Deck 4: Training Design

Question 1

A well-written training objective should contain some kind of observable action with a measurable criterion indicating to the trainee and trainer the conditions of performance.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Issuing an RFP may require that an organization spend resources determining its actual training needs and identifying training solutions required from vendors and consultants.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A request for proposal often provides very broad details associated with training needs of an organization. As a result, only about five percent of proposals are accepted by organizations.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

According to Gagné, it is critical that trainers identify and break down tasks into individual steps which are then organized in a logical and meaningful manner.

Question 5

Attentional advice has been found to have a negative effect on skill-based learning.

Question 6

There are many advantages to purchasing "packaged training programs." However, the most significant advantage is that these packages often align with internal organizational norms, language, and values.

Question 7

Failure to prepare a comprehensive request for proposal may result in organizations purchasing a program that does not address the underlying training needs of an organization.

Question 8

The notion of metacognitive strategies includes two primary functions, control and monitoring.

Question 9

William, a training specialist, wants to make sure trainees are able to use particular skills across multiple scenarios, often in situations very different from those experienced in training. This approach relies on principles of learning associated with the notion of "routine expertise."

Question 10

Overlearning is an appropriate practice condition to use in helping a lifeguard master lifesaving interventions that may not be used often.

Question 11

A training objective is a statement of what trainees are expected to be able to do after a training program.

Question 12

Internally developed training programs have many advantages over packaged programs including security and confidentiality.

Question 13

Analogical tasks are tasks that are performed by employees that resemble tasks performed in training.

Question 14

In a way, training objectives serve to connect the needs analysis process with other elements of a training program.

Question 15

Error-management training occurs when training programs are designed so as to minimize the likelihood of trainees committing errors during the training process.

Question 16

"Paul will be able to call 20 customers per day from a pre-assigned list of potential customers." This is an example of a well-written training objective.

Question 17

Of the three broad training methods, the textbook concludes that "off-the-job" training methods are the most effective.

Question 18

ABC Ltd. has made a strategic decision to expand into China. As such, it made the decision to provide six managers training in basic Mandarin. Given this training decision, ABC Ltd. should purchase the program from an outside supplier.

Question 19

A training objective has five key elements of the desired outcome, including who is to perform the task, what is the behaviour to be observed, when and where the behaviour is displayed, and why the behaviour is important.

Question 20

Coaching and performance aids are two examples of blended training.

Question 21

An instructor spends one-hour lecturing students on the merits and processes required to produce a written training objective. She then requests that students apply the lecture material by producing a written training objective for a specific role. What technique is this instructor using?

A) blended training
B) active practice
C) condition of practice
D) goal orientation

Question 22

Training design influences learning but is not likely to influence learner engagement.

Question 23

One way to maximize learner engagement is to provide clear, detailed, and timely feedback throughout training.

Question 24

Conditions of practice may be implemented during training that include the notion of "massed practice." Which of the following statements aligns best with what "massed practice" refers to?

A) whether the training material is learned one part at a time or in sequence
B) training is conducted in one session without breaks between sessions
C) the time horizons for the segments of a training program
D) having performance becoming almost automatic in nature

Question 25

A Canadian chartered bank decides to develop and deliver a training program internally. What potential reasons justify this decision?

A) better security and the need to train a large pool of employees
B) higher quality and availability of trainers
C) lower cost and higher quality
D) extensive testing coupled with ancillary services

Question 26

What key component for a final written training objective would be related to the statement "Joe will be able write a short two-page story without making grammatical or spelling errors"?

A) criterion
B) performance
C) evaluation
D) condition

Question 27

Which of the following statements regarding training objectives is true?

A) training objectives are done without direct connection to the needs analysis
B) training objectives should be written prior to designing a training program
C) training objectives tend to be broad in language so as to provide the trainer with flexibility
D) training objectives do not address standards of performance but do emphasize the conditions of performance

Question 28

A Canadian life insurance company decides to design a new sales training program for its 1000 commission-based salespeople. In the design process, the company solicits the feedback of successful salespeople as well as sales consultants. Which of the following best describes the successful salesperson and the external consultant?

A) adaptive stakeholders
B) inputs into the person analysis process
C) subject-matter experts
D) contingency management stakeholders

Question 29

According to the textbook, training content should be anchored on which of the following?

A) the employee who is to perform the desired behaviour
B) the needs and objectives of the training
C) the standard that will evaluate the behaviour
D) the time when the new content will be needed

Question 30

Bloom's taxonomy of learning objectives includes six main categories (Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyze, Synthesize, and Create).

