Deck 15: Diet and Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes

Question 1

Which of the following is the leading cause of blindness in the United States?

A)retinopathy
B)hyperglycemia
C)infections
D)neuropathy

Answer 1

A

Question 2

When hyperglycemia occurs in the body, cellular changes result in three classic symptoms. What are they?

A)weight loss, fatigue, vomiting
B)polydipsia, polyphagia, glucagon production
C)nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
D)polydipsia, polyuria, glycosuria

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What hormone helps release energy by converting glycogen to glucose?

A)estrogen
B)glucagon
C)insulin
D)glycogen

Answer 3

B

Question 4

When increasing one's fiber intake, one must also increase _____ intake.

A)fat
B)carbohydrate
C)water
D)protein

Question 5

Low blood pH resulting from ketone collection in the blood is known as _____.

A)ketonemia
B)ketoacidosis
C)ketonuria
D)acidosis

Question 6

_____ is the name for a group of serious and chronic disorders affecting the metabolism of carbohydrates.

A)Diabetes mellitus
B)Hyperglycemia
C)Diabetes insipidus
D)Ketonuria

Question 7

What is the recommended carbohydrate intake for diabetics?

A)40-50% of total calories
B)no more than 30% calories
C)intake should be based on individual needs
D)15-20% of total calories

Question 8

Describe why hyperglycemia occurs.

Question 9

What is recommended daily protein intake for the client with diabetes?

A)no specific amount
B)15-20%
C)25%
D)at least 40%

Question 10

Which of the following may be more helpful for a client with type 1 diabetes?

A)limit fat intake to less than 10% of daily calories
B)eat small meals plus two or three snacks per day
C)exercise 2 days a week for 35 minutes
D)increase carbohydrate intake to 70% of daily calories

Question 11

_____ includes 5% of all diabetes cases.

A)Type 1 diabetes
B)Type 2 diabetes
C)Gestational diabetes
D)Diabetes insipidus

Question 12

Which method of diet therapy is most commonly used for diabetic clients?

A)carbohydrate counting
B)exchange lists
C)diet modification
D)meal planning

Question 13

What does polyphagia mean?

A)excessive appetite
B)excessive thirst
C)excessive urination
D)reduced appetite

Question 14

Approximately _____ of type 2 diabetes clients are overweight.

A)85%
B)65%
C)less than 50%
D)95%

Question 15

Which of the following would be an appropriate recommendation for a client with gestational diabetes?

A)avoid fat intake
B)avoid protein intake
C)avoid concentrated sugars
D)avoid preservatives

Question 16

This type of diabetes, formerly classified as juvenile-onset, occurs suddenly in children and young adults, requiring insulin injections and a carefully controlled diet.

A)type 2
B)type 1
C)gestational
D)pre-diabetes

Question 17

Which condition may result when clients do not eat the prescribed diet, yet still continue to take the prescribed meal-time insulin?

A)hyperglycemia
B)ketosis
C)hypoglycemia
D)hypertension

Question 18

Diabetes can cause all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A)blindness
B)heart disease
C)kidney disease
D)hearing loss

Question 19

Which of the following statements is correct?

A)Type 1 diabetes clients are advised not to exercise. 
B)Clients with type 2 diabetes must have injections daily to control blood glucose levels. 
C)For type 1 diabetes, insulin is often given in two or more injections daily. 
D)A hypoglycemic episode can lead to a high blood glucose level.

Question 20

How is fiber considered a therapeutic tool in the meal plan for a client with diabetes?

A)slows the release of insulin from the pancreas
B)inhibits fat absorption
C)lowers blood glucose
D)eliminates the need for exogenous insulin in clients with type 1 diabetes

Question 21

Polyuria is defined as excess sugar in the urine. __________________

Question 22

Exercise helps the body use glucose by increasing insulin receptor sites and stimulating the creation of glucagon. _________________________

Question 23

What factors can predispose one to type 2 diabetes?

Question 24

Neuropathy is the buildup of fatty substances inside the artery walls that can reduce blood flow and is a major cause of death among diabetic clients. _________________________

Question 25

Gestational diabetes occurs in the 24-28th week of pregnancy. _________________________

Question 26

Discuss the prevalence of diabetes in the United States.

Question 27

With the condition hyperglycemia, there is an abnormal presence of glucose in the bloodstream. How does the body rid itself of the excess glucose? How can this cause additional complications?

Question 28

Diabetes is a metabolic disease caused by improper functioning of the liver that results in inadequate production of insulin. _________________________

Question 29

Jana is very concerned about her ability to plan her meals and to adhere to the plan. How can you reassure her?

Question 30

List the nutrition goals for clients with type 2 diabetes.

Question 31

List the most common symptoms of diabetes.

Question 32

A symptom of diabetes mellitus is polydipsia, or excessive thirst. Why does this occur?

Question 33

Pre-diabetes is the precursor to type 2 diabetes.

Question 34

Medical treatment of diabetes focuses on what topics?

Question 35

Type 2 diabetes is usually managed with insulin. ___________________

Question 36

What data are used to validate the condition?

Question 37

What are the goals for the treatment of diabetes?

Question 38

The method of diet therapy most commonly used for diabetic clients is that of counting carbohydrates. _________________________

Question 39

What are the expected lab results for someone with pre-diabetes?

Question 40

Describe the process of ketone production and its consequences.

Question 41

Describe the benefits of exercise.

Question 42

Describe dietary management for gestational diabetes.

Question 43

Formulate nursing diagnosis statements for Mary.

Question 44

List goals to assist with making life changes to improve metabolic control.

Question 45

What are the goals for medical nutrition therapy for diabetes?

Question 46

Describe the management of gestational diabetes if meal planning alone does not bring glucose levels to target.

Question 47

Describe the changes that occur in the second or third trimester that result in gestational diabetes.

Question 48

Differentiate gestational diabetes from type 1 diabetes.

Question 49

What is the goal or expected outcome for diet therapy for a diabetic client?

Question 50

Discuss glucose and insulin production for the fetus during pregnancy.

Question 51

Infants of mothers who have had diabetes are prone to hypoglycemia immediately after birth. Describe the cause of this.