Deck 13: Landforms Made by Wind and Waves

Question 1

Barrier islands __________.

A)form as sea level rises
B)have lagoons behind them
C)are depositional landforms
D)all of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

More-or-less circular coral reefs enclosing a lagoon but have no land inside are known as:

A)lagoons
B)barrier islands
C)baymount bars
D)atolls

Answer 2

D

Question 3

At the base of a wave-cut the term wave-cut is not in the chapter cliff, one will usually find a __________.

A)drift-tide
B)barrier-bar
C)wave-cut notch
D)marine terrace
E)coral reef

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A marine terrace, like those shown below, could be formed from :

A)littoral drift
B)deposition
C)tectonic uplift
D)a tsunami

Question 5

The process of waves slowing down as they approach headlands and the waves having to wrap around the headland is referred to as: .

A)longshore current
B)breakers
C)barrier island
D)wave refraction
E)tidal ebb

Question 6

Sand on the beach moves in a zig-zag pattern when swash waves strike the beach:

A)head on
B)parallel to the shore face
C)at an angle
D)only during flood tide
E)only during ebb tide

Question 7

As waves surge forward onto shore, they create __________, before the water is drawn back by gravity.

A)refraction waves
B)reflection waves
C)swash
D)longshore current
E)a wave base

Question 8

Which of the following is not a landform associated with marine terraces?

A)tombolo
B)former sea cliff
C)step-like terraces
D)barrier island

Question 9

There may be __________ tide(s)per day in a given area due to the effects of the Sun and Moon's gravitational pull.

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)ten

Question 10

Where would you find the most extensive chain of barrier islands?

A)coastlines along the margins of the Indian Ocean
B)along the west coast of Australia
C)regionally extensive coastlines along South America
D)the Atlantic and Gulf coast areas of the North America
E)along the coast of northwestern North America

Question 11

Which of the following coastal landforms does not form as a result of erosion?

A)beach
B)sea arch
C)notched cliff
D)stacks
E)sea cave

Question 12

People often swim in the ocean and find themselves far downshore from where they first entered the water. They moved downshore because of:

A)beach drift
B)tsunami
C)longshore currents
D)tidal currents
E)wave refraction

Question 13

An enclosed bay inshore from a barrier island is a(n)__________.

A)estuary
B)beach
C)wave-cut bench
D)lagoon
E)tidal bay

Question 14

Which of the following is the predominant cause of the formation of spits?

A)longshore currents
B)ebb tides
C)littoral drift
D)all of these
E)none of these

Question 15

Individual rock particles are transported long distances along the beach and underwater by the process of _______________.

A)swash
B)breakers
C)littoral drift
D)tidal currents
E)wave refraction

Question 16

A ___________ is a wall or embankment of wood , concrete or rock installed along retrograding beaches to effectively keep sand on a specific beach.

A)barrier bar
B)groin
C)spit
D)estuary
E)jetty

Question 17

A rocklike accumulation of carbonates secreted by corals and algae in shallow water along a marine shoreline is known as a:

A)ria coastline
B)coral reef
C)fiord coastline
D)barrier island

Question 18

A coastal landform represented by an extension of sand from the shoreline into the open water is pictured below. It is described as a:

A)lagoon
B)barrier island
C)spit
D)marine terrace
E)wavecut cliff

Question 19

All of the following are depositional coastal landforms except:

A)beaches
B)notches
C)spits
D)barrier islands
E)tombolo

Question 20

The Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States are mostly flanked by__________

A)ria landforms
B)coral reef
C)fiord landforms
D)barrier islands
E)all of the above

Question 21

Desert pavements are best characterized by:

A)continuous surfaces covered by sand
B)asphalt roadways constructed to move materials across desert regions
C)a mud-cracked dry lake bed
D)a surface consisting of concentrated pebbles to small boulders
E)a wave cut terrace along a rising coastline

Question 22

When wind-blown sand size particles are driven against exposed rock, the wearing down of the surface is called ____________.

A)abrasion
B)cohesion
C)deposition
D)deflation
E)saltation

Question 23

Sometimes rocks are grooved and polished by wind driven abrasion, these examples are often referred to as:

A)pebbles
B)gravels
C)desert pavements
D)ventifacts
E)alluvium

Question 24

Loess deposits are typically composed of:

A)sands and gravels
B)pebbles and cobbles
C)clays and silts
D)sand only

Question 25

A train of sea waves triggered by an earthquake or another seafloor disturbance traveling over the ocean surface is known as a:

A)tsunami
B)tidal wave
C)breaker
D)swash

Question 26

Fine grained deposits of windblown material called ______________ have accumulated in thick layers in the midlatitude regions of the world and provide fertile soil for agriculture.

A)sand dunes
B)loess
C)bahadas
D)soil
E)desert pavements

Question 27

Which of the following conditions would limit the effectiveness of wind erosion?