Question 31

Peter is currently thinking about the numerous activities he has to do to design a training program. Which of the following is NOT an activity Peter is likely thinking about?

A) determine what content should be provided to allow training objectives to be met
B) determine how to calculate cost vs. benefits associated with the training program
C) decide how training should be provided: on-the job, off-the-job, or e-learning
D) create a statement describing what trainees should be able to do after training

Question 32

A well-written training objective should closely resemble which of the following terms?

A) adaptive behaviour
B) person analysis
C) task analysis
D) needs analysis

Question 33

What are the two most important factors to consider when making a purchase decision for a training program?

A) cost of the program and number of potential trainees
B) time required to deliver the program and current knowledge of employees
C) expertise of the external service provider and senior management preference
D) urgency of delivery and level of front-line management support

Question 34

In Canada, organizations allocate 59 percent of direct learning and development expenditures to external sources.

Question 35

Company ABC is currently experiencing a notable increase in the number of "bullying" incidents at work. A needs analysis determines that in fact employees did not understand how their behaviour was making colleagues uncomfortable. As a result, it decided to launch immediately a companywide training program to address bullying at work. What would you suggest ABC's next step should be?

A) issue a comprehensive request for proposal
B) partner with a local university or college
C) ask the human resource department to do an organizational analysis
D) start an organizational analysis to determine who in the organization should lead this project

Question 36

Which of the following conditions of practice would be classified as a "pre-training intervention"?

A) deciding to have mastery goals in the program
B) distributing practice so training may be broken up by rest periods
C) providing feedback to trainees on their ongoing performance
D) ensuring the program has elements of overlearning in its design

Question 37

Training content has greater meaningfulness to trainees when it is rich in associations and it is easily understood.

Question 38

You have been tasked with submitting a request for proposal (RFP) on behalf of your company and begin to think about the process. What is likely to be the most important information that you decide should be included in your RFP?

A) determining the number of trainers required to deliver the training program
B) creating the proper scope for the project including a budget and specific training methods to be used
C) describing in detail the training needs required, and how those needs fit the overall training strategy
D) creating a vendor list to solicit vendors from both academia and industry to provide
For a wide scope of expertise

Question 39

"The call centre operator will be able to handle 20 inbound calls per day during his/her regular shift, using customer information software, and will be able to generate $850 in incremental revenue from new customers." In this scenario, what would "…..be able to generate $850 in incremental revenue" represent?

A) what the trainee will be able to do after training
B) the actual behaviour the trainee will demonstrate
C) the conditions under which the behaviour will be demonstrated
D) the standard by which the behaviour will be judged

Question 40

What is the main reason for misalignment between a request for proposal and the actual training program delivered to an organization?

A) The organization extended its search to a limited number of trainers.
B) The organization overstated the positives of the requested training.
C) The organization was not honest about the resources it had available.
D) The organization did not describe its most critical training needs.

Question 41

What conclusions can you draw from research presented in the textbook on error-management training?

A) it is effective for performance during training but not for post-training performance
B) it is more effective for tasks that require routine expertise
C) it is more effective for the performance of tasks that require adaptive expertise
D) trainers should avoid using error-management training

Question 42

What percentage of learning and development expenditures in Canada are allocated to external sources?

A) 19 percent
B) 29 percent
C) 39 percent
D) 49 percent

Question 43

What is the term describing the extent to which trainees are cognitively, physically, and emotionally immersed in the training content and the learning process?

A) active practice
B) metacognition
C) overlearning
D) learner engagement

Question 44

According to the textbook, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective training feedback?

A) when a response is provided correctly, provide positive feedback
B) demonstrate to the trainee how to respond correctly
C) when a response is provided incorrectly, provide some element of punishment
D) provide feedback immediately after the response is provided

Question 45

Which stage in the model of training effectiveness includes elements of active practice and conditions of practice?

A) trainee characteristics
B) training design
C) individual behaviour and performance
D) organizational effectiveness

Question 46

Before a training session begins, a group of trainees get together to determine and agree on team roles and responsibilities as well as team performance expectations for the group. Which of the following pre-training interventions is this group of trainees likely using?

A) preparatory information
B) pre-practice brief
C) conditions of practice
D) goal orientation

Question 47

What has research concluded about active learning?

A) it is effective for developing adaptive expertise
B) it is effective for learning rigid policies and procedures
C) it provides the trainer with much more control over trainees' learning processes
D) it gives trainees much less control over their learning experience

Question 48

Under what condition(s) would overlearning be an appropriate approach?

