoes

Question 22

Through the rock cycle, if a metamorphic rock goes through heating and then melts to become magma, it will eventually cool and turn into:

A)Igneous rock
B)Sedimentary rock
C)another Metamorphic Rock
D)none of the above

Question 23

The strongest rocks, in terms of their propensity to wear down, tend to be found in what type of locations?

A)under valleys
B)along the ocean
C)under ridges, hills, and uplands
D)under plains and flat lands

Question 24

What evidence did Wegner use to support the existence of Pangaea?

A)plant and animal fossils
B)coastline orientations
C)mountain ranges
D)all of these
E)none of these

Question 25

The name of the single super-continent that Wegener suggested eventually broke apart and drifted into different directions creating the earth's continents that exist today was known as:

A) Pangea
B) Eurasia
C) Lithosphere
D)none of the above

Question 26

Regions of low-lying igneous and metamorphic rocks resistant to weathering and form the basis for continent building since ancient times are known as:

A)Alpine chains
B)Continental shields
C)Oceanic trenches
D)Volcanoes

Question 27

___________ divides most ocean basins roughly in half.

A)abyssal plain
B)continental shelf
C)oceanic trench
D)midoceanic ridge
E)island chains

Question 28

The three types of rocks are igneous, sedimentary, and extrusive.

Question 29

Which sample is an example of sedimentary rock?

A)sample A
B)sample B
C)sample C
D)none of these

Question 30

Which of the following clast sizes would be most likely transported in very slow moving water?

A)boulders
B)cobbles
C)sand
D)silt
E)all of these

Question 31

Which of the following clast sizes would be most likely transported in very fast moving water?

A)boulders
B)cobbles
C)sand
D)silt
E)all of these

Question 32

The idea proposed by Alfred Wegener to explain the continental shapes and positions is known as:

A)continental shifting
B)plate tectonics
C)continental drift
D)rift valley
E)sea floor spreading

Question 33

Marble forms as a metamorphic product of what original rock?

A)shale
B)slate
C)limestone
D)sandstone

Question 34

Which of the following terms best describes the rocky outer layer of the Earth?

A)asthenosphere
B)biosphere
C)atmosphere
D)lithosphere
E)hydrosphere

Question 35

Which of the following is classified as a metamorphic rock?

A)limestone
B)schist
C)diorite
D)basalt

Question 36

What is the depth of the newly forming Hawaiian island, Loihi?

A)about 1000m
B)about 2000m
C)about 3000m
D)about 4000m
E)it is at the surface

Question 37

Landforms that are found in narrow zones and usually along the margins of lithsopheric plates are:

A)Alpine chains
B) Exposed shields
C)Plains
D) Continental shields.

Question 38

Hydrocarbon deposits are classified as:

A)organic sediments
B)chemical precipitation
C)clastic sediments
D)lava flows

Question 39

The process of rock metamorphism affects which of the following?

A)sedimentary rocks
B)igneous rocks
C)metamorphic rocks
D)all of these
E)none of these

Question 40

In the figure below, what is the approximate age of the sea floor off the north coast of Spain?

A)younger than 9.6 million years
B)9)6 - 33.0 million years
C)33.0 - 83.0 million years
D)83.0 - 141.9 million years
E)older than 141.9 million years

Question 41

The Mid-Ocean Ridge is the deepest part of the Atlantic Ocean.

Question 42

Oceanic crust is generally much older than continental crust.

Question 43

Sedimentary rock is the parent rock for all rock types.

Question 44

Sample (A, B, or
C)_____ is a rock formed when mineral and rock particles are transported by water, wind, or ice and then deposited in a given location. Such rocks are classified as sedimentary rocks.

Question 45

. Rocks closer to the spreading centers in the oceans (see Figure below)are older than the rocks farther away from the spreading center.

Question 46

Pangea is the name of the supercontinent proposed by Harry Hess.

Question 47

The deepest portion of an ocean basin is always in the middle.

Question 48

Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of magma. Sample (A, B, or
C)_____ has formed by this process.

Question 49

Silicon is one of the most abundant element in Earth's crust.

Question 50

In the northern part of Pangaea, mountain ranges tend to match up in North America and Europe.

Question 51

Any one of the three types of rocks can be changed into any other class.

Question 52

The area of the Earth's interior where rocks start to melt, when subducted, is known as the asthenosphere.

Question 53

Based on their origins, rocks can be divided into three distinct families: _______, sedimentary and metamorphic.

Question 54

Metamorphic rock may form from preexisting metamorphic rock.

Question 55

Sample _____ is of a rock whose original sedimentary or igneous form and mineral assemblage have been changed as a result of exposure to high temperature, high pressure or both. This type of rock is referred to as a metamorphic rock.

Question 56

Rocks are classified according to how they are formed.

Question 57

South America and Africa was the only example that Wegener used for continental fit.

Question 58

To be considered a mineral, a naturally occurring inorganic solid must have a specific chemical composition and a characteristic ______ structure.

Question 59

_____ and silicon are the two most common elements in Earth's crust.

Question 60

Wegener used plant and animal fossil evidence to help build the theory of continental drift.

Question 61

The rocky, outermost part of the Earth, comprising the upper part of the mantle and the crust, is known as the _______.

Question 62

Wegener proposed that based on all evidence, Pangea existed intact as early as _______.

Question 63

Two chemical elements make up 70 percent of Earth's crust by weight. What are the two elements and what family of minerals do they form?

Question 64

Why is the area where the ocean meets the land not necessarily the edge of the continent?

Question 65

Describe the evidence Wegener used to reconstruct Pangaea.

Question 66

What is an oceanic plate and how does it relate to a continental plate?

Question 67

The deep, flat sections of ocean floor on either side of the midocean ridge, as shown below, are known as the _______.

Question 68

How did the presence of certain fossils support Wegener's idea of continental drift?

Question 69

How is clastic sedimentary rock formed?

Question 70

In the photograph of rock samples and outcrops, shown below, sample (A, B, or
C)_____ is the rock held together by naturally occurring cement.

Question 71

What hypothesis is Alfred Wegener known for, and what evidence supported his hypothesis?

Question 72

What are the four requirements necessary to classify a solid material as a mineral?

Question 73

The process in which the sea floor separates and moves in opposite directions is known as _______.

Question 74

The photographs below show an outcrop and close-up view of a particular kind of rock. What type of rock is it and what holds this type of rock together? Also explain how such a rock might form.

Question 75

What are the three families of rocks? How does each of these families differ?

Question 76

Why do most extrusive igneous rocks have small mineral crystals?

Question 77

What's the difference between a rock and a mineral?

Question 78

What holds rocks together?

Question 79

According to the figure below, the Caledonides in Scotland and Scandinavia are also part of the _______ in North America.