Deck 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood: Six to Eleven Years Old

Question 1

As children approach puberty, their skeletons expand in both width and height.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Myelination of white matter results in:

A) faster communication between the left and right hemispheres.
B) improving coordination.
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The tissue that connects brain areas via nerve fibers is referred to as:

A) gray matter.
B) white matter.
C) the cerebellum.
D) the prefrontal cortex.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Compared to younger children, school-aged children are less likely to be frustrated while waiting in line and are better able to follow instructions.

Question 5

The human growth hormone is responsible for:

A) lengthening and enhancing mass.
B) lengthening and decreasing mass.
C) enhancing mass and decreasing lengthening.
D) enhancing mass and stopping lengthening.

Question 6

_____________ is the part of the brain that contains neuronal cell bodies.

A) Gray matter
B) White matter
C) The cerebellum
D) The prefrontal cortex

Question 7

The prefrontal cortex is located in the back of the brain.

Question 8

The foremost part of the frontal lobe is:

A) gray matter.
B) white matter.
C) the cerebellum.
D) the prefrontal cortex.

Question 9

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for:

A) complex thought.
B) planning.
C) problem solving.
D) all of the choices

Question 10

____________ is(are) responsible for the speed of actions of neurons.

A) Myelination
B) Conduction
C) Convection
D) Action potentials

Question 11

Compared to earlier years, the rate of growth of both height and weight __________in middle to late childhood

A) slows down
B) speeds up
C) stays the same
D) none of the choices

Question 12

The ____________ stimulates the production of the human growth hormone.

A) hypothalamus
B) pituitary gland
C) both a and b
D) Neither a nor b

Question 13

Charlie is 8 years old and is very good at soccer. His ability is a direct result of the maturation of:

A) gray matter.
B) white matter.
C) the prefrontal cortex.
D) the cerebellum.

Question 14

Faster communication between the left and right hemispheres is dependent on development of the:

A) pons.
B) corpus callosum.
C) brain stem.
D) prefrontal cortex.

Question 15

Human growth hormone stimulates organs to ______ cell production in the bones.

A) decrease
B) increase
C) stop
D) double

Question 16

Physical activity contributes to increased mineral content and bone density.

Question 17

The results of skeletons developing with respect to both width and height are more adult-like proportions and improved coordination.

Question 18

Maggie likes to do math, wear pink, and help her mom cook. Her self-reflections are a direct result of maturation of:

A) gray matter.
B) white matter.
C) her prefrontal cortex.
D) her cerebellum.

Question 19

Height increases mainly due to the lengthening in the lower part of the skeleton, mainly the:

A) ribs and hips.
B) tarsals and metatarsals.
C) pelvis and the legs.
D) hips and the legs.

Question 20

Gray and white matter work together to perform functions of the brain.

Question 21

Two hallmarks of the concrete operational stage are seriation and classification.

Question 22

The ability to physically repeat an action in the same way with the same level of function is called:

A) flexibility.
B) efficiency.
C) consistency.
D) repetition.

Question 23

__________ is the ability to perform a physical act in a variety of contexts with a similar outcome.

A) Flexibility
B) Efficiency
C) Consistency
D) Adaptation

Question 24

Children begin to think logically in the concrete operational stage.

Question 25

Timmy just had his tenth birthday. Based on his age, we can say that Timmy has attained ____ of his ultimate bone mass.

A) all
B) none
C) 50%
D) ¼

Question 26

The muscular system and skeletal systems follow similar developmental paths.

Question 27

The lengthening and differentiation of muscle fibers result in improved motor skills.

Question 28

____________ is the ability to sort objects using a rule that determines an increasing magnitude of one or more dimensions.

A) Classification
B) Reversibility
C) Conservation
D) Seriation

Question 29

The concrete operational stage is the third stage in Piaget's stages of development

Question 30

The ability to create groups of objects and sort them by similar properties is known as:

A) classification.
B) reversibility.
C) conservation.
D) seriation.

Question 31

Nate is just learning how to swim. His movements are spastic and he is always splashing water on the lifeguard. Based on this we can Nate needs improvement on his:

A) flexibility.
B) efficiency.
C) consistency.
D) hand-eye coordination.