A) performing complex tasks under significant pressure
B) performing simple tasks that are routine in nature
C) performing tasks that are done daily
D) performing tasks that do not have pre-established procedures

Question 49

If a trainer wants to making the training content of a training program meaningful to trainees, what should he do?

A) make the training content rich in details and easily remembered by trainees
B) make the training content rich in details and easily understood by trainees
C) make the training content rich in associations and easily remembered by trainees
D) make the training content rich in associations and easily understood by trainees

Question 50

Which of the following design elements should NOT be used in designing a training program for active learning?

A) exploratory learning
B) error framing
C) emotion control
D) proceduralized instruction

Question 51

Margaret attended a training session designed to teach "weekend mechanics" the basics of routine maintenance on Honda gas engines. To Margaret's surprise, she was able to apply the same basic principles to routine maintenance of different gas-powered engines in her garage. Which of the following terms best captures this generalization of knowledge from Honda engines to other gas-powered engines?

A) subject-matter expertise
B) routine expertise
C) adaptive expertise
D) active expertise

Question 52

What was the focus of the training program at the University of British Columbia that was mentioned in your textbook?

A) diversity training
B) mindfulness training
C) safety training
D) team training

Question 53

Which of the following scenarios is an example of distributed practice?

A) learning a complex task one step at a time during the same session
B) learning to perform a task over a number of sessions with breaks in between sessions
C) continuing to practice even when the trainee has mastered the task to a high level
D) having several trainees learn to perform a task together, also described as group learning

Question 54

What term describes the traditional approach of teaching trainees to reproduce specific behaviours in similar settings and situations as those experienced in training?

A) routine practice
B) routine training
C) routine expertise
D) routine knowledge

Question 55

How can error training improve learning and performance?

A) Errors force trainees to learn error-recovery strategies.
B) Errors allow trainees to learn to avoid certain activities.
C) Errors enable trainees to learn how to sequence activities.
D) Errors permit trainees to view themselves as human.

Question 56

An instructor provides students with a diagram of the needs analysis process. What type of pre-training intervention does this represent?

A) metacognitive strategy
B) attentional advice
C) advance organizer
D) psychomotor condition

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT one of the categories from Bloom's taxonomy of learning objectives?

A) synthesize
B) Bloom's Analyze
C) Bloom's Evaluate
D) create

Question 58

Which statement is congruent with the notion of distributed practice?

A) learning is enhanced when cramming is used by trainees
B) learning is enhanced when material is provided in a single session
C) distributed training sessions tend to result in lower learning levels over time
D) distributed training sessions tend to result in higher learning levels over time

Question 59

Which statement is supported by the notion of error management as a learning design method?

A) Error management and error avoidance are synonymous.
B) The instructor should provide vague and misleading instructions.
C) The instructor should provide detailed instructions and rubrics so as to minimize errors.
D) It would be a mistake to explicitly encourage trainees to make mistakes during the learning process.

Question 60

You have decided to incorporate error-management elements into a sales training program you are designing. As you require senior management support for your program, you decide to put together a short report supporting the value of including elements of error-management in your sales program. Which of the following should NOT be included in your report?

A) errors are a source of negative feedback which can be helpful in training
B) errors can be foundational in the learning process
C) trainees tend to enjoy training sessions that include error-management elements
D) errors force learners to develop error-recovery strategies which lead to improved performance

Question 61

What is the purpose of providing trainees with feedback and knowledge of results and what are the five reasons that feedback is critical for learning.

Question 62

Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of developing training programs internally versus purchasing packaged programs.

Question 63

Define and briefly describe the term active practice.

Question 64

Describe the differences between massed and distributed practice, and explain the benefits of each.

Question 65

a) Explain the purposes of training objectives in terms of their importance to trainers, trainees, and managers, providing at least one example for each.?b) A final written training objective should include three components. Identify and describe those three components.

Question 66

Based on a needs analysis, your company has decided that its sales force are in need of training so as to drive greater sales in specific target markets. From a resource perspective, your company does not have the training resources to design and deliver this type of training. As such, senior management has requested that you develop a Request for Proposal (RFP) to identify a potential service provider for your sales training. What are some of the potential categories/sections you would use to prepare your company's RFP?

Question 67

What is error-management training and is it more effective than error-avoidant training? When is it more or less likely to be more effective?

Question 68

What is the meaning and purpose of active learning and how do you design a training program for active learning?

Question 69

Distinguish between error training and error-avoidant training.