A)the presence of saturated clay-sized particles at the surface
B)the presence of surface materials that are not cohesive
C)the presence of bedrock below the surface
D)lack of vegetation cover at the surface
E)the presence of topographic relief at the surface.

Question 28

Which of the following particle sizes composes large dust storms that extend hundreds of meters off the ground as in the one pictured below?

A)pebbles
B)fine dust
C)sand
D)sand and pebbles
E)gravel

Question 29

Consider the following statements and select the answer that is not consistent with loess.

A)loess is composed of clays and silts
B)loess can form vertical cliffs
C)loess is generated by glacial activity
D)loess particles are not cohesive
E)loess provides fertile soil for agriculture

Question 30

Which one of the following dune shapes is correctly matched with the conditions that led to its formation?

A)parabolic - moist wind and vegetation
B)transverse - limited supply of sand
C)barchan - availability of abundant sand
D)star - consistent wind direction

Question 31

The mechanism of wind erosion in which loose particles of soil or regolith are lifted and transported, leaving behind only coarser particles, is called __________.

A)deflation
B)saltation
C)abrasion
D)inflation
E)suspension

Question 32

What term best describes the lifting and transportation of individual grains of sand by wind?

A)abrasion
B)cohesion
C)deposition
D)deflation
E)saltation

Question 33

The steepest portion of a desert sand dune is on the __________ side.

A)windward
B)top
C)bottom
D)flanks
E)leeward

Question 34

A ____________ may result from the suspension of fine particles of sediment by wind over significant distances.

A)ventifact
B)desert pavement
C)dust storm
D)sand dune
E)gravel bar

Question 35

The lifting and removal of sand grains in low arcs by wind is termed __________, while the wearing down of an exposed surface by the action of wind blown sand sized particles is described as ____________.

A)abrasion; cohesion
B)cohesion; deposition
C)deposition; deflation
D)deflation; saltation
E)saltation; abrasion

Question 36

Crescent-shaped dunes are described as:

A)barchan dunes
B)parabolic dunes
C)star dunes
D)transverse dunes

Question 37

A __________ dune as shown in the figure below, forms from shifting wind directions and abundant sand.

A)barchan
B)transverse
C)longitudinal
D)parabolic
E)star

Question 38

When sedimentary particles move in low arcs from one point to another, the process is termed __________.

A)siltation
B)saltation
C)sublimation
D)suspension
E)surface creep

Question 39

The most stable, almost permanent, sand dunes are called:

A)mountain dunes
B)vegetation dunes
C)crescent dunes
D)parabolic dunes
E)star dunes

Question 40

Foredunes are critical to the preservation of the integrity of many beaches, but they must maintain ______________ on their surfaces to remain stable.

A)vegetation
B)water
C)sunlight
D)coral
E)steep slopes

Question 41

Long-term deflation, as shown, may lead to the development of desert ____________.

Question 42

The shape of some dunes can be controlled by vegetation growth.

Question 43

Tall, offshore spires rising up from the water in front of marine cliffs are typically referred to as ___________.

Question 44

The word "littoral" pertains to a coast or shore.

Question 45

Wave energy is concentrated in bays, not headlands.

Question 46

Tidal changes have no effect on coastal features.

Question 47

Sea level is relatively higher than during the last ice age.

Question 48

Saltation is where small boulders are moved in low arcs across a surface.

Question 49

Corals have a symbiotic relationship with ___________.

Question 50

Barrier islands are stable landforms that are perfect for commercial and residential development

Question 51

Wind abrasion blasts sand against exposed rocks to create rock sculptures of various sizes.

Question 52

Like tides, ocean waves are powered by the Moon's gravity.

Question 53

The process by which wave energy pulls material back down the shoreface after the swash is referred to as ____________.

Question 54

Transverse, parabolic, and barchan are all examples of sand dunes.

Question 55

Coral Reefs can be found in oceans with the temperature of the water below 20°C (68°F).

Question 56

A current within the surf zone, as shown in the figure below, that parallels the shoreline is a ___________ current.

Question 57

Wind generated landforms are known as ________________ landforms.

Question 58

Abrasion is the process of removing vegetation by wind energy.

Question 59

Installing a groin along the coastline will result in both erosion and deposition.

Question 60

A long, narrow, sandy island lying offshore and parallel to a lowland coast is a___________.

Question 61

What are the typical characteristics of loess deposits? Be sure to describe their process of formation and distribution.

Question 62

How do incoming waves, as shown, transform into a longshore current?

Question 63

Long, narrow ridges oriented parallel with the direction of the prevailing wind are known as ______________ dunes.

Question 64

Star dunes are considered one of the prominent natural dune features in arid environments. Describe the characteristics of this dune type.

Question 65

Why do desert sand dunes take on several specific shapes?