Question 32

Physical activity does not play a role in the development of muscles.

Question 33

Both Cindy and her dad Lou are taking piano lessons. Cindy finds that she is able to learn how to play new songs faster than her dad. Based on this we can say Cindy has:

A) flexibility.
B) efficiency.
C) consistency.
D) none of the choices

Question 34

The average increase and weight for ages 6 through 12 is about:

A) 8 pounds 2-3 inches per year.
B) 8 pounds 5-7 inches per year.
C) 2 pounds 4 inches per year.
D) 2 pounds 2 inches per year.

Question 35

Susie is 10 years old. She is about to begin puberty. Based on skeletal development, we can assume her:

A) pelvis and hips will widen.
B) hips and legs will lengthen.
C) pelvis and spinal cord will lengthen.
D) hips and spinal cord will widen.

Question 36

The logical rule that says if A is greater than B and B is greater than C, then A is greater than C is known as:

A) classification.
B) reversibility.
C) transitivity.
D) seriation.

Question 37

The muscular and cardiovascular system energy expense used to perform a physical action is known as:

A) flexibility.
B) efficiency.
C) consistency.
D) cardio.

Question 38

Writing abilities improve in children with better hand-eye coordination. Maturation of hand-eye coordination is the result of:

A) maturation of the CNS.
B) maturation of the muscle systems.
C) development of the fine motor skills.
D) development of the gross motor skills.

Question 39

Christy is able to write complex sentences and communicate her ideas through writing. Her writing is clear and easy to read. Christy has been able to improve her:

A) fine motor skills.
B) gross motor skills.
C) hand-eye coordination.
D) consistency.

Question 40

Bryan loves arts and crafts time. He likes to paint with paint brushes, draw with pencils and color with crayons. Based on his wide use of art supplies, we can say Bryan has good:

A) flexibility.
B) efficiency.
C) consistency.
D) hand-eye coordination.

Question 41

Joy is really bad at math. Her teacher wants the class to know their times tables by the end of the week. When Joy tells the teacher she needs help, the teacher just tells her to suck it up and study. Based on this situation, we can assume that:

A) the teacher has poor scaffolding skills.
B) the teacher has good scaffolding skills.
C) Joy has poor scaffolding skills.
D) Joy has good scaffolding skills.

Question 42

___________ is a key area of problem solving.

A) Selective attention
B) Automatization
C) Strategy construction
D) all of the choices

Question 43

One outcome of technology-based scaffolding is that:

A) technology helped students visualize their understanding.
B) technology helped students identify resources.
C) technology managed the number of items that required attention.
D) All of the choices

Question 44

____________ refers to the total number of items that must be attended by one's working memory.

A) Cognitive load
B) Memory formation
C) Scaffolding
D) Information processing

Question 45

Vygotsky proposed the sociocultural theory as a framework for understanding universal child development.

Question 46

Children progress to the concrete operational stage via their interactions with(within):

A) the world.
B) their parents.
C) their teachers.
D) themselves.

Question 47

Angelica and her little sister Lillian like to have tea parties. Angelica shows Lillian how to hold her pinkie up and sip the tea slowly. Angelica is:

A) assisting.
B) conservating.
C) scaffolding.
D) automatizing.

Question 48

Kyle loves to play with Play-Doh. He rolls it into a ball and then flattens it out again. Based on his actions, we can assume that Kyle understands:

A) classification.
B) reversibility.
C) transitivity.
D) seriation.

Question 49

Researchers have identified _____key features of scaffolding

A) one
B) three
C) five
D) seven

Question 50

Some limitations of the concrete operational stage include:

A) Knowledge is based on their own world.
B) Knowledge is based on their own reality.
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 51

___________ scaffolds have been increasingly used in more recent years.

A) Social
B) Peer
C) Teacher
D) Technology

Question 52

Vygotsky is a developmentalist known for his research on child social development.

Question 53

Lana likes to drink her juice in her Little Mermaid Cup. When the new babysitter gives her juice in an Aladdin cup, Lana gets upset. The babysitter pours the juice from the Aladdin cup into the Little Mermaid Cup, but Lana cries that her juice is not the same. Based on this scenario, Lana has not yet developed:

A) conservation.
B) reversibility.
C) transitivity.
D) seriation.

Question 54

With practice, reaction time decreases and automatization improves.

Question 55

______________ is a key feature of scaffolding.

A) Sharing a common goal
B) Fading and transfer of responsibility
C) Offering dynamic and adaptive support
D) all of the choices

Question 56

Selective attention refers to the ability to make a decision about what is relevant and what isn't among stimuli.

Question 57

The process of assisting a less experienced individual through complex tasks by providing supports is known as:

A) cognitive load.
B) ZPD.
C) scaffolding.
D) teaching.

Question 58

Teachers, peers, parents, and members of the community all have the potential to contribute to healthy child development.

Question 59

According to information theorists, problem solving improves in four key areas.

Question 60

Tiffany is told that shape A is bigger than Shape B and that Shape B is bigger than shape C. She is then asked about the difference between shape A and Shape C. If Tiffany is in the concrete operational stage, her answer will most likely be:

A) A is smaller than C.
B) A is bigger than C.
C) A is the same as C.
D) none of the choices

Question 61

One's own understanding of one's own memory process is called:

A) strategy.
B) metamemory.
C) information processing.
D) maintenance rehearsal.

Question 62

What is one significant criticism of intelligence research?

A) It fails to look at society.
B) It fails to look at culture.
C) It fails to include DSM diagnosis.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 63

__________ is an abstract, verbal, mathematical, and logical type of thinking.

A) Practical intelligence
B) Analytical intelligence
C) Creative intelligence
D) Triarchic intelligence

Question 64

A disorder characterized by significantly below-average intellectual functioning and impaired adaptive functioning is called an:

A) intellectual gift.
B) intellectual impairment.
C) intellectual disability.
D) intellectual difficulty.

Question 65

Metacognition helps us define and assess intelligence.

Question 66

In regards to memory formation, information travels through ____________; then _________; then _________, respectively

A) sensory memory; working memory; long-term memory
B) working memory; short-term memory; long-term memory
C) sensory memory; long-term memory; short-term memory
D) short-term memory; long-term memory; sensory memory

Question 67

Analytical, practical, and creative are all part of the:

A) theory of multiple intelligence.
B) theory of intelligence.
C) triarchic theory of intelligence.
D) Stanford-Binet theory of intelligence.

Question 68

As in all languages, in the English language there are rules; different from other languages, there are many exceptions to the rules in the English language.

Question 69

Howard Gardner posited _____ intelligences in his theory of multiple intelligence.

A) two
B) four
C) six
D) eight

Question 70

Psychometric theories of intelligence posit the existence of a general intelligence.

Question 71

Julia took an IQ test. Her results showed that she received a 130. Based on her IQ, Julia is:

A) gifted.
B) impaired.
C) average.
D) none of the choices

Question 72

Learning to read in English as a second language is one of the most difficult tasks for school-aged children.

Question 73

There are many different definitions of intelligence.

Question 74

Metamemory involves ______ key functions.

A) two
B) four
C) six
D) eight

Question 75

Metamemory improvements underlie improvements in _____________ memory:

A) sensory
B) working
C) long-term
D) all of the choices

Question 76

__________ supervises all the processes that are fundamental to cognitive development.

A) Metamemory
B) Executive function
C) Maintenance rehearsal
D) Metacognition

Question 77

Johnny scored a 100 on the Stanford-Binet IQ test. Based on his scores, we can assume that his performance is:

A) what is expected for his age.
B) above what is expected for his age.
C) below what is expected for his age.
D) none of the choices

Question 78

Allan has the lead in his class's Thanksgiving Day play. When he gets his lines, he says them again and again to try and remember them. Based on this scenario, Allan is:

A) using metamemory.
B) using executive functioning.
C) performing maintenance rehearsal.
D) none of the choices

Question 79

A score calculated from results on an intelligence test is known as a person's:

A) intelligence scale.
B) intelligence level.
C) intelligence quotient.
D) intelligence skill.

Question 80

The information-processing approach focuses on describing changes necessary for success:

A) in school.
B) in other aspects, such as games and sports.
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b